Earticle

본 논문에서는 저궤도 중형급 위성에 장착에 적합한 isoflux 방사패턴을 갖는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 제안하 였다. 제안된 안테나는 isoflux 방사패턴 특성을 얻기 위해 패치 아래의 접지면을 사다리꼴 모양으로 변형시켜 패치 끝 의 개구면과 접지면 사이에 발생되는 프린징 필드를 조절하였다. 그리고 후방으로 방사되는 레벨을 줄이기 위해서 패치 안테나 양 끝에 cavity wall을 채택하였다. 끝으로 패치의 길이와 급전점을 조절하여 원형편파를 발생시켰다. 설계된 안 테나는 S-band uplink(2.025 ~ 2.110 GHz)를 수용하도록 설계하였으며, 접지면을 포함한 안테나의 전체 크기는 160 mm × 160 mm × 40 mm (1.1λ × 1.1λ × 0.3λ, λ은 2.068 GHz의 공기 중 한 파장)를 가진다. 또한 –10 dB 대역폭은 90 MHz(4.4 %)로 목표주파수 대역을 만족시키며, 3 dB이하 축비대역폭은 18 MHz(0.9 %)로 측정되었고, 방사패턴은 isoflux 형태를 가지며, y축 편파 E-plane 46°에서 최대 5.31 dBi의 이득이 측정되었다.

In this paper, a microstrip antenna with isoflux radiation patterns is presented for Low Earth Orbit(LEO) medium-sized satellites. Because of making isoflux patterns, the ground of proposed antenna under the patch was transform into a trapezoid for adjusting fringing field between the patch and ground. Next, the cavity walls were located at end of the ground for reducing back radiation. The proposed antenna was designed to receive S-band uplink(2.025 ~ 2.110 GHz) and the dimensions of the designed antenna with the ground are 160 mm × 160 mm × 40 mm(1.1λ × 1.1λ × 0.3λ, λ is the free-space wavelength at 2.068 GHz). Measured –10 dB bandwidth was 90 MHz(4.4 %) and it covers the required system bandwidth. Also, measured 3 dB axial ratio was 18 MHz(0.9 %). On the other hand, measured radiation patterns were isoflux patterns and its measured gain was 5.31 dBi at E-plane 46° in the y-axis pol.

This paper presents a tri-band rectangular slotted circular micro strip antenna for wideband applications. The antenna operates at 2.96, 6.42 and 7.33 GHz frequency bands for VSWR<1 with an improved impedance bandwidth of 41.23%. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4 with an overall size of 50 × 40 × 3.5 mm3. The study of bandwidth improvement is presented in this paper by introducing the slots on surface of circular patch. The measured bandwidths for -10 dB reflection coefficient are 410 MHz (2.80-3.21 GHz) and 3.07 GHz (5.91-8.98 GHz). The simulated results show that the proposed antenna provides good performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern for wideband applications.

본 논문에서는 휴대폰에 사용되는 Multi-band 용 helical antenna 의 radiation pattern 을 체적화하기 위한 방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 일반적으로 GSM 휴대폰에 사용되는 안테나는 GSM, DCS 의 dual band 인 경우가 다수이며 추세에 따라 요즘은 PCS 등을 포함한 triple band 의 안테나가 많이 선호되고 있다. 이러한 multi band antenna 의 radiation pattern 에 영향을 미치는 변수로 본 논문에서는 ground 의 length 와 width 그리고 폴더쪽에 사용되는 LCD 의 ground 와 폴더쪽 기구물에 사용된 EMI spray 등의 변화를 통해 pattern 의 변화를 알아보고 이러한 변수를 조절하여 radiation pattern을 최적화하는 방법에 관하여 논하였다.

This paper presents the results of the numerical simulation of a multibeam active phased array antenna for a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS). The simulation takes into account the random errors caused by the non-identity of the array elements and the inaccuracy of the antenna calibration. The results of our statistical simulation show that the strict requirements on the sidelobe envelope for HAPSs can be met when the amplitude and phase distribution errors are minor, a condition which may be achieved by using digital beamforming.

