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본 연구는 구강건강을 위해 사용하고 있는 칫솔을 특허검색이 가능한 KIPRIS에서 2008년부터 2017년까지 10년간 등록된 칫솔에 대한 467개의 특허정보를 분석하였다. 칫솔구성을 기준으로 8개로 대분류 하였고, 세부정보를 소분류 하였다. 연간 특허수량을 분석하기 위해 출원연도를 분석하여 정리하였다. 그 결과 특허가 가장 많은 것은 칫솔 모에 대한 특허였으며 뒤이어 칫솔 외 기능추가 특허, 전동칫솔 특허, 칫솔헤드에 대한 다른 형태로의 칫솔 특허, 칫솔 목에 대한 특허, 칫솔질 습관 교정에 대한 특허, 칫솔 핸들에 대한 특허 순이었다. 다양한 소분류의 특허는 칫솔 외 기능 추가 특허였으며 2012년 칫솔모에 대한 특허건이 25개로 제일 많았으며, 2017년 소폭 감소하는 칫솔특허 대비 유일하 게 증가하고 있는 특허는 칫솔질 습관 교정에 대한 특허와 칫솔 핸들에 대한 특허였다. 2009년부터는 칫솔에 대한 특허 수가 꾸준히 증가하고 다양해진 모습을 확인 할 수 있다.

This study analyzed 467patent for toothbrush that used for oral hearlth, registered for 10years from 2008 to 2017 at KIPRIS which can search patent. Based on the toothbush composition, 8categories were detailed information was subdivided. As a result showed that the most patents were patent for toothbrush bristle, patent for additional function, patent for electronic toothbrush, patent for toothbrush‘s head, patent for toothbrush in different form, patent for toothbrush‘s neck, patent for learning of brushing habits, patent for toothbrush‘s handle. The patent that has a variety of the section was a patent for additional function, the patent for toothbrush bristle was the highest that is 25 in 2012. The only increasing number of patents compared to toothbrush patents, which are decreasing slightly in 2017, was the Patent for learning of brushing habits and the patent for toothbrush‘s handle. As a result, from 2009, the number of patents for toothbrushes has increased and varied.

본 연구는 사용 중인 칫솔의 관리법과 구강내 세균의 산생성도에 따른 칫솔의 세균량을 측정하여 비교한 후 올바른 칫솔 관리를 위한 교육자료를 개발하는데 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다. 건강한 20대 성인 50명의 1개월 이상 사용 중인 칫솔을 수거하여 칫솔의 세균수와 pH를 측정하였다. 하루 칫솔질의 횟수가 4회인 경우 pH는 4.97로 가장 높았고 세균수는 42.16(104×CFU/ml)으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 칫솔의 사용 교체 시기가 1개월인 경우 pH 가 5.35로 가장 높았고 세균수는 19.80(104 × CFU/ml)로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 욕실에 보관한 경우 pH는 4.78로 가장 낮았고 세균수는 149.46(104 × CFU/ml) 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 연구결과 칫 솔의 세균을 차단하기 위해서는 가정에서 오염된 칫솔을 간단하게 살균할 수 있는 방법을 연구하고 개발해야 할 것이 다. 또한 칫솔질 교육을 할 때 올바른 칫솔 세척 방법과 보관법에 대하여 교육을 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

Objective of this study was to compared the amount of bacteria in the toothbrush according to the management method of the toothbrush in use and the acidity of intraoral bacteria. Toothbrushes in use in more than one month of 50 healthy adults were collected and the number of bacteria and pH of the toothbrushes were measured. When the number of brushings per day was 4, the pH 4.97 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 42.16(104×CFU/ml). When the replacement period of the toothbrush was 1 month, the pH 5.35 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 19.80(104×CFU/ml). When stored in the bathroom, the pH 4.78, and the microbial numbers was highest at 149.46(104×CFU/ml). As a result, in order to block the germs of the toothbrush, it is necessary to develop a method that can easily disinfect the contaminated toothbrush at home. In addition, I think that it is necessary to educate about the proper brush cleaning and storage method when teaching brushing.

