Earticle

In this research, a new piston pinhole boring machine for simultaneous 3-axis machining using linear motor and tilting unit is developed. We propose a new method that combines the linear motor and tilting unit to overcome the limitations of existing techniques. By using the linear motor, we suggest oval machining of piston pin holes. The horizontal reciprocating motion of the linear motor allows for oval machining, creating horizontal or vertical ovals on the pin holes based on the spindle tool's rotation angle. For profile machining of piston pin holes, we propose the use of a tilting unit that converts servo motor motion into linear motion. The vertical motion of the tilting unit enables profile machining, allowing the spindle tool connected to it to translate vertically during spindle rotation and shape the pin holes. To ensure simultaneous oval and profile machining, we suggest channel synchronization, separating the oval and profile machining channels. Synchronizing these channels enables both oval and profile machining to be performed simultaneously on the pin holes. In summary, this research aims to develop a piston pinhole boring machine that effectively utilizes the linear motor and tilting unit for accurate and productive pin hole machining, achieving simultaneous 3-axis machining.

목적: 본 연구는 한국판 감각프로파일 2(K-SP2)를 사용하여 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) 아동의 구강감각처리 능력 및 특성을 확인하고 다른 감각처리 영역과의 상관관계를 확인하는것이다. 연구방법: 대상 아동은 서울, 청주, 대전시 3개 재활병원 및 발달센터에 내원하는 3~7세 ASD 82명을대상으로 K-SP2를 활용하여 구강감각처리의 세부적인 특징을 파악하고 다른 감각처리 영역과의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 결과: ASD 아동의 보호자가 느끼는 주관적인 섭식장애 유병률은 29.3%(24명)이었다. 응답 빈도가 높은구강감각처리 항목은 5점 중 3점인 “절반 이상” 이상 응답자 기준 “편식을 한다(57.4%)”, “특정한 맛선호(56.1%)”, “특정한 음식, 맛, 냄새 선호(47.5%)” 순이었다. 빈도가 낮은 항목은 “또래에 비해 혀나입술을 더 많이 문다(15.8%)”, “먹을 수 없는 사물의 냄새를 맡는다(19.4%)”였다. 구강감각처리 총점및 하위 항목은 대부분의 감각처리 영역과 유의미한 상관을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 ASD 아동의 구강감각처리 능력 및 주요 특성, 구강감각처리와 다른 감각처리 능력(청각, 촉각, 움직임 등)과의 유의미한 상관을 확인하였다. ASD 아동은 감각 패턴에 따라 다양한 양상을나타냈다. 다양한 구강감각처리 능력에 어려움이 있으며 다른 감각처리 영역과의 연관성이 확인된만큼 ASD 아동의 섭식 중재에 있어 복합적인 감각처리 영역에서의 능력을 확인하고 특히 구강감각처리능력이 포함된 보다 체계적이고 전문적인 평가 및 적절한 치료가 제공되어야 할 것이다.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the oral sensory processing abilities and characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Korean version of the Sensory Profile 2 (K-SP2) and to examine correlations with other sensory processing areas. Methods: Eighty-two children with ASD (aged 3?7 years) were recruited from two child rehabilitation hospitals and one child development center. Detailed characteristics of oral sensory processing and relationships among other sensory areas were identified using the K-SP2. Results: The prevalence of feeding disorders among children with ASD was 29.3% (n = 24) based on caregivers' reports. Oral sensory processing items with high frequencies included “is a picky eater” (57.4%), “shows a strong preference for certain tastes” (56.1%). Less frequent items included “bites tongue or lips” (15.8%) and “smells nonfood objects” (19.4%). Most oral sensory processing items were significantly correlated with other sensory processing areas. Conclusion: This study identified key oral sensory processing characteristics in children with ASD, revealing diverse patterns significantly associated with other sensory areas (including auditory, tactile, and movement). For interventions addressing feeding problems in ASD, a complex evaluation of multiple sensory areas is required. A more systematic and professional evaluation, including oral sensory processing abilities and appropriate treatment, should be provided.

이 연구는 정보처리 과정의 편파가 의사결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 개인의 정보처리와 집단의 정보처리를 하나의 연속적인 과정으로 이해하고 각 단계에서 나타나는 정보처리 편파가 궁극적으로 집단의 의사결정의 질에 부정적으로 작용하는지 조사하였다. 개인적 정보처리의 편파로는 정보표집, 정보평가, 정보통합의 문제를 그리고 집단 단위에서는 정보교환과 의사결정의 문제들을 살펴보고 이들이 결과적으로 집단의 의사결정에 어떻게 연관되는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과 개인은 주어진 모든 정보를 다 이용하지 않고 주관적으로 중요한 소수의 정보를 중심으로 의사결정을 하며, 체계적 정보처리보다 직관적 정보처리가 더 우수한 의사결정을 가능케 하는 것으로 나타났다. 집단의 의사결정에서도 정보처리의 편파가 나타나 집단토론 시에 모든 정보가 동등하게 교환되지 않고, 공유정보를 비공유정보보다 더 빈번히 언급하고 더 중요한 것으로 판단하며, 또한 초기 의사결정을 고수하려는 확증편파도 나타났다. 위의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 개인 및 집단의 의사결정의 과정의 문제들을 개관하였으며 이를 통해 집단의 의사결정의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 대처방안을 모색해 보았다.

