Earticle

[목적] 본 연구는 골프선수들의 심리적 강인성의 개념을 탐색하고 이를 토대로 골프선수의 심리적 강인성 척도 를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. [방법] 편의표집법을 활용하여 서울과 경기, 대전, 대구 및 부산에 거주 하는 골프선수를 대상으로 총 615부의 자료가 수집되었다. WINSTEP 3.65과 Mplus 7.4를 통해 PA, ESEM, CFA 및 MCFA분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 ESEM과 CFA, 타당도 및 측정동일성검증은 TLI, RMSEA, AVE, 개념신뢰도를 이 용하였다. [결과] 연구진행결과 골프선수의 심리적 강인성 척도의 요인구조는 2요인(전념, 노력/흥미) 19문항, 4점 척도로 나타났으며 심리적 강인성 척도의 검증력을 검증하기 위한 잠재평균분석결과 성별에 따라 심리적 강인성 척도의 검증력은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골프선수들의 심리적 강인성은 목표달성을 위한 전념과 노력 및 골프에 대한 흥미에 의해 형성되는 것으로 나타났다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to develop the psychological hardness scale of golf player and to examine the validity of the scale. [Method] In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, 615 of them were sampled through the convenience sampling. For analysis, PA, ESEM, CFA, validity analysis and Metric Invariance Testing were carried out by using of WINSTEPS 3.65 and Mplus 7.4 program. The level of statistical significance was all set at ɑ= .05. and ESEM, CFA, and MIT fit was used TLI, RMSEA, AVE, the concept of reliability. [Result] The findings of the study were as follows: First, the factorial structure of PHS was extracted as 2 factors with 19 items. Second, the analysis of LTA on psychological hardness scale according to gender differences was carried, cross validity was fulfilled MIT. [Conclusion] The psychological hardness of golf player is shown to form by commitment and effort/interest to achieve goals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of digital models fabricated by dental scannable stone. Methods: Twenty same cases of stone models(maxillary full arch) were manufactured. Intercanine distance, intermolar distance, two dental arch lengths(right, left), two diagonal of dental arch lengths(right, left) were measured for comparison. Each of ten stone models were measured by digital vernier calipers and scanned by dental scanner. Ten digital models were measured by CAD program. The mean(SDs) values were compared by a Mann- Whitney U test( =0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found at intermolar distance, dental arch length(right)(p>0.05). However, intercanine distance, dental arch length(left) and two diagonal of dental arch lengths(right, left) were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: Stone models fabricated by dental scannable stone showed larger than digital models.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of three-dimensional (3D) facial scan taken with facial scanner and digital photo wrapping on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients had their CBCT scan, two-dimensional (2D) standardized frontal photographs and 3D facial scan obtained on the same day. The facial scans were taken with a facial scanner in an upright position. The 2D standardized frontal photographs were taken at a fixed distance from patients using a camera fixed to a cephalometric apparatus. The 2D integrated facial models were created using digital photo wrapping of frontal photographs on the corresponding CBCT images. The 3D integrated facial models were created using the integration process of 3D facial scans on the CBCT images. On the integrated facial models, sixteen soft tissue landmarks were identified, and the vertical, horizontal, oblique and angular distances between soft tissue landmarks were compared among the 2D facial models and 3D facial models, and CBCT images. Result: The results showed no significant differences of linear and angular measurements among CBCT images, 2D and 3D facial models except for Se-Sn vertical linear measurement which showed significant difference for the 3D facial models. The Bland-Altman plots showed that all measurements were within the limit of agreement. For 3D facial model, all Bland-Altman plots showed that systematic bias was less than 2.0 mm and 2.0° except for Se-Sn linear vertical measurement. For 2D facial model, the Bland-Altman plots of 6 out of 11 of the angular measurements showed systematic bias of more than 2.0°. Conclusion: The facial scan taken with facial scanner showed a clinically acceptable performance. The digital 2D photo wrapping has limitations in clinical use compared to 3D facial scans.

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate whether the size of the changed area included in the registration area affects the validity of superimposition in three-dimensional (3D) images. Materials and Methods: Ten mannequin heads which were sectioned to simulate maxillary and mandibular setback surgery were used. A total of 30 images, including 10 initial images, 10 images after moving both middle and lower faces, and 10 images after moving only lower face, were obtained. The 9 landmarks which consisted of the bilateral and midline landmarks of the upper, middle, and lower faces respectively were used. Each 3D image obtained after simulation was superimposed 3 times according to the different 3 registration areas. The one-way ANOVA and posthoc analysis were performed. Result: In the case of moving middle and lower faces, there was no significant difference in all markers when superimposition was performed based on no changed area and forehead area. However, in the case of superimposition by the whole face, all measurements showed a significant difference (P<0.05) except for Pn (P>0.05). In the case of moving only lower face, all measurements did not show a significant difference regardless of the registration area. Conclusion: The validity of 3D superimposition in 3D images could be affected by the size of changed areas included in the registration area. In the postoperative evaluation of mandibular surgery, the registration area does not affect the accuracy of the 3D superposition. However, after the maxilla-mandibular surgery, the registration area should be set except for the changed soft tissue.

최근에 조직몰입 연구와 관련하여 Meyer와 그의 동료들이 제시한 삼요소 조직몰입모형이 널리 받아들여지고 있다. 이 모형에서 이들은 조직몰입은 정감적, 지속적 및 규범적 몰입의 세 차원으로 나누어지는 것으로 보고 있으며, 이 세 유형의 조직몰입을 측정하기 위한 도구로서 2001년도에 새롭게 수정된 ACS, CCS 및 NCS의 세 척도를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 이들이 최근에 제시한 조직몰입 척도의 2001년도 버전을 대상으로 이 척도들의 측정 속성의 건전성을 경험적으로 탐구하였다. 본 연구를 위한 자료로는 368명으로 구성된 공무원 표본과 370명으로 구성된 IT업체종사자 표본을 사용하였으며, 주된 자료분석방법으로 공분산구조분석방법을 이용하였다. 분석결과 ACS와 CCS는 매우 만족스러운 신뢰도와 수렴 및 판별타당도를 지니는 것으로 나타난 반면에 NCS는 신뢰도와 수렴타당도의 측면에서 만족스럽지 못한 측정 속성을 지니는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이와 같은 연구결과가 갖는 의미 및 조직몰입의 삼차원적 개념화의 문제점을 논의하고, 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Recently, Meyer et al.'s three-component model of organizational commitment is widely used in the research on organizational commitment. In this model, affective, continuance and normative commitment are considered as three components of organizational commitment. In 2001, Meyer et al. developed a new version of commitment scales in order to assess the three components of organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the soundness of the measurement properties of the 2001 version of the commitment scales. For this study, data collected from 368 public officials and 370 IT industry employees were used and convariance structure analysis techniques were utilized. This study found that ACS and CCS had satisfactory reliabilities and adequate convergent and discriminant validities, whereas NCS had unsatisfactory measurement properties in terms of reliability and convergent validity. The meanings of these findings and the conceptual problems with the three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational commitment were discussed and the directions for future research were suggested.