Earticle

The process of routing in MANET (Mobile ad hoc network) requires a trust based environment and therefore security is one of the major concern. A backbone network in a MANET is difficult when it is implemented for a specific application. A security based environment is one of the most critical issues in a MANET because it is mostly involved with sensitive and secret information. This work deals with a specific type of denial-of-service (DOS) attack called node isolation attack and thus analyze the vulnerabilities of a pro-active routing protocol called optimized link state routing (OLSR). Based on this analysis, this work proposes a mechanism called enhanced OLSR (EOLSR) protocol which is a trust based technique to secure the OLSR nodes against the attack. According to the proposed technique, isolation can be detected by the hello packets it sends. Verification is done through this, whether a node is advertising correct topology information or not thus leading to detection of the isolation node that perform the DOS attack. Enhanced OLSR is further improved using the trust based system called Trustbased OLSR (TOLSR). Once the node is detected as attacker using EOLSR, its trust value is reduced to half of its initial value. Hence in future, selection of attacker as MPR node is prevented since all the nodes will select only high trust node as MPR node. The concept of ensuring security to the network does not involve much computational complexity and therefore, the proposed scheme is a light weight technique.

Ad Hoc network is a multi-hop temporary communication network of mobile nodes equipped with wireless transmitters and receivers without the aid of any current network infrastructure. [1] Due to lack of infrastructure support, security problem in these networks is a challenging issue. There exist previous work that studied the performance of the network under different types of security attacks. In this paper, complementary research by providing more realistic network scenarios such as various protocol used in the network is made. We consider two common types of attacks, black hole attack and gray hole attack, based on both AODV and DSR protocol respectively. We study the performance of the network in different number of malicious nodes and on different protocol via observing the metrics of a connection such as packet delivery ratio, throughput and end-to-end delay. The simulation result shows that the performance of the network based on both routing protocol is similar. It is should be noticed that the end-to-end delay is different in two routing network. The results enable us to put forward some suggestions to minimize the impacts of the above types of attacks in Ad Hoc network.

The present work is dedicated to study attacks and countermeasure in MANET. After a short introduction to what MANETs are and network security we present a survey of various attacks in MANETs pertaining to fail routing protocols. We present the different tools used by these attacks and the mechanisms used by the secured routing protocols to counter them. We also study a mechanism of security, named the reputation, proposed for the MANETs and the protocol which implements it as well as its vulnerabilities. Our work ends with a proposal to fend off some of these attacks like Blackhole cooperative, Blackmail, Overflow, Selfish and an implementation of this solution on a compiler of C named Dev.-C++ in order to make comparative tests with the mechanisms already proposed.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an intelligent network paradigm created by interconnected device networks. Although the importance of IoT systems has increased in various applications, the increasing number of connected devices has made security even more critical. This study presents the ROUT-4-2023 dataset, which represents a step toward the security of IoT networks. This dataset simulates potential attacks on RPL-based IoT networks and provides a new platform for researchers in this field. Using artificial intelligence and machine-learning techniques, a performance evaluation was performed on four different artificial neural network models (convolutional neural network, deep neural network, multilayer perceptron structure, and routing attack detection-fed forward neural network [RaD-FFNN]). The results show that the RaD-FFNN model has high accuracy, precision, and retrieval rates, indicating that it can be used as an effective tool for the security of IoT networks. This study contributes to the protection of IoT networks from potential attacks by presenting ROUT-4-2023 and RaD-FFNN models, which will lead to further research on IoT security.

Routing in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is highly challenging because of harsh underwater conditions, such as deep water, high pressure, and rapid ocean currents. Furthermore, UWSNs are vulnerable to jamming attacks because of their limited bandwidth and battery capacity. Advancements in machine learning enable numerous routing methods to address these problems. Accordingly, we propose a novel max or minimax Q-learning (M-Qubed)-based opportunistic routing method for UWSNs. The method uses an opportunistic routing protocol, in which nodes dynamically select the next relay node by considering the status of their neighbors. Moreover, M-Qubed can maximize the benefits for both players in a two-player repeated game through reinforcement learning. Hence, it can reduce the energy loss caused by jamming attacks during routing, thereby increasing the routing efficiency in UWSNs. Simulation results reveal that the proposed routing scheme is less affected by jamming attacks than existing state-of-the-art routing methods. In addition, it can balance energy consumption across the nodes in a UWSN.

자원의 제한을 가지는 센서로 구성된 무선 센서 네트워크에 적용하기 위하여 in-networking 프로세싱과 에너지 효율성을 제공하는 다양한 방식의 라우팅 프로토콜들이 제안되고 있다. 반면, 무선 센서 네트워크를 대상으로 하는 다양한 공격 형태들 또한 등장하고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크상에서의 라우팅 프로토콜은 기존의 라우팅 방식과 달리 in-networking 프로세싱을 제공하기 때문에 라우팅 프로토콜에 대한 안전성 평가는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 현재 무선 센서 네트워크상에서 제안된 라우팅 프로토콜과 공격에 대하여 살펴보고 각각의 공격에 대한 각 라우팅 프로토콜의 안전성을 평가한다. 이는 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 새로운 라우팅 프로토콜 제안 시 보안 취약점을 효과적으로 해결할 수 있는 방향을 제시 할 수 있다.

무선 센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드의 취약점으로 인해 공격자는 쉽게 훼손된 노드를 만들어 센서 네트워크를 공격한다. DoS 공격에 해당하는 플로딩 공격은 노드의 에너지 손실과 경로 상의 노드의 에너지를 전부 소비시켜 네트워크 수명이 단축된다. 본 논문에서 제안 기법은 노드의 에너지가 적은 지역에서 다중경로 라우팅을 적용해 각 노드의 부하를 줄이고 네트워크 수명을 증가시키는 보안기법을 제안한다.