Although groups have potentials of superior decision making than individuals on the basis of diverse sources and therefore a more complete information base, they do not always make better decisions than individuals. The present study examined influence of biased information processing on decision making. We regarded the process of decision making of individuals and of groups as a single continuous process. It was assumed that at each stage of decision making, the biased information processing would eventually impact on the quality of decision negatively. As factors which affect the quality of decision making, are included such as bias in information sampling, evaluating, integrating up to choosing the correct option, and bias in information exchanging and integrating in group decision making. Result suggested that individuals focus on a small number of subjective important informations for decision rather than use all given informations; moreover intuitive information processing enables better decision than systematic processing. Furthermore, not all informations are exchanged equivalent in group discussion, instead, shared informations are mentioned more frequently and deemed more important than unshared. It showed also confirmatory bias for the information which is consistent with the initial decision. Based on the result of the above study, some ways to improve group decision making are discussed.

The person's behaviors are interactive with sensory processing ability. So sensory processing ability is very important. Most of tools which evaluate sensory processing are developed for the child. But sensory integrated problems are not restricted to the child. It is possible for sensory integrative problems to happen independent of the intellectual level and the social stratum. And sensory integrative problems are distributed in all age. Adults who have a sensory defensiveness use various coping strategies. But it does not solve a basic sensory defensive problem. Previous studies reported the fact that the sensory integrative treatment has a high treatment effect in these people. In this paper, we present the necessity for adult's sensory processing evaluating tool. We introduces Adolescent/Adult Sensory profile to be translated into Korean. It will discriminate adults who have sensory defensiveness from adult. It will provide these people with the suitable help.

본 연구는 2022년 4월부터 11월까지 아동용 Sensory Profile을 이용하여 일반아동과 장애아동 간의 감각처리 능력을 비교. 분석하고, 우리나라의 실정에 맞는 표준화 작업의 필요성을 알아보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 그 결과 첫째, 일반아동과 장애아동 간의 감각처리 기능에서 감각영역과 감각요인 모두 집단간 차이가 있었으며, 사회반응과 감각반응 그리고 정서적 반응을 제외한 모든 기능에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .05). 둘째, 미국 기준표와 비교하였을 때, 일반아동의 경우 감각영역과 요인의 모든 항목에서 정상군에 높게 나타났지만, 근긴장(25%). 사회적반응, 반응시작은 오히려 의심과 장애군에 21%가 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. 장애아동의 경우, 앉아서활동(60%), 감각추구·미세한동작(43%), 구강감각(40%), 활동단계(67%), 시각(53%), 감각처리(43%), 청각·반응시작(40%)등은 정상군 범주에 포함되는 것으로 나타났으나, 신체자세와 감각반응은 장애군으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 현재 사용되고 있는 기준표로 아동의 감각기능을 해석하기보다는 우리나라의 실정에 맞게 표준화 작업과 함께 문항이 새롭게 재구성 되도록 계속적인 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study, conducted from April to November 2022, was to compare sensory processing abilities between general children and children with disabilities using the Child Sensory Profile, and to assess the need for standardization that suits the Korean context. Results showed significant differences between general children and children with disabilities in sensory sections and factors related to sensory processing abilities. Statistically significant differences were found in all functions except social response, sensory response, and emotional response (p < .05). Comparing with US standards, general children showed higher scores in all items of sensory sections and factors, except for muscular tension (25%) and social response, where 21% were classified under the suspected disability group. Children with disabilities were classified within the typically developing range in several sections: sitting activities (60%), sensory seeking and fine motor movements (43%), oral sensory issues (40%), activity levels (67%), visual processing (53%), sensory processing (43%), auditory responses and response initiation (40%). However, they exhibited higher rates of atypical posture and sensory responses. Therefore, ongoing research is needed to continuously reconstruct items tailored to the Korean context and conduct standardization efforts, rather than interpreting children's sensory functions based on currently used standards