본 연구는 국내 제조 치간칫솔의 형태 및 크기를 조사하고 국제표준기준에 따라 치간칫솔의 PHD 재분 류를 통하여 치간칫솔의 효율적 활용을 위한 표준규격마련의 기초자료를 마련하고자 시행하였다. 연구결과 본 연 구에서 사용된 국내 제조 치간칫솔은 국제표준기준에 따른 표기법은 모두 시행하지 않고 있었으며, PHD와 함께 일본식 표기를 시행하고 있었다. 치간칫솔의 wire직경, brush 직경이 증가할수록 제조사 제시 PHD와 재분류된 PHD 모두 증가하였으며, 국제표준기준에 근거하여 재분류된 PHD에서는 제조사 제공 PHD와 약 47%정도만 일 치하였다. 확립되지 않은 치간칫솔의 크기규격은 치간칫솔의 효율적 활용을 저해하며, 이와 관련된 크기 기준에 대한 규격 표준화 방안 모색이 반드시 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study investigated the shape of a domestic interdental brush and the size provided by the manufacturer, and prepared basic data for the efficient use of interdental brushes through PHD reclassification of interdental brushes in accordance with international standards. The results of this study used the domestic manufactured interdental brush used in this study did not implement all notation according to international standards, and Japanese notation was implemented with PHD. As the wire diameter and brush diameter of the interdental brush increased, both the manufacturer's presentation PHD and the reclassified PHD increased, and. the PHD reclassified based on international standard standards, only about 47% of the PHD provided by the manufacturer was consistent. The unestablished size standard of interdental brushes hinders the efficient use of interdental brushes, and it is believed that it is essential to find a standardization plan for related size standards.

본 연구는 진동회전 방식의 전동칫솔의 진동, 회전에 따른 치면세균막 제거율을 실험하여 전동칫솔 선택의 폭을 넓히고자 하였다. 진동회전타입의 전동칫솔 중 진동회전수가 다른 칫솔 3가지를 선정하였다. A: Oral-B D12(7,600회 회전), B: Oral-B D16(20,000회 진동, 7,600회 회전), C: Oral-B D20(40,000회 진동, 8,800회 회전). 세가지 칫솔의 세정력을 확인하 기 위해 인공치면세균막을 치아에 1회, 2회, 3회 코팅하여 각 10회씩 2초간 세정하였다. 실험 후 잔여치면세균막를 촬영하여 Image J 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다(p<0.05). 연구에 따르면, 코팅한 모든 치면의치면세균막 제거율이 C칫솔이 가장 높았다. 연구결과를 토대로 치과종사자는 구강위생환경을 평가 한 후, 구강상태에 따른 적절한 칫솔의 추천과 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The study was to expand the choice of electric toothbrush by number of operations of the plaque removal effect on the tooth surface. Three different toothbrushes were selected for oscillations and pulsations type of electric toothbrush. A is Oral-B D12 (7,600 pulsations), B is Oral-B D16 (20,000 oscillations and a 7,600 pulsations), C is Oral-B D20 (40,000 oscillations and an 8,800 pulsations). In each trial, each tooth was brushed for 2 seconds. For the 10 trials. And each tooth was coated with 1layer, 2layers and 3layers. After the experiment, the plaque removal effect was calculated and analzed using the Image J program(p<0.05). According to the study, C toothbrush had the highest rate of plaque removal effect. Based on this results of the study, dental worker will need to evaluate oral hygiene and recommend appropriate toothbrushes according to oral conditions

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of powered toothbrushes for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis, in comparison with manual toothbrushes. Methods: This randomized, prospective, controlled, clinical parallel study compared the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes for plaque control in implant restorations. Patients with bleeding on probing, no residual pocket depth (as indicated by a pocket probing depth ${\geq}5mm$), and no radiological peri-implant bone loss were eligible for this study. Patients were requested to complete a questionnaire describing their oral hygiene habits. The duration and frequency of tooth brushing were recorded by subjects in order to assess their compliance. Clinical parameters, including the modified plaque index (mPI), the modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and clinical photographs (buccal and lingual views) were recorded at baseline and at one-month and two-month follow-up visits. Results: Statistically significant differences between patients who used manual toothbrushes and those who used powered toothbrushes were found regarding the frequency of tooth brushing per day and the duration of brushing at one-month and two-month follow-up visits, while no statistically significant differences were found relating to other oral hygiene habits. A statistically significant difference in patient compliance for tooth brushing was found at one month, while no difference was found at two months. Statistically significant decreases in the mPI and the mSBI were observed in both groups from baseline to the one- and two-month follow-ups. The overall reduction of these parameters was not significantly different between the two groups, except for mPI reduction between baseline and one month of follow-up. Conclusions: Sonic-powered toothbrushes may be a useful device for plaque control in patients with peri-implant mucositis.

Toothbrushes play an essential role in oral hygiene. However, they can be significant in microbial transmission and can increase the risk of infection, since they can serve as a reservoir for microorganisms in healthy, oral-diseased and medically ill adults. This study was conducted to evaluate toothbrush contamination in six toothbrushes donated from four people. Two participants each supplied two toothbrushes - one used in the bathroom and one used in the workplace. The other two people each donated two toothbrushes used in the workplace. Polymerase chain reaction was used to construct a 16S rRNA clone library. Sequences of cloned DNA were compared with those from the reference organisms provided by GenBank. A total 120 clones, representing 20 clones for each toothbrush, were analyzed. They are composed of six pylum, 46 genera and 79 species. The most dominant species were Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus parasanguinis and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Enterobacter and Escherichia were recovered from toothbrushes used domestically. Toothbrushes used in the workplace did not contain Enterobacteria.

