Earticle

본 연구에서는 칼과 가위 및 화학약품에 의한 물리·화학적 섬유 손상을 분석하여 손상의 원인 파악을 위한 기술 데이 터 자료로써 활용하고자 하였다. 칼 4종류 및 가위 5종류와 4종류의 화학약품(황산, 염산, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨)을 이용 하여 면(Cotton), 울(Wool), 폴리에스터(Polyester), 레이온(Rayon), T/C(Polyester 50%, Cotton 50%), T/W(Polyester 50%, Wool 50%)에 물리·화학적 손상을 생성하여 공구와 화학약품에 따른 손상을 분석하였다. 칼과 가위에 의한 관통 손상 은 칼의 날 부분이 관통한 경우 공통으로 “V” 유형의 손상이 나타났으며, 칼의 등 부분이 관통한 칼의 경우 “T”, “ㅁ”, 갈고리, “ㄷ” 유형의 손상이 나타났다. 또한, 가위의 경우 모두 “Y” 유형의 손상이 공통으로 나타났다. 화학약품에 의한 섬유 손상은 유류 흔적, 부식, 분해, 수축, 변색 등 다양한 손상이 나타났으며, 화학약품과 섬유의 종류에 따라 나타나는 손상에 차이를 보 였다. 섬유의 물리적 손상은 공구의 형태적 특성에 따라 나타나는 특징에 차이를 보였으며, 화학적 손상은 화학약품과 섬유의 종류에 따른 특징 차이를 보임을 확인하였다.

In this study, the physical and chemical fiber damage caused by knives, scissors, and chemicals was analyzed and used as technical data to determine the cause of the damage. Using 4 types of knives, 5 types of scissors and 4 types of chemicals(Sulfuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide) physical and chemical to Cotton, Wool, Polyester, Rayon, T/C (Polyester 50%, Cotton 50%), T/W (Polyester 50%, Wool 50%) Damages were created and analyzed for damage caused by tools and chemicals. For penetrating damage caused by knives and scissors, 'V' type damage was generally seen when the blade part was penetrated, 'T', 'ㅁ', ''C' type damage was found, and in the case of scissors, 'Y' ' This type of damage was common. Fiber damage caused by chemicals showed various damage such as remanent trace, corrosion, degraded, contracting, and color changes. Physical damage of fibers showed differences in characteristics according to the shape characteristics of tools, and chemical damage showed differences in characteristics according to chemicals and types of fibers.

This paper describes the effective way of finding injurious that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at a semi-finished medical products fabricating company. Analytical method is adopted a questionnaire an ergonomic assessment. The result of this paper is suggested the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit.

CrossRef is a membership association for scholarly publishers with a mission of improving scholarly communication through community collaboration. CrossRef now has over 5,000 publisher members, and a large proportion of these member publishers (over 80%) are small, international publishers. As such, CrossRef needs to put tools in place to help these smaller publishers fulfil the basic technical requirements of CrossRef membership and participate in optional CrossRef services?CrossCheck and CrossMark among others. This article will describe some of CrossRef ’s upcoming and recently launched tools for small publishers, detail how they work, and will let members know where they can find and make use of these applications. It will focus predominantly on the CrossRef linking console, the additions to the web deposit form and the CSV (comma separated value) upload improvements that have recently been released or are scheduled for release in the near future.

In order to support the mission of the institution in which they are attached, academic libraries provide services in both manual and digital but COVID -19 pandemic that spanned between March and September, 2020 has changed the scenario. With particular reference to Nigeria, about 249,606 cases were confirmed and in order to curb the scourge of this deadly disease, physical academic activities were prevented by Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). With this development, innovative tools became indispensable tools for successful delivery of library services in Nigerian academic libraries. Whether or not these tools are still in use for reformation of library service during post- Covid era remains unclear, hence, need for this study. This study examined librarians' use of innovative tools for information dissemination in Nigerian academic libraries during the post-Covid era using a descriptive survey design. Data were obtained both in quantitative and qualitative formats from one hundred and forty-four librarians as respondents. A total enumeration sampling technique was adopted because the population was minimal. Findings of the study revealed that innovative tools such as videoconferencing, WhatsApp, teleconferencing, Facebook, LinkedIn, and web-based learning applications are still in use by librarians for the dissemination of information during the post-Covid era. These tools are useful and beneficial to librarians during the post-COVID era, as they facilitate easy participation and engagement of library users in various discussions. Inadequate funding and lack of advanced technology skills were also identified as major impediments to the successful use of innovative tools for information dissemination. As a result, it was suggested that academic libraries throughout Nigeria prioritize staff training on the necessary digital skills needed to cope in this advanced technology era.

