Earticle

이 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 학과만족도, 다양성수용도, 진로준비행동 간의 영향관계를 파악하고, 학과만족도 와 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서 다양성수용도의 매개효과를 확인하여 대학생 대상의 진로교육에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충북소재 4년제 대학의 항공계열과 보건계열 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였고 182부의 설문응답을 최종표본으로, SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0 소프트웨어를 사용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 학과만족 도는 다양성수용도와 진로준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 다양성수용도 역시 진로준비행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 다양성수용도는 학과만족도와 진로준비행동의 영향관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 대학생들이 효과적인 진로준비를 하도록 하기위해서는 학생들의 학과만족도 증진과 함께 다양성수용도를 높일 수 있는 교육과정 및 프로그램의 개설이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine an influence of university students' major satisfaction on career preparation behavior and the mediating effect of openness to diversity. The survey questionnaire was distributed to 182 university students and SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0 program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The results of this study are as follows: First, major satisfaction has a positive effect on openness to diversity and career preparation behavior. Second, openness to diversity has a positive effect on career preparation behavior. Third, openness to diversity has a partiall mediating effect between major satisfaction and career preparation behavior. These results show that the more students enhance their major satisfaction and openness to diversity, the more students enhance their career preparation behavior.

Objective: In the present study, to determine the extent of academic stress and pain from sitting for a long time, we will use a questionnaire to examine the effects of non-face-to-face stress and back pain on college students who have conducted non-face-to-face lectures. Design: Survey research Methods: A questionnaire was conducted using Naver foam to identify academic stress, attitude and time to listen to lectures, and the extent of back pain for college students who are experiencing non-face-to-face lectures. Outcome measures include the scale of academic stress (SAS), the Numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI Korea version) was implemented. The difference in academic stress was analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, and the correlation between academic stress and back pain was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. In order to examine the academic stress, consistency, and stability, the reliability of the academic stress items was measured by examining the reliability with the Cron-Bach alpha coefficient. Allstatistical significance levels were α=0.05. Results: According to the general characteristics of the subject, there were no statistically significant results compared to gender (P<0.05), but the higher the grade, the higher the stress index, the higher the level of pain. Conclusions: This study confirmed that non-face-to-face lectures caused by COVID-19 have increased academic stress and the resulting increase in back pain in college students.

Students' perceptions of generosity and fairness in lecture evaluation and grades, communication with professors, and self-fidelity and satisfaction during the COVID-19 situation were statistically analyzed by surveying students at M university in Daejeon. These data were analyzed in the context of parameters that might impact online class lecture evaluations, namely gender and school year. Descriptive analysis shows students' perceptions of online lectures are significantly high. As for differences by gender and school year, the t-test results indicate female students generally have better perceptions of online classes than male students. However, there is no statistical difference between male and female students regarding the generosity of lecture evaluation. Also, ANOVA test results show that as the school year increases, the general perceptions for online classes become negative. However, there is no statistical difference by school year regarding the generosity of lecture evaluation. Regression analysis shows that the "perceptual generosity of grades" most significantly influenced the "perceptual generosity of lecture evaluation."

This study examines how Korean university students perceive English-language advertising for AI- based medical IT services. As AI-related medical technologies are increasingly promoted through English advertisements, it is necessary to understand how young consumers in a non-English-speaking context interpret and respond to such messages. This study employed Q-methodology to explore students' subjective viewpoints. Twenty-three university students participated in a Q-sorting task using 16 statements related to English-language AI medical advertising. The analysis revealed three perception types: Informed Optimists, Critical Realists, and Trusting Pragmatists. The Informed Optimists regarded these advertisements as innovative and informative but were not easily influenced by emotional appeals. The Critical Realists showed a cautious and skeptical attitude, questioning the credibility and clarity of the advertising content. In contrast, the Trusting Pragmatists tended to accept the advertisements positively and preferred clear, factual, and professional messages. Across all types, English was generally associated with technological advancement, while concerns about comprehension and accessibility were also evident. These findings suggest the importance of audience-sensitive and trustworthy communication strategies in AI-based medical advertising.