Nanoscale semiconductor plasma processing has become one of the most challenging issues due to the limits of physicochemical fabrication routes with its inherent complexity. The mission of future and emerging plasma processing for development of next generation semiconductor processing is to achieve the ideal nanostructures without abnormal profiles and damages, such as 3D NAND cell array with ultra-high aspect ratio, cylinder capacitors, shallow trench isolation, and 3D logic devices. In spite of significant contributions of research frontiers, these processes are still unveiled due to their inherent complexity of physicochemical behaviors, and gaps in academic research prevent their predictable simulation. To overcome these issues, a Korean plasma consortium began in 2009 with the principal aim to develop a realistic and ultrafast 3D topography simulator of semiconductor plasma processing coupled with zero-D bulk plasma models. In this work, aspects of this computational tool are introduced. The simulator was composed of a multiple 3D level-set based moving algorithm, zero-D bulk plasma module including pulsed plasma processing, a 3D ballistic transport module, and a surface reaction module. The main rate coefficients in bulk and surface reaction models were extracted by molecular simulations or fitting experimental data from several diagnostic tools in an inductively coupled fluorocarbon plasma system. Furthermore, it is well known that realistic ballistic transport is a simulation bottleneck due to the brute-force computation required. In this work, effective parallel computing using graphics processing units was applied to improve the computational performance drastically, so that computer-aided design of these processes is possible due to drastically reduced computational time. Finally, it is demonstrated that 3D feature profile simulations coupled with bulk plasma models can lead to better understanding of abnormal behaviors, such as necking, bowing, etch stops and twisting during high aspect ratio contact hole etch.

본 논문에서는 생활 스포츠 콘텐츠 기반의 프로파일 처리 알고리즘에 대하여 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 맞춤형 생활 스포츠 콘텐츠를 추천을 위해 필요한 연구이며, 추천의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 선행되어야 할 연구이다. 그래서 제안한 알고리즘은 추천 시 고려되는 동적 정보를 포함하는 동적 프로파일을 처리하고, 추천 분류에 따라 변화되는 가중치 값을 처리할 수 있는 동적 프로파일 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 프로파일 처리 알고리즘은 콘텐츠 추천의 만족도 향상을 기대한다.

In this paper, we propose the profile processing algorithm based on in-life sports contents. The proposed algorithm is required research for recommending to sport for all contents, and is preceding research to improve reliability of recommendation. So the proposed algorithm processing dynamic profile based on dynamic information for recommendation, and processing weight values that depending on dynamic recommendation classification. The proposed profile processing algorithm is expected to improve satisfaction of contents recommendation.

본 연구에서는 언어장애 아동이 지닌 의미, 음운, 형태, 구문, 화용론의 언어학적 문제가 발달과정에서 기억, 학습, 구어운동, 청각처리 등의 문제와 어떤 관련성이 있는지를 문헌을 통해 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단순언어장애 아동의 언어결함을 인지 및 정보처리적 관점에서 연구한 국외 논문 중 2000∼2014년 사이의 문헌을 분석하였다. 3세∼17세 학령전기에서 청소년기에 걸쳐 단순언어장애의 어휘, 문법, 음운·형태, 구문·통사, 읽기, 담화, 화용 영역은 기억 용량의 부하 및 학습 측면, 그리고 청각적 처리와 구어운동 기술에 따라 결함을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 많은 연구들에서는 비구어 지능뿐 아니라 정보처리과정 상의 다양한 조건을 제시하기 위한 여러 과제를 연령에 따라 실시하고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 단순언어장애 아동의 언어결함을 첫째, 인지 및 학습, 둘째, 기억, 셋째, 청각적 처리, 넷째, 처리속도와 용량의 측면에서 논의하였다. 이러한 언어결함과 정보처리적 접근의 분석을 통해 발달과정에서 다양한 결함프로파일을 보일 수 있는 언어장애 아동에 대한 다각적인 이해가 가능할 것이라 믿는다. 또한 언어장애를 지닌 특수아동의 치료 및 교육에 있어서도 직접적인 언어 결함뿐만 아니라 언어에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 언어처리과정에서의 접근까지도 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to review the recent research trends regarding children with specific language impairment(SLI). The study investigated linguistic issues among memory, learning, oral motor, and auditory processing in children with language disorders. The study reviewed the articles published from 2000 to 2014 in the international journals that focused on speech-language pathology and special education. The results which were analyzed in research studies related SLI were above of deficit in vocabulary, grammar, phonology, morphology, semantic, and pragmatic. This defect was different depending on the memory capacity, learning, auditory processing and oral motor skills. The study discussed in terms of (1) cognition and learning, (2) short-term memory and working memory, (3) auditory processing, and (4) speed and capacity of processing.

