Earticle

본 연구에서는 천연 고분자인 키토산과 목초액을 결합하여 목초액-키토산 응집제의 물리적 및 화학적 성질을 검토하여 최적 반응 조건을 찾아 내고 응집제로서의 성능을 연구하였다. 또한, 준설 오탁수와 하수처리장 1 차침전지에 적용하여 오염물질 처리에 대한 적용성을 연구하였다. 목초 액-키토산 응집제의 화학적 성질을 검토하고자 FT-IR을 측정한 결과, C=C, CH3, CO2의 peak 흡수띠가 나타나 초산과 비슷한 구조의 유기화합물 로 이루어진 것을 알 수 있었다. 준설오탁수를 원수로 하여 실험한 결과, 저농도 원수의 경우 최적 응집제 주입량 일 때 탁도 80%, CODCr 44%, T-N 60%, T-P 60%의 제거율을 나타내었다. 고농도 원수의 경우 최적 응집 제 주입량 일 때 탁도 99.8%, CODCr 80%, T-N 90%, T-P 80%의 제거 율을 나타내었다. 목초액-키토산 응집제의 중금속 제거율 실험 결과 Hg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, K+, Na+의 제거율이 50% 이상으로 나타났으며, 특히 Al3+과 Fe2+에서 90% 이상의 제거율이 나타났다. 또한 Zn2+ 역시 70% 이 상으로 나타나, 본 연구에서 사용한 목초액-키토산 응집제는 특히 Al3+, Fe2+, Zn2+ 이온의 회수에 적절할 것으로 사료되며, 준설 시 용출된 중금 속 제거에도 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 목초액과 키토산을 결 합한 천연고분자응집제는 PAC나 Alum과 같은 기존 응집제에 비하여 처리 수에 알루미늄과 같은 인체에 유해한 물질을 남기지 않으며, 생분해도 가 높고, 다양한 콜로이드성 부유물의 응결에 효과적이기 때문에 주로 고 탁도 문제가 발생하는 우리나라에 적합한 응집제라 판단된다.

This study intended to find the optimal reaction conditions by examining physical and chemical characteristics of pyroligneous liquorchitosan coagulants by combining their natural high molecules and coagulant's performance. In addition, the applicability to the pollutants treatment was studied by applying to dredge muddy water and effluent from primary sedimentation tank of sewage treatment plant. The peak absorption band of C=C, CH3, and CO2 was analyzed to examine chemical characteristics of pyroligneous liquor-chitoasn coagulant. FT- IR measurement showed that pyroligneous liquor-chitosan coagulant is composed of organic compounds similar to acetic acid. According to the test result by using dredge muddy water as original water, the low- concentrated original water showed removal efficiencies with 80% of turbidity, 44% of CODCr, and 90% of T-P, respectively. Also, low- concentrated dredge muddy water and high-concentrated muddy water provided the concentration gap by approx. According to the result on the heavy metal removal efficiency of pyroligneous liquor-chitosan coagulants, the removal efficiency of Hg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, K+, and Na+showed more than 50%, and particularly more than 90% from Al3+ and Fe2+. Also, with more than 70% shown from Zn2+, it is considered that pyroligneous liquor-chitosan coagulants are suitable to retrieve ions of Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ in particular, as well as suitable to remove the heavy metal when dredging. Consequently, it is considered through this study, that natural high molecule coagulants combined with pyroligneous liquor and chitosan doesn't leave harmful substances to human bodies such as aluminum of treated water, compared to existing coagulants, and they are suitable for our country having high turbidity because of higher raw degradability and effective coagulation of various colloidal floating particles.

