Earticle

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in needs for physical activity among healthy women, women with physical limitations, and Korean immigrant women in the U.S., and a significant association between needs for physical activity and other sociodemographic and contextual variables. Methods Healthy Korean women (n=53), women with physical limitations (n=51), and Korean immigrant women in the U.S. (n = 54) were recruited using a convenience sampling method. The settings included cultural centers in Seoul, S University Hospital in Seoul, Korea, and Korean ethnic churches in California. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and needs for physical activity were collected using questionnaires. Group difference in needs for physical activity and difference in needs for physical activity according to sociodemographic and contextual variables were determined. Results There were significant differences in 11 needs for physical activity among the three groups (p < .05). The needs for physical activity were significantly different (p < .05) according to the categories of needs; affiliation, accomplishment and autonomy needs among the three groups. The needs for physical activity were significantly different (p < .05) according to sociodemographic and contextual variables. Conclusion Three groups of women had different needs for physical activity, and their needs for physical activity were influenced by multiple factors reflecting their daily lives in immigration transition and health/ illness transition.

Purpose: Eye health is a critical component of overall well-being. While genetic and clinical factors are important, lifestyle behaviors?particularly physical activity (PA)?have attracted growing attention for their role in promoting ocular health. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to systematically map global research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic shifts concerning PA and eye health from 2000 to 2024. Methods: The keywords “PA” and “eye” were searched across three academic databases, and the retrieved results were analyzed with a bibliometric tool to examine publication trends, country productivity, author collaboration networks, and co-occurring keywords. Results: The analysis revealed a sharp increase in annual publication numbers after 2018. Researchers from Spain and Australia emerged as leading contributors. Three main clusters were identified via co-authorship analysis, with Hanssen H serving as a crucial connector. Highly cited papers predominantly focused on the physiological impact of PA on the eye, including intraocular pressure and retinal blood flow. Keyword analysis showed increasing interest in digital lifestyle factors within PA and eye health, such as “computer vision syndrome” and “screen time,” along with a shift toward interdisciplinary approaches integrating public health, ophthalmology, and physical education. Conclusion: This study highlights the growing significance of PA in eye health research, underscoring the necessity for continued interdisciplinary investigation, personalized interventions, and public health strategies that integrate PA into eye care. These findings lay a foundation for future research targeting visual impairment prevention and the promotion of lifelong ocular well-being through PA.

Objective: To examine activities of daily living (ADL) and physical activity in older adults with heart failure admitted to a rehabilitation ward for subacute musculoskeletal disease.Methods: This study included patients with musculoskeletal disease (aged ≥75 years) who were admitted to the rehabilitation ward. Data on age, ADL, and time for physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]) were collected. Patients were divided into groups with or without heart failure, and the differences were compared using Mann?Whitney U-test.Results: This study included 84 musculoskeletal patients, including 25 with heart failure. The heart-failure group had similar levels of ADL independence compared to the without-heart-failure group (p=0.28) but had shorter duration of continuous and sustained physical activities and less total time (p<0.01) of light-intensity physical activity or higher.Conclusion: Older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure do not necessarily require a large amount of physical activity to maintain ADL at the time of discharge. But very low physical activity may increase the risk for developing hospitalization-associated disability. Physical activity in older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure should be monitored separately from ADL.

Purpose: There is a growing number of older adults moving into assisted-living facilities to maintain their independence while being assisted with certain tasks and having convenient access to services. Physical activity (PA) and vitality play an important role in independence, as well as in mental health, of older adults. However, no research has examined the difference in older adults' levels of vitality (defined as the state of feeling alive and alert) between those living in assisted-living facilities and those from community-living settings. This study also explored sociodemographic predictors of PA and vitality among older adults living in two different types of housing. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined differences in PA levels and vitality between older adults (aged ≥ 60 years; n = 148, mean age = 74.70 years) living in assisted-living facilities (n = 85, mean age = 77.46 years) and those in community-living settings (n = 63, mean age = 70.98 years). PA was assessed by accelerometry, and vitality was measured using the subjective vitality scale. Results: Engagement in light PA and moderate to vigorous PA was higher in individuals living in community-living settings after controlling for sociodemographic variables. However, vitality was not significantly different between the two types of housing after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Marital status, education, and number of diagnosed diseases were associated with vitality. Conclusion: The support is needed for designing strategies to increase PA in older adults living in assisted-living facilities. More attention should be paid to increasing subjective vitality of older adults in both types of housing to promote healthy aging.