This paper present the characteristics of radiation pattern of microstrip slot antenna on the ground plane fed by microstrip line. It is proposed for resonance frequency at 10 GHz. We will analysis two shape of slot antenna; double L-shape slot antenna and U-shape slot antenna. In this case, we will compare far-field radiation pattern of two shape slot antenna. Far-field radiation pattern of double L-shape slot antenna is bi-directional nevertheless U-shape slot antenna is uni-directional. The microstrip slot antenna is propose to analyze far-field radiation pattern for use in the wireless communication systems

In this paper, an ultra-wideband internal antenna for use in mobile applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has symmetrical bi-arm structures printed on the top and bottom of the substrate, and it occupies a compact area of 10 mm ${\times}$ 10 mm ${\times}$ 1 mm. The designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth from 3 GHz to 12 GHz and near omnidirectional radiation patterns over the frequency band of interest. The group delay between two antennas fabricated using the proposed design is less than 0.8 ns, and the maximum gain variation is about 3.16 dB.

Three kinds of rock specimen containing the straight notch were selected to be used in this research. Source mechanism of micro-crack by radiation pattern based on dislocation theory was estimated by the first motion of longitudinal wave, spatial distribution between the location of transducers for monitoring acoustic emission, and source coordinates determined by the application of the least square method. Result of analysis showed that the orientation of crack surfaces due to shear dislocation and tensile dislocation squares considerably coincided with crack direction visually observed. And result of analyzing attenuation property using the first motion of longitudinal wave out of surface pulse input and cracks due to tension and shear force based on dislocation theory revealed that attenuation constant has the greatest value in granite, less in sandstone and the smallest in marble.

In this paper, we compare the quality of images reconstructed by a conventional delayed-sum (DS) algorithm and radiation pattern-based DS algorithm. In order to evaluate the quality of images, we apply the target-to-clutter ratio (TCR), which is commonly used in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image assessment. The radiation pattern-based DS algorithm enhances the TCR of the image by focusing the target signals and preventing contamination of the radar scene. We first consider synthetic data obtained through GprMax2D/3D, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) forward solver. Experimental data of a 2-GHz bandwidth stepped-frequency signal are collected using a vector network analyzer (VNA) in an anechoic chamber setup. The radiation pattern-based DS algorithm shows a 6.7-dB higher TCR compared to the conventional DS algorithm.

Land seismic reflection survey has been increasingly demanded in various civil engineering works because of its own ability to delineate layers, water table, to detect cavities or fracture zones, to estimate seismic velocities of each layer. However, our shallow subsurface structures are very complex. The relatively thin layer(mostly soil) to the wavelength directly followed by a basic rock with high impedance used to generate complicated surface waves, kind of channel waves with high amplitude that is dominate in entire seismograms and hence the useful reflection events will be almost hopelessly immersed in the undesired surface waves. Thus, it would seem that the use of traditional seismic survey could not be likely to provide in itself a satisfactory information about our exploration targets. This paper hence introduces an efficient measuring strategy illustrating a properly controlled arrangement of the vertical single force sources commonly used, yielding a very sharply elongated form of P-energy with a minimum of S radiation energy, what we call, P-beam source. Abundant experiments of physical modeling showed that in that way the surface waves could be enormously reduced and the reflection events would be additive and thus reinforced. Examples of field data are also illustrated. The contribution of P-beam source will be great in civil engineering area as well as in general geological exploration area.

This is concerned with the radiation pattern of elastic waves in a plate generated by an orientation-adjustable patch-type magnetostrictive transducer. In general, not only the Lamb waves but also shear horizontal (SH) waves are produced by the deformation of the circular magnetostrictive patch bonded to a plate. Among the two types of waves, this paper investigates the radiation patterns of SH waves. A number of experimental results are presented. They are also accurately predicted by a theory developed by the present authors. Experimental findings were explained by a theoretical analysis.