Purpose: The current study assesses cyberbullying among university students and explores the role of the student-teacher relationship and virtual classroom community. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study on four randomly selected colleges at Damanhour University/Egypt. Participants were recruited conveniently using an equal allocation of 150 students/college (600 students). The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ), Rovai's Classroom Community Scale (RCCS), and the Student Version of The Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory (S-STRI) were used for data collection. Results: Low cyber victimization was reported by 66.5% of the students, while 39.8% reported low cyberaggression behaviors. The highest percent reported average virtual class connectedness (77.3%), learning experience (70.3%), and overall virtual classroom community (80.8%). Besides, highly satisfying teacher relationships (82.3%); average (38.8%) and low (35.8%) instrumental help; low conflict (68.0%); and average total teacher-student relationship (70.5%). Regression analysis revealed that the increased scores of the total teacher-student relationship scale (<i>p</i><0.05) with its two domains [satisfaction and instrumental help (<i>p</i><0.01)] and the total classroom community scale (<i>p</i><0.05) with its domains [connectedness (<i>p</i><0.01) and learning experience (<i>p</i><0.05)] decreased the likelihood of cyber victimization and cyberaggression. However, perceived conflicting teacher relationships increased the likelihood of cyber victimization (<i>p</i><0.05) and cyberaggression (<i>p</i><0.01).Conclusion: Cyberbullying is a concern among university students, and the students’ perceived nature of their relationships with their teachers and sense of virtual classroom community play a pivotal role in shaping their involvement in cyberaggression and exposure to cyber victimization. Thus, developing mass media campaigns to enhance awareness about cyberbullying and cyber civility regulations is recommended.

Objective : This study investigated the mediating effect of social networks on the relationship between social networking service (SNS) dependence and healthy lifestyle among university students. Methods : Data from 374 university students were collected via online surveys. Sociodemographic data, SNS dependence, social networks, and healthy lifestyle were assessed. Mediation analysis using bootstrapping was conducted to examine the mediating effect of social networks on the relationship between SNS dependence and healthy lifestyle. Results : A total of 374 university students participated in this study. The average age of the participants was 21.8 years (standard deviation = 2.1), and 70.3% were females. Mediation analysis revealed that SNS dependence had a direct effect on healthy lifestyle (β = -.078, standard error [SE] = .052, p = .128), which was not statistically significant. However, a statistically significant indirect effect was observed through social networks (β = -.052, SE = .020, p = .011). The total effect of SNS dependence on a healthy lifestyle was significant (β = -.130, SE = .053, p = .014). Conclusion : Social networks play a critical role in promoting a healthy lifestyle. Health professionals should prioritize interventions to address SNS dependence and leverage social networks to encourage healthier behaviors.

Purpose: This study investigated the factors influencing smartphone overdependence in university students using an ecological model and descriptive research. Methods: Data were collected from 482 students at 13 universities in the six regions in South Korea from October 20, 2020, to March 25, 2021. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The significant ecological factors influencing smartphone overdependence included self-awareness of smartphone overdependence (β=.33, p<.001), autonomy (β=-.25, p<.001), average daily smartphone usage time (β=.18, p<.001), gender (β=.15, p=.001), college year (β=.15, p=.020), forming relationships with others as a motivation for smartphone use (β=-.15, p=.008), friend support (β=.14, p=.006), and age (β=-.12, p=.047). The model explained 34.9% of the variance. Conclusion: The study emphasized the role of personal and interpersonal factors, in smartphone overdependence among university students. Tailored intervention strategies are necessary to address smartphone overdependence, considering the unique characteristics of students' environments. A significant aspect of this study is that it provides an explanation of the multidimensional factors contributing to smartphone overdependence among university students, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental influences.

Objective: Deep neck flexor muscle endurance (DNFET) is important to cervical pain patients. However, there is no normative data of the DNFET hold time of Korean university students. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data and the reliability of the DNFET times of Korean university students and to compare the DNFET hold times between male and female subjects. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The participants included 39 male and 39 female students with no cervical pain. Each DNFET was measured while the subjects kept their chin tucked in while in a supine (hook-lying) position and with the head lifted 2.5 cm off the bed. The DNFET was conducted on each subject twice and the mean values were obtained. After each measurement, the participants rested for 5 minutes. Inter-rater reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) by three separate evaluators. Results: The inter-rater reliability was good, showing an ICC (2,3) value = 0.785 (95% confidence interval, 0.370-0.942). The DNFET time scores for men and women were $25.14{\pm}9.96$ seconds and $15.23{\pm}6.10$ seconds, respectively, in which the time scores of the men were significantly longer compared to women (p<0.05). Conclusions: Asymptomatic men displayed higher DNFET scores than women. This study can help clinicians test cervical function of patients and set an interventional goal. These findings serve as a basis that insists Korean women to increase their amount of physical activity.