Purpose : Supported living, characterized by very small, family-like structures, are known to be different in many ways from traditional group homes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It is also known that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in residential settings fall far below population norms in terms of physical activity and exercise. We tested for differences in physical activity between people in supported living versus group home settings. Our hypothesis was that the more individualized supported living settings might be associated with greater opportunity for people to be involved in active physical movement. Method : Large individual quality of life data sets from three states in the U.S. were available to examine. Each data set had the same item on frequency of events described as“Go to a health or exercise club, spa, or center.” Results : One large state data set permitted division of people into large (5 and 6 person) and small (1 to 4 person) settings, and the difference in physical activity / exercise events was quite different both practically and statistically. In two other states, one system was based almost entirely on a 6 person group home model while the other state’s system was based on small supported living settings. The difference in physical activity / exercise between those two systems was large and significant. Conclusions : There are many reasons to think that small family-like supported living models are superior in quality to the older group home model. These analyses provided one more aspect of evidence that people tend to have better, healthier lives in the newer model of residential support. Physical activity / exercise is crucial for quality of life, both in terms of physical and mental well-being. It is suggested that nations embarking on deinstitutionalization efforts, following the CRPD’s Article 19 dictum, will be well advised to avoid or skip the group home model and proceed directly to supported living models. Running head : Physical Activity and Residential Models

Purpose: To investigate the interconnections among kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, Type D personality, andphysical activity (PA) among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI). The explicit objective was to investigate whether self-efficacy mediated and Type Dpersonality moderated the relationship between kinesiophobia and PA in this population. Methods: Between November 2021 and October 2022, 328 patients who had undergone PCI wereenrolled from cardiac wards at three different hospitals. The participants were instructed to finalize theInternational Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for Heart, the CardiacExercise Self-Efficacy Instrument, and the Type D Personality Scale. We used SPSS 22.0 (IBM Corp.,Armonk, NY, USA) and the PROCESS macro for SPSS (developed by Andrew F. Hayes, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH, USA) for the statistical analysis. Results: (1) Mediation analysis revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated this relationship. (2) Thisstudy demonstrated that kinesiophobia was significantly associated with PA with Type D personalitymoderating the association between kinesiophobia and self-efficacy as well as the direct link betweenkinesiophobia and PA. However, kinesiophobia was associated with PA both directly and indirectlythrough self-efficacy. The simple slope graph revealed that patients with Type D personality exhibitedsubstantially lower levels of PA than those with non?Type D personality as kinesiophobia increased. Patients with Type D personality had weaker self-efficacy than those without Type D personality whenit came to strong kinesiophobia. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and Type D personality play important roles in the relationship betweenkinesiophobia and PA. Interventions after PCI should focus on reducing kinesiophobia and enhancingself-efficacy to improve PA. Personality assessment allows tailored strategies, with Type D patientsrequiring targeted approaches for fear and emotion regulation, while non?Type D patients may benefitmore from self-efficacy enhancement.

