Earticle

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Appraisal words were changed in the initial translation (TT1) and re-translation (TT2) of the songs of the movie Once. As a result of the analysis, the Attitude evaluation words were almost similar in ST, TT1, and TT2, whereas the Graduation evaluation words appeared more in TT2 than in TT1. This can be analyzed because the translator tried to better convey the expression or situation of the characters to the audience in TT2 lyrics translation and to express the emotions of the protagonist effectively. Through audience reviews, we investigated how the audience perceived the difference between the two subtitles. TT1 mainly had a lot of reviews about movie music, but TT2 had a lot of reviews on translation as well as music. For example, a review of the TT2 is as follows; there were many positive reviews about the translation of lyrics in that the translator translated the lyrics as if the audience were reading a poem, helping the audience to be more immersed in the emotions of the characters and better appreciate the movie. Therefore, it is expected that this study can be used as a reference material for the translation of lyrics.

To evaluate the performance of spacecraft angle measurement in jamming, a method of TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking， and Control) monopulse system analysis is proposed in the condition that antenna keeps tracking the target. First, a geometric model of large aperture parabolic antenna is established, and the antenna patterns of sum, azimuth difference and elevation difference channel are derived through EM computation. Next, the positions and the simultaneous visibility of spacecraft and jammer are derived with orbit computation software. Then, formulae to calculate the positions of jammer in the antenna pattern, i.e. the angle of nutation and procession, are derived and used. Once again, according to the positions of spacecraft and jammer that relative to the ground station, the expressions to estimate the power of signal, internal noise, jamming are suggested, which are used to calculate the SNR and correlation coefficient. At last, the performance of the TT&C monopulse system of fix target and single observation is discussed. And the validity and feasibility of the method are verified with BD-2A as the target and X37-B as the Jammer. The proposed method realizes a kind of full path simulation which contains antenna pattern and its sidelobe, motion of target spacecraft and jammer, internal noise of receiver. It is more practical in engineering analysis.

ETRI has successfully completed and delivered to KARI the KOMPSAT Mission Control System. This system was designed to work in the conventional TT&C modulation scheme with the pre-assigned frequencies. As a way to accelerate in catching up with future TT&C technology evolutions, a preliminary study needs to be carried out to prepare for the development of a spread spectrum applicable to TT&C. A brief study was carried out to review some points to be considered in designing and implementing spread spectrum schemes to the ground TT&C system intended for a LEO spacecraft. Also a simulation and link design revisit was performed to see the operational and technical benefits with the KOMPSAT TT&C parameters. An experiment concept is proposed to test as many functions at a time once the prototype is developed. In this configuration, a ground-model TT&C transponder is connected via LAN to the ETRI-developed KOMPSAT S/W simulator and linked to the KOMPSAT TM/TC processing s/w via spread spectrum signals through a GEO satellite bent-pipe link. A satellite data relay link simulation could be carried out in this configuration.

Characteristics of TV News Translation:Focusing on Formality and Politeness Lee, Jiyeon(Ewha Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation) In the age of multimedia, the volume of translation is on a steep rise and the translated or commissioned-to-translate genres are getting varied, ranging from a variety of prints to audio-video texts such as movies, films, soap operas and CD-ROMs. This study focuses on the translating process of audio-video text, especially on TV broadcasting news, which shares a large portion of features and characteristics of written texts. Prints, once published, are fixed in time and space whereas broadcasting TV news is fleeting and temporary. With its video images and sound effects it reaches out far and wide, thus rendering the immense social responsibility to be careful in the choice of words, which should be grammatically right, politically correct and socially acceptable. Otherwise, they are censored. The news writing in English and Korean has in common in terms of simplicity, preciseness, correctness, but differs in the degree of politeness and formality in which Korean TV news is more subject to educational, social functions as opinion leader. The corpus statistics by Kang Buhm-mo of Korea University, a compilation of linguistic usage and its frequency by genre, offers objective testimony of the aforementioned characteristics of Korean TV news language. Far from the guideline of 'simple, concise, and easy to pronounce', the actual language of TV news translation into Korean (TT) shows the frequent usage of Chinese characters and compound nouns, and propensity to use different words for the same meaning, which reflects a higher level of politeness and formality than the English TV news language (ST).