The study examined information retrieval tools as predictors for information resources utilization, four research questions, and four hypotheses were made to guide the study. A descriptive survey was adopted for the study. Random sampling technique was used to select sample of 393 from a population of 557 academic staff registered in the University of Port Harcourt library. The questionnaire was adopted as a data collection instrument titled Information retrieval as predictors for information resources utilization (IRPIRUQ). Data were analyzed using both simple and multiple regression while analysis of variance (ANOVA) associate with regression was used for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The study revealed that information resources are under utilized as the OPAC and Online Databases are not easily accessed. Further findings showed that the academic staff made use of internet search engines more often than the OPAC and online databases. It was recommended among others that a new library software be installed in place of KOHA for wider connectivity and adequate distribution of software that will aid usage of the online databases and OPAC.

The needs of collaboration among design participants spread in different locations is emphasized in the early design stage in order to not only save time and provide places to meet and talk, but also to save cost for those events as well: This is being realized by the Internet, which helps support a networked, integrated real-time multi-user environment. As the base for collaboration activities moves from physical places to cyberspace, the methods of connecting every participant by means of a computer technology have been desired and considered. This study aims at investigating today's collaboration technology in the architectural design process, especially focused on the early stages, in terms of temporal dimensions. In addition, major concepts for and previous efforts and tools of collaborative design have been examined, and a specific recommendation has been proposed for future development of collaborative architectural design systems: That is distributed collaboration, which is accessible and comprehensible to all the professionals in the building design team, which not only allows the sharing of information but also the sharing of understanding, and which facilitates the development of design tools for different aspects of the envisioned collaborative design environment.

Purpose: This study explored tools to measure service experiences for families of older adults living in long-term care facilities, with the goal of suggesting directions for developing service experience measurement indicators for these families in the Korean context. Methods: In this scoping review, English-language literature on the service experiences of families of older adults in long-term care facilities published in academic journals from January 1990 to December 2021 was reviewed. The CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched. The review process involved identifying the research question; searching for relevant published studies; selecting studies; mapping the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. This method helped identify knowledge gaps, explore, and define key concepts, and obtain an overview of extant studies’ focus by determining the literature scope. Among 118 articles, seven were finally selected according to predetermined criteria. Results: Through an analysis of the sub-factors of the tools used in the seven selected articles, the following themes were derived: environment, information and family member involvement, tailored care, respect, and responsive workforce. Concept definitions were clarified and examined. Conclusion: Measuring the service experiences of families serving as surrogates for older adults who are in long-term care facilities and cannot express their opinions is essential for improving service quality. Developing a measurement tool for experiences of facility service experience that accurately reflects the perspectives of family members of older adults in these facilities in the Korean context is a pressing need given South Korea’s rapidly aging population.