Purpose Anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life (QOL) were considered important concerns that hindered the rehabilitation of breast cancer survivors. A number of studies have investigated the effects of physical activity, but they have not reached the same conclusions. This review aimed to identify the effects of physical activity on QOL, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer survivors. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, SinoMed, CNKI, Vip, and WanFang databases were searched for the time period between January 1, 2012, and April 30, 2022. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials of the effects of physical activity on QOL, anxiety, or depression in breast cancer survivors. The tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the quality of the included studies. R software version 4.3.1 was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 26 studies, involving 2105 participants, were included in the systematic review. Among these, 20 studies involving 1228 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the results indicated that physical activity can significantly improve QOL(Hedges' g = 0.67; 95% CI 0.41?0.92) and reduce anxiety (Hedges' g = ?0.28; 95% CI ?0.46 to ?0.10) in breast cancer survivors. However, the effect of physical activity on depression (Hedges' g = ?0.46; 95% CI ?0.99 to 0.06) was not statistically significant. Conclusions Physical activity was an effective intervention to improve QOL and reduce anxiety in breast cancer survivors, as well as showed positive trends in depression, although without statistical significance. More well-designed studies are required to clarify the effects of different types of physical activities on the QOL, anxiety, and depression among breast cancer survivors. Registered number on PROSPERO CRD42022363094. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=363094.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the status of physical activity (PA) and to identify the association with physiological indicators, hand grip strength, stress, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors. Methods: Data of 999 Korean cancer survivors aged 19 and older were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (VII, 2016-2018; VIII-1, 2019). Complex samples analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: The percentage of recommended levels of aerobic PA, walking, and muscle strength training was 43.8%, 19.3%, and 21.6%, respectively. Compared to the PA group, the non-aerobic PA group had a higher ratio in abnormal systolic blood pressure and triglyceride level; the non-walking group had a higher ratio in abnormal diastolic blood pressure, and normal total cholesterol and abnormal high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels; and the non-muscle strength training group had a higher hs-CRP level. The non-aerobic PA or non-muscle strength training group had low hand grip strength. The non-walking group perceived high stress, and all non-PA subgroups showed low HRQoL. Conclusion: This study provides useful results for predicting PA types that can be utilized to improve physiological function, stress, and HRQoL for cancer survivors, thus providing empirical evidence for developing PA intervention.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and agreement of physical activity (PA) between data obtained from wearable Actigraph devices and self-reporting questionnaires, and to investigate the relationship between psychological state (depression, anxiety, and fatigue) and PA. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using physical measurements and surveys. PA was measured through both the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Actigraph GT3X+ device. The demographic characteristics of the subjects, as well as their depression, anxiety, and fatigue scores, were collected with structured questionnaires. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot method were employed. Results: Data from 36 healthy adults were analyzed. The overall levels of PA measured using the IPAQ and the Actigraph were 1,891.69 MET min/week and 669.96 MET/day, respectively. Total levels of PA did not show a significant correlation between the two measurement methodologies. However, the moderate-intensity PA resulting from the IPAQ scores showed a significant positive correlation with the light-intensity PA recorded by the Actigraph. The Bland-Altman plot analysis demonstrated that the levels of PA as measured by the two different methods did not match. In addition, PA measured using the Actigraph showed a significant negative correlation with depression and anxiety whereas PA measured using the IPAQ showed a significant positive correlation with fatigue. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the data obtained from the subjective self-reporting questionnaire and the wearable Actigraph do not correlate or match in healthy adults. Future research should investigate the relationship between depression and PA intensity through the Actigraph, or other wearable devices equipped with smartphone apps.

To promote optimal healthcare delivery in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, adopting home-based physical activity (PA) is being seriously considered. Therefore, this study aims to outline the characteristics of exercise protocols for home-based PA and the challenges and limitations in implementing home-based PA in patients with T2DM. This scoping review was carried out by identifying eligible studies in six different databases (Scopus, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used in the search strategies were: home-based physical activity, home-based exercise therapy, home-based physical exercise, home-based exercise, home-based exercise training, diabetes mellitus, and T2DM. Two reviewers independently screened all full-text articles to find articles that met the eligibility requirements. A total of 443 articles were identified in the search. Approximately 342 articles were excluded by screening titles and abstracts, which led to the selection of 44 articles relevant to the current study. Further screening of the full-text led to the subsequent removal of 34 other articles, leading to 10 studies that were eligible for data extraction. This review suggested that the exercise protocols for home-based PA include resistance exercise using free weight and own body weight with a frequency of two to three sessions per week at moderate intensity, along with aerobic exercise (particularly walking) with a frequency of three to five times per week at moderate intensity. A combination of resistance and aerobic exercise showed more significant benefits of PA in patients with T2DM. More studies regarding home-based PA in T2DM patients with metabolic disorders are warranted.