This paper presents a design of the directional radiation pattern by using the structural-acoustic interaction. For this purpose, prediction of the pressure distribution of the field points and radiation pattern of the structural-acoustic coupling system is shown. In order to get a strong coupling, coupled system that has a finite space and a semi-infinite space separated by two flexible walls and an opening is selected. A volume interaction can be occurred in structure boundary and a pressure interaction can be happened in the opening boundary. The coupled system is maximized the radiation power on the main axis and minimized the side lobe level.

In this paper, we simulated a radiation pattern directivity of microstrip patch antenna for 9[GHz] using the computer. It is analyzed and compared the directivity of field characteristics at two different aspects. One is that of 1-dimension and 2-dimension array, the other is that of a linear and planar array antenna. We tried the constants for the simulation of teflon substrate, dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}r=2.50$, ground plane conductor thickness t=0.03556, substrate height h=0.72188, dielectric loss degree $tan{\delta}$=0.00085, characteristics impedence of line $Zo=50({\Omega})$. The major advantage of microstrip patch antenna is that the arrangement of antenna is associated with the directivity and effectiveness. We have been studied the difference of the radiation pattern of antenna with wave variety through computer simulation.

This paper presents a novel method to estimate radiation pattern distortion by radome using GPGPU(General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit)-based IPO(Iterative Physical Optics). IPO has been widely used to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of radome because it can accurately interpret the various effects caused by multiple reflections occurring on the inner wall of the radome. However, the conventional CPU-based IPO consumes huge amount of computation time due to its recursive electromagnetic operations in many meshes. To solve this problem, GPGPU is applied to accelerate IPO by performing the calculation in each mesh in parallel. Simulation results show the proposed method can analyze the radiation pattern distortion efficiently without loss of accuracy.

본 논문에서는 다층매질 안에 위치한 안테나의 방사특성을 해석하고 있다. 접지면이 없는 유전체 기판에 인쇄된 안테나의 경우, 매질의 구성은 공기층을 포함하여 3층매질이 되며 이러한 3층매질의 Green 함수은 Sommerfeld적분식으로 표현되기 때문에 해석이 매우 복잡해진다. 그러나 안테나위 방사특성을 해석하는데 있어서는 적분식의 조건이 잘 일치한다면 Sadddle-point법을 이용하여 근사할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 근사법을 적용하여 접지면이 없는 유전체 기판에 놓인 각종 안테나의 방사패턴 특성을 해석한다. 또한 기판으로 사용하는 유전체의 파라미터를 달리하여 방사특성을 검토한다.

The paper deals with the analysis of radiation characteristics of antenna in the multi-layered media structures. The dyadic Green's function for three layer medium is complex because the Green's functions belonging to the kernel of the integral equation are expressed as Sommerfeld integrals, in which surface wave effects are automatically included. When certain condition are met, the integral can be evaluated approximated by the method of Saddle-point integration. In this study, we propose a method to calculate a radiation pattern for several antennas by using the method of Saddle-point integration. Numerical results show how the radiation characteristics are affected by parameter of dielectric media.

광 밴드 갭(photonic band gap)을 가지는 광 결정(photonic crystal)을 이용하여 만들어진 미세 공진기(micro-resonator)를 통해 상온 연속 동작하는 레이저가 최근 개발되었다. 이 미세 공진기는 이득매질(gain medium)이 성장된 반도체의 기판방향과 기판에 수직한 방향을 각각 이차원 광 결정과 판 도파로(slab waveguide) 구조의 전반사를 이용하여 제한하는 구조이다 이러한 광 밴드 갭 공진기의 공진 모드는 그 동안 계산적인 방법을 통해 이론적으로 연구되어 왔으며, 직접 모드의 특성을 측정하는 실험의 필요성이 크게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광 밴드 갭에 의해 형성된 2차원 미세 공진기내에서 레이저 발진된 모드의 특성을 먼장 영역(far-field regime)에서 측정 분석한 결과를 보고한다. (중략)

In this paper, it tried to observe the relationship of radiation pattern and the polarization of the PCB. First, through the PCB trace structure analysis which is various it leads, it analyzes the feature of the DM/CM and provides the interrelation of far-field radiation pattern and the D/V polarization. Also, like this interrelation it leads, it proposes the PCB pattern plan for a decreasing of EMI.