Most of seismic reflection data are stored on the magnetic tape, but the life time of tape drivewhich can read the data is limitted. So the seismic data could be useful when it has stored in the generalrecording media. In this study, we read the seismic tape data which had acquired in the Nam Hae basinof the continental shelf and the processed it by Geobit after transcribed tape image format to SEGY. Through the basic processing we had decided the optimum processing parameters. A velocity model wascreated by iterative velocity analysis then using the velocity a seismic section was made. The seismicimage shows the basement between CMP 200~800 and 1.5 s of two-way travel time and vertical faults areshown between 1900 and 0.6~1.6 s of two-way travel time. The processing parameters in this study canbe applied to seismic data in the Nam Hae basin and the velocity model and seismic section could beavailable for interpretation of sedimentary basin environment in the Nam Hae basin.

Train wheels tend to wear abrasion due to frequent Starlings and brakings. They are important factors of train safety and noise. However, it is difficult and inaccurate to measure their shape and profile manually. Profile measurement system of train wheel with image processing is proposed. The system consists of CCD cameras, PCI image grabber board, and PC operated on Windows '95. Image processing algorithms such as filtering, histogram equalization, and edge detection are presented, and some processing results are illustrated.

Railway track supports and guides train and it directly affects ride quality and safety. To maintain track quality, regular maintenance activity is essential but it degrades track usage since maintenance activity occupies the track during the work. To achieve maximum track efficiency, track inspection should be performed at commercial running speed. In this paper, we designed and developed high speed rail profile measurement system using laser light sectioning method with line laser generator, digital camera and DSP based image processing system. The measurement system can supports rail profile measurement at the speed of 300 Km/h that can be applied to KTX.

본 논문에서는 25㎒대역에서 피크값 검출, time average 및 depth profile 알고리즘을 초음파 현미경에 적용하였고 각 알고리즘의 성능을 비교, 분석하였다. time average 알고리즘에서는 동전 한 지점에서 반사된 펄스파가 시간영역에서 디지털 값으로 변환되고 변환된 512개 데이터의 평균값이 계산된다. time average영상은 샘플의 스캐닝영역에서 획득된 N×N 매트릭스 평균값들이 그레이레벨에 의해 획득된다. 시간영역에서 smoothing효과를 갖는 이 기술은 산란현상을 많이 일으키는 영역의 초음파영상을 향상시킬 수 있다. depth profile 기술에서는 기준신호와 검출신호의 시간차가 최소 2ns의 분해능을 갖고 검출되므로 스캐닝 영역의 3차원적인 실제 형태가 상대적인 크기로 검출된다. 이러한 실험을 통하여 피크값 검출, time average 및 depth profile 알고리즘이 분석되었고 각 알고리즘의 잇점이 제시되었다.

In this paper, ultrasonic images of 25MHz bandwidth were acquired by applying peak value variation, time average and depth profile algorithm to acoustic microscopy and its performance was compared and analysed with each other. In the time average algorithm, total reflecting pulse wave from a spot on the coin was converted to digital data in time domain and average value of the converted 512 data was calculated in computer. Time average image was displayed by gray levels colour of acquired N x N matrix average data in the scanning area on the sample. This technique having smoothing effects in time domain make developed an ultrasonic image on a highly scattering area. In depth profile technique, time difference between the reference and the reflected signal was detected with minimum resolution performance of 2ns, thus we can acquired real 3 dimensional shape of the scanning area in accordance with relative magnitude. Through these experiments, peak value, time average and depth profile images were analysed and advantages of each algorithm were proposed.

This study was carried out to investigate the serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility and analyze the plasmid profile for the 145 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated from livestock products and these product processing plants in Gyeongnam, Korea. All of L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotype 1/2b (57.9%), 1/2a (20.0%), 4b (11.4%), 1/2c, 3b, 4c (each 2.9%) and 4d (0.7%). Serotype 1/2b, 1/2a, 4b from each source were found predominantly. Serotype 1/2b was predominantly higher than other serotype, and there was no significant difference between serotypes isolated from livestock products and product processing plants. 4b was major serotype isolated from raw milk and pork, and serotypes isolated from beef, chickens and slaughterhouse were 1/2b and 1/2a. The susceptibility of 145 strains of L. monocytogenes to 14 antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human therapy was determined by disk diffusion method. All of L. monocytogenes strains were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and penicillin. L. monocytogenes strains had the highest resistance with colistin (100%), oxytetracycline (44.8%), tetracycline (43.4%) followed by erythromycin (2.8%), spectinomycin (1.4%) and streptomycin (0.7%). Tetracycline resistance, and serotype distribution of the isolates from sample sources were significantly different. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was observed in all of them and 7 different resistant profiles were recorded. The most common resistance pattern were CL-OTC-TC (colistin-oxytetracycline-tetracycline) (42.8%). Among all tested isolates, two different plasmid profiles were observed. Of the 97 examined strains, 14 (14.4%) contained either the 8 and 11 kb plasmid or the 11 kb.