Earticle

Mechanochromism is a stress-induced color change of materials and motivates smart applications such as stress-sensing, material damage-reporting, and information security. The principles to give mechanochromism include mechanophore, aggregation-induced emission, and structural colors. Cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) exhibits a structural color based on its selective reflection of circularly polarized light (CPL). Several cellulose derivatives are capable of expressing ChLC and can be a key component to produce mechanochromic materials. We have recently found that polymerized composites of ChLC solution of ethyl cellulose in acrylic acid demonstrated not only wide-ranging color change but also circular dichroic inversion upon mechanical stimulus at >120°C. Their original color and circular dichroism were recovered by post-thermal treatment. For propionylated hydroxypropyl cellulose, ChLC structure could be immobilized with various monomers, to which the contribution of hydrogen bonding and moderate compatibility was confirmed spectroscopically [Polymer 2019]. The extension of applicable monomers led to wide-ranging control of temperature and stress for mechanochromism expression. Most recently, we have succeeded in elucidating the effect of birefringence to the inversion of CPL handedness and simulating the mechanochromism. Cellulose-based ChLC is thus a promising material for smart mechanochromic material design.

In this paper, we have implemented the reflection type band-rejection filter by employing the 3-㏈ hybrid and the frequency-selective loads. The frequency-selective loads have been achieved with the 3-pole bandpass filter terminated by a 50-ohm load. The reflection type band-rejection filter is less sensitive to unloaded Q-factor of resonator than the conventional one. Measurements and simulations on the presented band-rejection filter in this paper show the excellent performances in passband and rejection-band.

본 연구는 인터넷 및 소셜미디어 상의 뉴스 노출이 이념적으로 일치 또는 불일치하는 가짜 뉴스에 대한 분별 능력에 미치는 영향과, 이에 대한 인지 성찰 능력의 조절 효과를 분석하였다. 이론적 기반으로는 미중 관계의 긴장된 지정학적 맥락 하에서 미디어 프레임 효과와 정치⋅사회적 정체성 이론을 채택하였다. 또한 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 뉴스 노출 방식 중 ‘선택적 일치 뉴스 소비’ 와 ‘우연한 불일치 뉴스 노출’에 집중하였다. 방법론적 측면에서는 중국에 대한호감도가 높은 중국인 응답자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선택적 일치 뉴스 소비는 이념 일치 가짜 뉴스 분별 능력을 감소시키고, 불일치 가짜 뉴스 분별 능력을 증가시켰다. 둘째, 우연한 불일치 뉴스 노출은 두 유형의 가짜 뉴스 분별을 모두 저하시켰다. 셋째, 인지성찰 능력은 이념 불일치 가짜 뉴스 분별에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으나, 이념 일치 가짜 뉴스에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 마지막으로, 인지 성찰 능력은 우연한 불일치 뉴스 노출이 이념 불일치 가짜 뉴스 분별에 미치는 부정적영향을 완화하는 양(+)의 조절 효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 방향성 목표가 가짜 뉴스 분별 과정에서 주요 역할을 한다는 점과, 분별 능력 향상을 위해 방향성 목표를 완화해야 할 필요성을 보여주었다.

This study investigates the effects of online news exposure on the ability to distinguish between ideologically congruent and incongruent fake news, as well as the moderating effect of cognitive reflection ability. The study draws on the media framing effect and political and social identity theories in the context of tense U.S.-China geopolitical relations. It focuses on "selective consumption of congruent news" and "incidental exposure to incongruent news." The survey was conducted among Chinese respondents who favor China. The main findings are as follows: First, selective consumption of ideologically congruent news decreased discrimination of ideologically congruent fake news and increased discrimination of ideologically incongruent news. Second, incidental exposure to incongruent news decreased discrimination of both types of fake news. Third, cognitive reflection ability positively affected the discrimination of ideological incongruent fake news but not ideological congruent fake news. Finally, cognitive reflection ability showed a reinforcing moderating effect, increasing the negative impact of incidental exposure to incongruent news on the discrimination of ideological incongruent fake news. These results suggest that directional goals play a pivotal role in fake news discrimination and that curtailing these goals may improve discrimination.