In this study, the researcher investigated Digital Public Relations Tools For effective Public Library Services in South-West, Nigeria. The study aims to know the nexus between public relations tools such as social media or electronic resources and effective services rendered by public librarians to meet users, especially in this era where by majority of users are moved into technology instead of the traditional ways of using print resources. The study adopted a correlation research design which used simple and multiple linear methods. The population are professional and para-professional library staff in public libraries in the six states of South West, Nigeria. The total number is one hundred forty-four library staff. The researcher involved the whole population as a sample by using census sampling techniques. The instruments (rating scales) were used to collect data in this study. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics were used to answer two research questions. The findings of the study are that; there is a moderate, positive and significant relationship between, electronic tools and public library services. There is a low, positive and significant relationship between social media tools and public library services. From the aforementioned findings the researcher that the library management should ensure that all the public relations tools identified in this study should be applied in public libraries to enhance service delivery. The study concluded that public relations tools social media & electronic media) are significantly related to effective public library services in South-West, Nigeria. The research was original work carried out by the researcher, it is a part of his PhD thesis.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of instability on the activation of lower limb muscles during lunge exercise. Methods: The study subjects were healthy twenties and were selected to have no orthopedic or neurological diseases. 1) Flat lunge exercise (Lunge 1, 2) Lunge exercise on TOGU (Lunge 2, 3) Holding the olympic bar and moving the lunge on TOGU (Lunge 3, 4) Holding the Surge and moving the lunge on TOGU (Lunge 4). Through the above four actions, we can see how the top-down instability influences the lower limb unlike the Bottom-up instability. EMG attachment sites were gluteus medius, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. Results: These result suggest that exercise using Lunge 4 activity was the highest in muscle activity compared to other exercises, but vastus medialis showed the highest muscle activity in Lunge 2 exercise(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed the muscular activity of the lower extremities according to the lunge exercise using the instability tools.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine if the Harrison hip score (HHS), a tool for assessing hip joint function, and the Burg balance scale (BBS), a general balance assessment tool, actually reflect the balance ability of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients 3 months after surgery. In addition, this study investigated the initial weight distribution strategy for bilateral lower extremity after THA surgery to understand the balance of THA patients. METHODS: Fourteen 3-month THA patients performed static dual standing and sit-to-stand (STS) tasks. Ground reaction forces on each leg were collected to calculate the weight distribution symmetricity (SWD), and the HHS, functional HHS (f-HHS), and BBS were evaluated. Correlation analyses between SWD and the HHS (also f-HHS) and BBS were then applied to the THA patients. RESULTS: The correlations between functional evaluation tools (HHS, f-HHS, BBS) and SWD were weak strength for the static balance task, but moderate for the dynamic STS task. Among the evaluation tools used in the present study, f-HHS was most useful for evaluation of dynamic balance ability. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that use of HHS, f-HHS, and BBS as functional evaluation tools does not provide meaningful information regarding balance ability, but that they are useful for evaluating dynamic balance ability of THA patients. The dynamic balance ability at 3 months after THA seems to be under development.

Although many tests for stabilization of the software have been done, vulnerability test for a system run by combination of the software of various products has not been conducted enough. This has led to increased threats and vulnerability of system. Especially, web-based software system, which is public, has inherent possibility of exposure to attacks and is likely to be seriously damaged by an accident. Consequently, comprehensive and systematic test plans and techniques are required. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a procedure for managing and handling the results of vulnerability test. This paper proposes vulnerability test plans and designs for implementing automated tools, both of which can be complied with on web-based software systems.

The flood of research output and increasing demands for peer reviewers have necessitated the intervention of artificial intelligence (AI) in scholarly publishing. Although human input is seen as essential for writing publications, the contribution of AI slowly and steadily moves ahead. AI may redefine the role of science communication experts in the future and transform the scholarly publishing industry into a technology-driven one. It can prospectively improve the quality of publishable content and identify errors in published content. In this article, we review various AI and other associated tools currently in use or development for a range of publishing obligations and functions that have brought about or can soon leverage much-demanded advances in scholarly communications. Several AI-assisted tools, with diverse scope and scale, have emerged in the scholarly market. AI algorithms develop summaries of scientific publications and convert them into plain-language texts, press statements, and news stories. Retrieval of accurate and sufficient information is prominent in evidence-based science publications. Semantic tools may empower transparent and proficient data extraction tactics. From detecting simple plagiarism errors to predicting the projected citation impact of an unpublished article, AI’s role in scholarly publishing is expected to be multidimensional. AI, natural language processing, and machine learning in scholarly publishing have arrived for writers, editors, authors, and publishers. They should leverage these technologies to enable the fast and accurate dissemination of scientific information to contribute to the betterment of humankind.

This study investigated the use of social media tools by LIS students in Nigerian library schools. In so doing, the study examines the types of social media platforms utilized by Library and Information Science (LIS) students, the most commonly visited sites, and the challenges associated with social media use. A descriptive survey design was employed, and convenient sampling was used to select 248 LIS undergraduate students from five Nigerian universities. A structured questionnaire, validated by experts, was the primary instrument for data collection. The findings reveal that WhatsApp, TikTok and YouTube are the most frequently utilized platforms for communication, content consumption, and interaction, while professional and educational tools like LinkedIn and Microsoft Teams are less commonly used. The most significant challenge faced by students is the high cost of internet access, which limits their engagement with social media. Other challenges include misinformation, poor connectivity, and lack of computer literacy. The study recommends that educational institutions integrate both socially engaging and professional platforms into the academic process and develop policies to make internet access more affordable. Further, promoting digital literacy and responsible social media use is essential for improving student engagement and academic performance.