Toothbrushes play an essential role in oral hygiene. However, they can be significant in microbial transmissionand can increase the risk of infection, since they can serve asa reservoir for microorganisms in healthy, oral-diseased andmedically ill adults. This study was conducted to evaluatetoothbrush contamination in six toothbrushes donated fromfour people. Two participants each supplied two toothbrushes? one used in the bathroom and one used in the workplace. Theother two people each donated two toothbrushes used in theworkplace. Polymerase chain reaction was used to construct a16S rRNA clone library. Sequences of cloned DNA werecompared with those from the reference organisms providedby GenBank. A total 120 clones, representing 20 clones foreach toothbrush, were analyzed. They are composed of sixpylum, 46 genera and 79 species. The most dominant specieswere Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus parasanguinis andHaemophilus parainfluenzae. Enterobacter and Escherichiawere recovered from toothbrushes used domestically. Toothbrushes used in the workplace did not contain Enterobacteria.

3개월 동안 사용한 마모된 칫솔의 마모 정도와 양상을 관찰하고, 새 칫솔과 마모된 칫솔의 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후 치태제거효율을 single-use design으로 비교 ${\cdot}$ 평가하여 3개월 주기의 칫솔 교체 주기의 근거를 임상적으로 확인 해보고자 하였다. 치주적으로 건강한 치과 대학생 42명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 잇솔질 습관을 조사하고, 3개월간 동일한 칫솔과 치약을 사용하게 하였다. 3개월 후 피시험자를 무작위로 두 군(I, II)으로 나누고, 치석제거술을 시행한 뒤 2주후에 내원하도록 하였으며 내원 전 48시간동안은 잇솔질을 하지 않도록 지시하였다. 2주후 I군은 새 칫솔을, II군은 마모된 칫솔을 사용하도록 하였으며 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후에 각각 구강 내를 erythrosin으로 염색한 후 6개의 Ramfjord 치아의 plaque score를 Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index로 측정하였다. 2주간의 washout period 후에 다시 치석제거술을 시행한 뒤, I군이 마모된 칫솔을, II군은 새 칫솔을 사용하게 하여 동일한 방법으로 PHP index를 각각 측정하였다. 마모된 칫솔은 수거하여 brushing surface area의 면적으로 마모도를 평가하였다. 결과는 paired t-test와 Pearson's correlation analysis로 통계처리 하였다. 2명이 탈락하였고 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후에 대한 전체 부위, 치간 부위, 변연치은 부위의 plaque score는 두 칫솔 모두 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며 (p<0.0001), 두 칫솔을 비교한 경우에는 새 칫솔이 마모된 칫솔보다 치태 감소량이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 많았다 (p<0.0001). 칫솔의 마모도는 평균 50.6% 증가하였으며, 마모도 증가에 따른 치태 감소량에는 직선적인 상관관계가 있었으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. (전체 부위 r=-0.58, p=0.72 / 변연치은 부위 r=-0.50, p=0.76). Single-use design에서 3개월 동안 마모된 칫솔은 치태제거 능력에 있어서 새 칫솔보다 덜 효율적이였다. 칫솔의 마모도는 구강 위생 관리에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이며, 마모된 칫솔은 정기적인 교체가 요구된다. 또한, 치간 부위를 포함한 변연치은 부위의 치태를 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 치태지수에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

One of the best way to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease is removing dental plaque. Toothbrushing is also one of the crucial ways to gel rid of dental plaque and improve dental hygiene. The purpose of th is study was to examine how many bacteria were attached to toothbrushes used by dental palque acidogenecity and related behaviors to toothbrush use. Subjects in this study were 30 college students in their twenties, on whom a survey was conducted to find out how they cleansed their toothbrushes, how long they cleaned toothbrushes after brushing, and how to keep them. And then dental palque acidogenecity by caries activity test was implemented and the number of bacteria attached to their toothbrushes was tested. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. Concerning correlations between dental palque acidogenecity and the number of remaining bacteria in the toothbrushes used by students, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students with no caries activity than in the group with mild caries activity. 2. As for relations between the way of cleansing toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, there was no statistically significant gap between the group of students who wetted their toothbrushes with water and rubbed the heads of them and the group of students who just only wetted their toothbrushes with no further actions. 3. Regarding the relationship of toothbrush cleansing time to the number of bacteria, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students who cleansed their toothbrushes for 15 seconds or more. 4. As to the influence of the number of toothbrush used by students, there was no significant difference between the group using just one toothbrush and the other group using two or more toothbrushes. 5. As for correlations between the way of keeping toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, no significant gap existed between the group thai kept their toothbrushes separately and the other that didn't.