이 연구에서는 소경목 및 불량목 등 목재폐잔재가 발생하는 산지에서 이들을 활용하여 목탄･목초액을 생산할 수 있는 이동식 조립식 탄화로를 개발하고 실용화하는 데 필요한 경제성을 분석하였다.경제성분석을 위해서B/C율을 사용하였고 가격과 이자율의 변화에 따른 감응도 분석을 하였다. 우리나라 실정에 맞는 이동식 조립식 탄화로의 형태는 운전,탄화시간,제품의 질,수집능력 등을 고려했을 때 원통형인 것으로 나타났다.적정 규모는3단 규모에 총중량 400 kg, 크기는 2(직경) × 2.4 m(높이), 1 Batch 당 탄재량은 1,500 kg, 목탄생산량은 300 kg, 목초액은 45 ℓ, 탄화소요시간은 48-52시간,장치의 수명은5년이다. 탄화로의 수익성분석결과 1대를 설치하고 Batch를 100회(300일), 80회(24일), 70회(210일)로 할 경우 어느 경우라도B/C율이1보다 큰 것으로 나타났다.수익이 발생하는 시점은100회 및 80회는 모두 4년, 70회는 5년부터인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 발생하는 수익액이 작아 최소 2대를 운용해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 산지에서 생산되는 제품가격은 최소 목탄은 kg당 750원, 목초액은 ℓ당 700원이 되어야 매년 수익이 발생하여 경제성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was designed to analyze the economic efficiency that is needed to develop and make practical application of a mobile carbonization apparatus, which are able to make wood charcoals and pyroligneous liquid at the logging field with debris. B/C ratio was employed to make an economic analysis, and sensitivity analysis with respect to change in price and interest rates also was made. Cylindrical type is the proper type for the mobile carbonization apparatus, when important factors such as handling capacity, a carbonization time, quality of products and assembling ability were considered. It weighs 400 kg, and a three-step fold-up equipment. The size of 2 (diameter) by 2.4 m (height) carbonization equipment required 1,500 kg wood debris per batch. A forty-eight to fifty-two carbonization time produced 300 kg of wood charcoal and 45 ℓ of pyroligneous liquid. The average life span of the apparatus was 5 years. If the private enterprise operated 100 batch, 80 batch, and 70 batch with one apparatus, the B/C ratio of them was greater than 1, indicating that the production is economically feasible. The period to achieve a break-even point required to be 4 years in case of 100 and 80 batches to 5 years in case of 70 batch. But the private enterprises should operate at least two apparatus for the profits. Also, if the production was to be profitable, the prices of wood charcoals and pyroligneous liquid should be at least 750 won per kg and 700 won per liter.

Pyroligneous liquid(PL) is produced by carbonizing Oak in 350-40$0^{\circ}C$. It is traditionally used for treating stress-related disorder, hepatic disease, immune disorder, G-I disorder and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to investigate anti-stress effects of PL. The experiments were performed with the use of young(9 weeks of age) male rats of SD strain and the male ICR mice (20-25 g). Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng, diazepam(BZ) and PL supplementary group were orally administered once a day 100 g of Ginseng extract-kg body weight, 5 mg of BZ/kg body weight and 1 ml of PL100 g body weight and then exposed to stress. The mice of the Ginseng, BZ and PL supplementary group were given water containing 100 g of Ginseng extract/100 ml potable water, 5 mg of BZ/kg 100 ml of drinking water and 10 ml of PL/100 ml of drinking water and exposed to stress. Animals were given materials for 7 days after stabilizing them, and then were given supplementary materials for 5 days with stress. They were stressed by immobilization for 30 minutes and then the animals were exposed to electroshocks for 5 minutes. We recorded stress-related behavioral changes of experimental animals by stressing them using the Etho-vision system and measured the levels of corticosterone in blood While stress suppressed locomotor activity of animals, PL-supplementation partially blocked the stress effect of locomotion in rats and mice, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, smelling and rearing activity in rats and freezing, grooming, tailing and rearing in mice. The staying time of stressed rats and mice in open area decreased and in closed area it increased relatively in elevated plus maze test. However, these changes also partially were blocked by PL-supplementation. PL-supplementation decreased levels of blood corticosterone increased by stress in rats. These results suggest that PL protects partially the living organism from stress attack in some cases.

악취 발생원은 하수ㆍ분뇨처리장, 매립지 등 각종 환경기초시설에서부터 석유화학단지, 각종 산업시설, 그리고 농촌의 축사에 이르기까지 우리 생활주변에 널리 분포되어 있다. 탈취시설은 일반적으로 분뇨처리장을 제외하고는 보편화되어 있지 않으며, 특히 일반 농촌 축사의 경우는 탈취 시설이 전무한 상태로서 축사에서 발생하는 악취로 인한 주민 민원 발생이 증가하고 있다. 특히 축분의 대사과정에서 주로 발생되는 악취인 암모니아는 강한 악취성분의 하나로 배설된 분뇨에서 미생물의 유기물 분해에 의해 암모늄이 생성되고, 생성된 암모늄은 암모니아 가스로 대기중으로 휘산되어 강한 악취를 발생시킨다.$^{1)}$ (중략)