PURPOSE: A gait assessment is an important component of the rehabilitation process, and observational gait assessment (OGA) is used routinely in clinical settings. This study examined the association of OGA tools with the independent walking ability in stroke patients to determine a cutoff value of the OGA tool according to independence levels of stroke patient gait. METHODS: Two hundred ten hemiparetic stroke patients participated in the study. The independence of gait was identified using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) classifications. The walking ability was assessed using OGA tools (Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment [RVGA], Wisconsin Gait Scale [WGS], Tinetti Gait Scale [TGS], and Functional Gait Analysis [FGA]). RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that among the OGA tools, the FGA correlated with the FAC. The FGA explained approximately 77% of the variance in FAC. In distinguishing the independence levels, the cutoff values were as follows: between FAC 1 and FAC 0 was .5 points; between FAC 2 and lower levels, 5.5; between FAC 3 and lower levels, 11.5; between FAC 4 and lower levels, 14.5; and between FAC 5 and lower levels, 18.5. Items 1, 2, 3, and 10 were identified as explaining most of the variance in the FGA in the stepwise multiple regression. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the FGA is an assessment tool related to the level of gait independence after stroke. Furthermore, the FGA total score can serve as an index of the increase in independence level after stroke.

This study was carried out to examine the awareness and use of social media tools by library and information professionals (LIPs) in selected academic libraries in South-west, Nigeria and the challenges they face in the use of social media technologies. Descriptive survey was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised 217 library and information professionals from 10 selected academic libraries in south-west, Nigeria. A total enumeration technique was used to cover all the library and information professionals, 136 respondents filled and returned the questionnaire, given a response rate of 62.7%. The questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected. The findings show that majority of LIPs possessed a high level of awareness in the use of social media tools. The study also revealed that social network tools were highly used by LIPs in the academic libraries studied and the types of social media used by LIPs was also revealed. The major challenges faced in the use of social media include inadequate power supply, lack of Internet access and time constraints. The paper recommended that to enhance the use of social media by LIPs, there is need for constant awareness of the importance of social media tools to LIPs and libraries in effective service delivery, LIPs should be ready to learn, unlearn and be learned in the use of social media and university libraries should provide enabling environment such as internet connectivity, power supply and policy to guide LIPs in social media usage.

In FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) and CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), machine-tools have been the target of integration in the last three decades. The conventional concept of integration is being changed into the autonomous manufacturing device based on the knowledge evolution by applying advanced information technology in which an open architecture controller, high-speed network and internet technology are included. In the advanced environment, the machine-tools is not the target of integration anymore, but has been the key subject of cooperation. In the near future, machine-tools will be more improved in the form of a knowledge-evolutionary intelligent device. The final goal of this study is to develop an intelligent machine having knowledge-evolution capability and a management system based on internet operability. The knowledge-evolutionary intelligent machine-tools is expected to gather knowledge autonomically, by producing knowledge, understanding knowledge, reasoning knowledge, making a new decision, dialoguing with other machines, etc. The concept of the knowledge-evolutionary intelligent machine is originated from the machine control being operated by human experts' sense, dialogue and decision. The structure of knowledge evolution in M2M (Machine to Machine) and the scheme for a dialogue agent among agent-based modules such as a sensory agent, a dialogue agent and an expert system (decision support agent) are presented in this paper, with intent to develop the knowledge-evolutionary machine-tools. The dialogue agent functions as an interface for inter-machine cooperation. To design the dialogue agent module in an M2M environment, FIPA (Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agent) standard platform and the ping agent based on FIPA are analyzed in this study. In addition, the dialogue agent is designed and applied to recommend cutting conditions and thermal error compensation in a tapping machine. The knowledge-evolutionary machine-tools are expected easily implemented on the basis of this study and shows a good assistance to sensory and decision support agents.