본 연구는 대학생들이 사용하고 있는 칫솔의 마모도와 마모율을 평가하고 관련요인을 파악하여 대학생 구강보건교육 자료로 활용하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 2015년 3월 16일부터 4월 10일까지 573개의 칫솔을 수거한 뒤 칫솔 마모도를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 칫솔 마모도는 조사 대상 칫솔 중 46.9%가 0.400 이상의 마모도를 보였고, 평균 마모도는 $0.403{\pm}0.20$로 조사되어, 전체적으로 높은 칫솔 마모도를 보였다. 칫솔 마모율은 1점과 2점이 차지하는 비율이 70.4%였으며, 평균 마모율은 $1.620{\pm}0.74$로 나타나 전체적으로 높은 칫솔 마모율을 보였다. 성별에 따른 칫솔 마모도 및 마모율은 남학생이 여학생보다 높았으며, 칫솔교체주기가 길수록 칫솔 마모도와 마모율 모두 유의하게 높았다. 대학생들의 칫솔교체 주기 및 칫솔 관리가 적절히 이루어질 수 있도록 올바른 칫솔관리에 대한 효율적인 구강보건교육 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear index of toothbrush and related factors in the university students. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 573 university students from March 16 to April 10, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, wear index, and wear rate of the toothbrush. The wear index of 46.9 percent was above 0.400, and the average wear index was $0.403{\pm}0.20$. Overall, the wear index of the toothbrushes was high. 2. As a result of measuring the wear rate of the toothbrushes, the wear rate of 70.4 percent stood at 1 and 2. The average wear rate stood at $1.620{\pm}0.74$. Overall, the wear rate of the toothbrushes was high. 3. As for wear index and wear rate by gender, the wear index and wear rate of the toothbrushes used by the male students were larger than those of the toothbrushes used by the female students. The wear index and wear rate were significantly higher when the toothbrush replacement period was longer. Given the findings of the study, efficient oral health education on the right toothbrush management should be provided for college students to manage their toothbrushes properly.

본 연구는 지적장애인을 대상으로 전동칫솔을 이용한 칫솔질 교육 후 치면세균막 감소 및 칫솔질 시 출혈여부를 조사하여 치은건강증진도를 조사하고자 2015년도 6월부터 2015년도 9월까지경기도 광주 및 천안 인근의 시설에 입소해 있는 장애인 50명을 대상으로 2회에 걸친 반복적인일대일 칫솔질 교육 후 5주 후에 치면세균막 지수와 칫솔질 시 출혈여부 감소를 분석하였다. 성별로는 남성는 32명, 여성은 18명이었으며 반복적인 칫솔질교육은 칫솔질 교육 5주 후에도 구강환경 개선에 효과가 있었는데, 치면세균막 지수는 1차 방문시(잇솔질 교육 이전)에 1.71±1.21이었고 2차 방문시(잇솔질 교육 일주일 후)에 0.93±0.87로 감소하였으며, 4주간격을 두고 3차 방문하였을 때도 치면세균막 지수가 0.88±0.84로 낮게 유지되었다(p<0.05). 이러한 치면세균막지수는성별, 장애등급별, 칫솔질 자립여부 및 칫솔질 횟수로 분류하였을 때도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 칫솔질 후 출혈여부는 1차 방문시보다 2차 방문시에 많이 감소하였으며 4주간격을 두고3차 방문하였을 때도 칫솔질 후 출혈이 더 감소하였으며 성별, 장애등급별, 칫솔질 자립여부 및칫솔질 횟수로 분류하였을 때에도 감소하는 경향성을 보였다(p<0.05).

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of tooth brushing instruction using powered toothbrushes to reduce plaque index and bleeding on brushing in the people with intellectually disability. Tooth brushing instruction with powered toothbrushes was carried out for 50 persons admitted to a welfare facility or special school, repeatedly by 1 week interval, from May to September, 2015, and 1 month later, plaque index and bleeding on brushing were examined. Plaque index decreased significantly (in 2nd visit, from 1.71±1.21 to 0.93±0.87), and results were maintained in last examination (in 1 month). Bleeding on brushing decreased significantly (in 2nd visit and 3rdvisit, from 2.31±1.90 to 0.31±0.66). Therefore, powered toothbrush was effective to reduce plaque index and bleeding on brushing for the people with intellectual disability. Plaque index and bleeding on toothbrushing decreased also in classification in according to sex, level of disability, independence of toothbrushing, and frequency of toothbrushing.