Purpose: We aimed to identify factors influencing physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Methods: We recruited 92 adolescents with complex congenital heart disease from a tertiary medical center in Seoul, measured their levels of physical activity, and identified factors that influenced their physical activity levels using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the New York Heart Association classification, congenital heart disease complexity, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine factors influencing physical activity. Results: Total physical activity was higher in males than in females (t=4.46, p<.001). Adolescents who participated in school physical education classes engaged in more physical activity than those who did not (t=6.77, p<.001). Higher self-efficacy (β=.41, p<.001), male gender (β=.37, p<.001) and participation in school physical education classes (β=.19, p=.042) were associated with a higher likelihood of engagement in physical activity. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop nursing interventions that enhance self-efficacy in order to promote physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Physical activity should also be promoted in an individualized manner, taking into account gender, disease severity, and parental attitude.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if physical activity levels relieve the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) according to smoking intensity among smoking men. Methods: Secondary data from the 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this cross sectional study. A total of 3,027 men over the age of 19 were included for data analysis. Complex samples logistic regression was used to analyze the combined effects of smoking and physical activity on Mets. Smoking intensity was categorized as light (≤ 20 cigarettes/day) or heavy (> 20 cigarettes/day), while physical activity was categorized as light (< 600 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week), moderate (600-3,000 MET-min/week), and vigorous (≥ 3,000 MET-min/week). Results: Mets was less prevalent among light smokers with vigorous physical activity (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.632, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.475-0.840) compared to those with light physical activity. Among heavy smokers, physical activity level was not significantly associated with Mets. Conclusion: Only vigorous physical activity exerted protective effects against development of Mets among low intensity smokers. For high intensity smokers, lowering smoking intensity and smoking cessation are also necessary to prevent development of Mets.

Objective To estimate hours of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) performed by people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify the demographic and injury-related characteristics associated with LTPA of people with chronic SCI. Method Seventy nine persons with SCI living in Busan and Gyongsangnam-do were recruited. They completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of items about personal characteristics, type of LTPA, hours of LTPA, LTPA intensity, and LTPA satisfaction. Results Most participants (92.4%) did not work. The respondents reported a daily mean of 3.13 hours (±1.47)of LTPA; however, 3.8% reported no LTPA whatsoever. Years post-injury, income sources, and type of medical payment emerged as a predictors of LTPA. Years post-injury were positively correlated with amount of leisure activity. In the case of self income, LTPA was longer than for groups with different income sources (e.g.partner,parents). For patients receiving workers’ compensation insurance, LTPA was longer than for patients receiving non-WC insurance. Most LTPA was done at a moderate intensity. The three most frequently reported types of LTPA were wheeling (26%), sports (19%), and stretching exercise (15%). Th ere was overall dissatisfaction with LTPA. Conclusion Daily LTPA hours were longer than previously reported, but wheeling accounted for a large part of the activity. Intensity of activity was generally moderate. Th e employment rate was very low. Clearly, participating in regular LTPA for health purposes is very important to people with chronic SCI, but it is also important for them to have jobs.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the adherence to physical activity (PA) among older adults in Korea using data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV),and to illustrate geographic variations in PA using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Methods A secondary analysis of the KNHANES IV data from 2007 to 2008 was used for this study. Participants of the study included 2,241 older adults over the age of 65. Estimates on adherence to PA were obtained for vigorous, moderate, walking, strengthening, and stretching activities. All estimates were weighted to represent Korean population. The association between participants’ characteristics and PA was analyzed using Wald chi-square test. Maps depicting regional variations in PA were created using GIS software. Results Adherence to PA among Korean older adults who met national recommendations during the period of year 2007?2008 was about 9% in vigorous activity, 10% in moderate activity, and 48% in walking. The most common type of PA was walking. A higher level of PA was associated with male gender, younger age,high level of income and education, and living with family. Conclusion The majority of older adults did not meet the national PA recommendations, suggesting that consistent surveillance and intervention for PA in the geriatric population are needed in the future. Maps generated using GIS visually showed regional differences in PA among the study participants.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in patients newly diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire, which covered demographic characteristics, perceived stress, depression, and physical activity. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether perceived stress and physical activity influenced depression, after controlling for demographic characteristics. The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression was analyzed using model 1 of the PROCESS macro (bootstrap sample size=5,000). Results: The findings revealed that the level of depression was higher in women (p=.003), individuals without a spouse (p=.004), and those with an average monthly income of less than 3 million won (p=.045). The regression results showed that perceived stress was associated with a significant increase in the level of depression (β=.53, p<.001), and low physical activity was also a significant predictor of depression (β=.16, p=.013). The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between perceived stress and depression was confirmed, indicating that when physical activity was high, the impact of perceived stress on depression was weaker than when physical activity was low (B=-0.37, p=.038). Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to implement a nursing program that can enhance physical activity and early screening for stress and depression in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify personal factors, social factors, and environmental factors related to physical activity in older adults in urban and non-urban areas. Methods: We used source data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study included some older adults aged 65 and over, and analyzed the data of 23,043 older adults living in the urban and 34,063 older adults living in the non-urban area. Results: The common factors influencing physical activity in older adults by region include current smoking and drinking, BMI, sleep duration, and subjective health status, help with neighbors, frequency of meeting with neighbors and friends, participation in social and leisure activities, and falls experience (p<.001). However, the living environment, public transport satisfaction, and medical service use significantly associated with physical activity for only older adults living in the urban area (p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve physical activity in older adults in the community, it is necessary to consider not only the improvement of individual factors that practice health behaviors but also health promotion strategies that take into account social and environmental factors because there are environmental differences among regions.