It is important to assess foot posture when investigating the relationship between lower extremity dysfunctions and foot types. Although several measurements of static foot posture have been used, there is no consensus regarding clinical measurements for foot posture. The aim of this study is to explore the differences among navicular drift (NDt), foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), dorsal arch height ratio (DAHR), normal navicular height truncated (NNHt) and to discover the most effective measurement. After foot types were classified by navicular drop test (NDp), clinical measurements of NDt, FPI, AI, DAHR, and NNHt were performed on 64 subjects' feet. ANOVA analysis was used for the variance of the difference between the NDp and the five kinds of clinical measurements, and the level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The results showed that all five clinical measurements demonstrated significant differences with navicular drop. In post-hoc, FPI and NNHt showed significant differences in all foot types. The five clinical measurements are suitable the classification of foot types through the NDp. Therefore, it could be possible to assess correct and objective foot posture by using FPI and NNHt.

Since the advent of ChatGPT, researchers have rapidly adopted generative artificial intelligence (AI) for academic work, with monthly use reported by 69.4% of natural science researchers and 51.2% of medical researchers. This educational article surveys AI tools for literature search and trend analysis, study-oriented article organization, and manuscript drafting and editing, while emphasizing that these tools complement?not replace?critical reading and standard database searches. For discovery and mapping, Research Rabbit and Connected Papers visualize related papers through citation links or content similarity, while Consensus summarizes the direction and strength of evidence addressing a focused research question. Elicit and SciSpace can extract methods and conclusions into structured tabular summaries to support scoping and gap identification, and STORM can generate knowledge maps for topic exploration; Liner offers research agents to support hypothesis generation and literature review. To extend reference-management workflows, the article proposes downloading relevant PDFs, uploading them to a large language model, extracting predefined fields (e.g., design, participants, interventions, outcomes, key statistics, limitations, and DOI) into a CSV file, and importing the output into a Notion database for tagging and tracking reading status. For writing support, SciSpace and Liner provide outline generation, citation assistance, and peer review style checks, whereas Paperpal, Wordvice.ai, and DeepL focus on grammar, paraphrasing, and translation, and Scite contextualizes citations by identifying whether they are supporting or contrasting. Key cautions include manual verification of AI outputs, awareness of English-language bias, avoidance of reliance on a single tool, and protection of manuscript confidentiality; authors must disclose AI use and remain accountable for accuracy. When used judiciously, these tools can streamline screening, summarization, and revision without eroding scholarly judgment.

Since the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genome editing technologies, significant efforts have been made to improve their efficiency and accuracy. Consequently, advanced tools such as base editors (BEs) and prime editors (PEs) have emerged over the past decade. Today, CRISPR, BE, and PE systems are actively employed in treating genetic diseases. Notably, CASGEVY by CRISPR therapeutics?the world’s first gene editing treatment using CRISPR technology?received approval from the Food and Drug Administration of both the United Kingdom and the United States last year. This review highlights recent advancements in various CRISPR technologies for therapeutic applications in genetic diseases.

The emergence of smart devices such as smartphones (e.g., iPhone) and tablets (e.g., iPad) may enhance e-learning by increasing communication and collaborative learning outside the classroom. These devices also facilitate the use of online technologies such as Facebook. However, the adaptation of Learning Management System (LMS) services to mobile devices took longer than social networks or online tools such as Facebook and Twitter have already been long used via smartphone. The main purposes of this study are to explore students' skill levels of LMS (Moodle) and their knowledge of online tools or technologies and then examine if there is a correlation between smartphone use and using of online tools and Moodle in learning. The study conducted among 173 students in the Department of Information Studies (DIS) in Oman, using online survey. The study found that most students demonstrated high levels of accessing course/subject materials and regularly engaging with studies of using LMSs. YouTube, Wikipedia and Facebook were clearly recorded as the most popular sites among students while LinkedIn and Academia.edu were two online tools that had never been heard of by over half of the 142 participants. Emailing and searching are recorded the most popular online learning activities among students. The study concluded that students prefer to use smartphone for accessing these tools rather than using it to access LMSs, while a positive correlation was found between the use of these tools and smartphones, but there was no correlation between smartphones and using LMSs.