Purpose: Smoking is one the leading causes of preventable health conditions, disability and premature mortality worldwide. Despite growing public awareness of health risks, smoking rates among Korean young adults, particularly university students, continue to rise, influenced by social pressures and widespread misconceptions. This study aimed to examine the influence of smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial stress on smoking beliefs among Korean university students. Methods: Participant recruitment and data collection took place between July to August, 2024. A total of 212 university students completed self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0. Results: Significant differences in smoking beliefs were observed by sex, smoking status, and psychosocial stress level. Smoking beliefs were negatively associated with smoking knowledge and attitudes. Multiple regression analysis identified smoking attitudes, knowledge, and smoking status as significant predictors of smoking beliefs, collectively explaining 52.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Smoking attitudes, knowledge, and psychological stress level were significant predictors of favorable beliefs about smoking among Korean university students. More negative attitudes toward tobacco smoking and greater knowledge of smoking-related consequences were associated with lower levels of favorable beliefs about smoking. Psychosocial stress was also associated with favorable smoking beliefs, highlighting the importance of incorporating stress management strategies into smoking prevention and cessation programs.

his study measured the level of intercultural sensitivity depending on the respondents’ year level, gender, major, and interaction experience with foreigners. A total of 403 respondents answered the Intercultural Sensitivity Survey (ISS), which was developed by Chen and Starosta. The purpose of this study is to provide a direction of English education in Korean society to enhance the competitiveness of a globalized manpower. Accordingly, no significant relationship was noted between their ISS and major as well as their interaction experience with foreigners. The researchers recommend that teachers, curriculum developers, academic administrators, and relevant stakeholders should revisit the thrust of English education in Korea in order to include in its focus the goal to increase the intercultural sensitivity of Korean students. Providing more opportunities for culture exchange and interaction is also recommended.

PURPOSE: This study examined the awareness and demands for Women's Health Physical Therapy (WHPT) of university students majoring in physical therapy. METHODS: From September to October 2020, questionnaire surveys were distributed to students majoring in physical therapy using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected via an internet form from 300 students in eight universities. The survey consisted of three parts consisting of five general characteristics, four questions for awareness, and five questions for the demands. The numerical values for the questions were calculated using a Likert-type scale and descriptive statistics. An independent T-test, ANOVA, and Dunnett T3 test were performed, and the significance level was .05. RESULTS: The demands (3.88) level of the WHPT was higher than the awareness (2.32). The awareness was similar in both genders (p > .05), but there was a significant difference in the demand between genders (p < .05). Female students knew better and had more demands of WHPT than male students. Similarly, a difference in the awareness level by grade was found. The 4^th grade had the highest awareness comparing the 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd grades, but there was no significant difference in awareness and demand according to clinical practice (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The students have high demands compared to awareness, suggesting that the university and association need to prepare diverse and deeper education on WHPT.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of smartphone detox program for smartphone addiction among university students. To reduce the rate of smartphone addiction and its negative effects on physical, mental and social wellness, a six-session program was applied to sixteen participants who voluntarily completed the entire program and responded to pre-post survey. Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) was used for smartphone addiction assessment with Mental Health Scale, Positive Psychological Capital Scale for mental wellness and Self-Management Scale for physical and social wellness. Results received after the program indicated that, smartphone addiction and mental health scores decreased significantly while the average scores of self-management and positive psychological capital increased respectively. Furthermore, the rate of high-risk group decreased, and the participants, affirmed in their self-evaluation report that excessive use of smartphone negatively affects their body, mind and interpersonal relationship. Thus, smartphone detox program is effective in reducing smartphone addiction and improving the students' wellness.

This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of fatigue, stress, and affect on the relationship between sleep quality and depressive mood in university students experiencing financial difficulties. Participants (35) were university students in a metropolitan area of South Korea, recruited from September 2019 to December 2019 and from February 2020 to June 2020. They completed a pre-ecological momentary assessment online survey assessing sleep quality, fatigue, stress, and quality of life. Subsequently, participants participated in a 14-day ecological momentary assessment of daily depressive mood, sleep quality, fatigue, stress, and positive and negative affect. A multilevel mediation analysis indicated that fatigue completely mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive mood at the within- and between-subject levels, whereas stress and positive affect completely mediated the relationship only at the within-subject level. Negative affect did not mediate the relationship between sleep quality and depressive mood either at the within- or between-subject level. These findings suggest that interventions targeting mediators such as fatigue, stress and affect may alleviate the impact of poor sleep quality on depressive mood among university students experiencing financial difficulties.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the symptoms of allergic rhinitis among university students and assess their quali­ty of life (QOL) in order to establish an effective program for university students with allergic rhinitis. Methods: The data were collect­ed in May, 2012 in a university school health center. The collected data were analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage and mean for the symptom types and QOL among 131 university students with allergic rhinitis. An independent t-test was conducted to determine differences in QOL according to general and disease related characteristics. Results: Symptoms were reported in the following order: nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching respectively. The mean score of QOL of the participants was 2.24 (5 point). Nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea (M=3.16) and nasal obstruction (M=3.12) had the highest score and affected QOL badly in the item analysis. QOL differed according to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis history, skin test reaction, some symptoms and allergens. Conclusion: To establish an effective management program for increasing QOL among university students with allergic rhinitis, symptom management methods for nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea should be included in the program.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the predictive factors of COVID-19 vaccination behavior by evaluating the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: Data were collected from August 6 to August 31, 2022 from 235 college students (aged 20~29 years) across 12 universities using a structured web-based survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and AMOS software. Results: Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, subjective norms, and intention to be vaccinated significantly influenced COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Attitudes and subjective norms indirectly affected COVID-19 vaccination behavior through intention to vaccinate, whereas intention to vaccinate had a direct effect. The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between subjective norms and intention to vaccinate was significant. Conclusion: Interventions that foster a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and bolster subjective norms and perceived behavioral control can boost the intention to be vaccinated and facilitate the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators among female university students in South Korea, where the lowest-worldwide fertility rate is a critical issue. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 646 female university students in Korea. The tools used in this study included measures of participants' demographic and physiological characteristics, pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators, right to self-determination, perceived stress, and intolerance of uncertainty. Results: Factors influencing pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators included age, expected pregnancy age, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status, and self-determination, and the explanatory power of this model was 29.2%. Conclusion: Pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators were influenced by age, HPV vaccination, expected pregnancy age, and self-determination. These findings suggest that health-related factors such as HPV vaccination and the right to self-determination are critical determinants. Based on these results, this study provides evidence regarding the need for policy and educational interventions that support decision-making related to pregnancy and childbirth.

Purpose: This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea. Methods: The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the x2 test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students. Results: Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children. Conclusion: It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association among sexual double standard, dating violence recognition, and sexual assertiveness among Korean university students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey study in January 2018, Korean university students (N = 322, years; 54.3% female) completed structured questionnaires with the double standard scale, dating violence recognition index, and sexual assertiveness index. The relationship among the variables was analyzed with Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analyses. Results: There were significant correlations among sexual double standard, dating violence recognition, and sexual assertiveness. Sexual double standard (b = .12, p = .043) was determined to influence dating violence recognition. In addition, gender (b = .63, p < .001) and sexual double standard (b = .11, p = .015) were determined to influence dating violence recognition; the explanatory power was 43%. Conclusion: These findings will serve as a basis for the development of education programs that help university students to establish appropriate sexual values and enjoy a healthy sex life.

Purpose: This study examined whether depressive symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors mediate the association between perceived stress and quality of life (QoL) in university students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey, Korean university students (N = 187, Mage = 23.97 years; 54.0% Woman) completed structured questionnaires with psychometric adequacy. A parallel multiple mediation model was used to test the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between perceived stress and QoL. Results: Total effect of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on QoL was -.55. Of these, total indirect mediating effect was -.50, whereas direct effect was only -.05 in the parallel mediation model. In particular, depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -.32) and healthpromoting lifestyle behaviors (indirect effect = -.18) completely mediated the relationship between perceived stress and QoL. Conclusion: The results suggest that effective strategies primarily focusing on improving depressive symptoms along with health behaviors are needed to decrease the negative effect of perceived stress on QoL.

Objective: The popularization of smartphones can lead to abnormal cervical alignment in university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among smartphone screen time, cervical alignment, and muscle function in university students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventy-five university students participated in the study. They completed the evaluation of cervical alignment and muscle function, such as handgrip strength, proprioception, and muscle quality (tone, stiffness, and relaxation time). All participants recorded their general characteristics and individual smartphone screen time before the evaluation. They were evaluated craniovertebral angle (CVA) using smartphone application (angle meter 360) for measuring cervical alignment. The muscle function was assessed using a digital hand-held dynamometer, dual inclinometer, and MyotonPRO device. Results: Of all participants, twenty-five university students had forward head posture (CVA<49°, 33.33%). Independent t-test revealed that there were significant differences on smartphone screen time, muscle stiffness, and muscle relaxation between the participants with and without forward head posture (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the smartphone screen time and the CVA, muscle tone, and muscle relaxation (r=-0.493, 0.250, and -0.500, respectively). Conclusions: The results indicate that the university students with forward head posture had high smartphone screen time and muscle stiffness compared to the students without forward head posture, and smartphone screen time might be associated with cervical alignment and muscle quality.