Purpose The main goal of this systematic review is to summarize and identify the current literature that addresses factors associated with adolescents’ physical activity. Methods A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using a reference period between 1998 and 2008, based primarily on the PubMed/CINAHL/PsycINFO/ProQuest databases. A total of 35 articles were considered appropriate for this review. Results This systematic review found some evidence of associations between physical activity and the following variables: age, sex, parental education level, socioeconomic status, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived behavior control, parental support, parent modeling, peer support, past physical activity, depressive symptoms, smoking, alcohol consumption, and environmental determinants. Conclusion Some variables have been studied too few times to deduce any conclusion, so more research is needed to test variables. Variables that did not have consistent results also need further testing. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(2):113?128]

Purpose: The purpose of present study was to explore relationship between physical activity (PA) behavior and self-efficacy among older Korean-Americans (OKAs) based on reviewing major theories that are used to understand PA behavior, particularly as they relate to older adults within sociocultural contexts. Methods: 151 OKAs, living in California, were recruited and interviewed once. Self-efficacy and PA level were measured by Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (K-CHAMPS) questionnaire, respectively. Results: 82.8% of OKA women and 72.4% of OKA men had relatively low (38.8 ± 29.3) self-efficacy related to PA. Exercise self-efficacy was statistically significant and positively associated with frequency for moderate and greater PA (r = 0.25, p ＜ .01), frequency for all listed PA (r = 0.21, p ＜ .05), caloric expenditure for moderate and greater PA (r = 0.23, p ＜ .01), and caloric expenditure for all listed PA (r = 0.31, p ＜ .01). Conclusion: Social Cognitive Theory including self-efficacy can provide insight about how to shape strategies that encourage OKAs to adhere to regular PA because it focuses on environmental as well as personal factors. Increased efforts are needed to understand the other factors associated with being active in OKAs.

Background: Depression is widely recognized as a common mental disorder and is often associated with changes in physical activity and sleep in older adults. Wearable devices enable objective monitoring of daily behaviors in real-life settings. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the association between depressive symptoms and wearable-derived physical activity and sleep patterns among community-dwelling older adults. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older were recruited. Physical activity and sleep were assessed using a wrist-worn wearable device under free-living conditions. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and participants were classified into groups with and without depressive symptoms based on a cut-off score of 16. For statistical analysis, between-group comparisons were conducted for physical activity and sleep variables. Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess bivariate associations, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships among depressive symptoms, physical activity, and sleep parameters. Results: Participants were classified into groups without depressive symptoms (n=56) and with depressive symptoms (n=19). There were significant differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light sleep, and deep sleep (all p<0.05) between the groups. CES-D scores were negatively correlated with MVPA (rs=-0.282, p=0.014) and positively correlated with light sleep (r=0.287, p=0.012), total sleep time (r=0.255, p=0.027), and time in bed (r=0.239, p=0.039). In the logistic regression analysis, a lower standardized deep-to-light sleep ratio was associated with depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for age (odds ratio=0.485, p=0.049). Conclusions: Lower levels of MVPA and altered sleep architecture were observed in older adults with depressive symptoms. Reduced deep sleep and/or increased light sleep were associated with depressive symptoms, whereas MVPA was not independently associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that wearable-derived data may provide useful indicators for identifying patterns of physical activity and sleep architecture in older adults with depressive symptoms.

Purpose: Sedentary office workers lack physical activity and have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study attempted to develop a remote physical activity improvement program for sedentary office workers and verify its effectiveness by applying it to male workers in their 30s and 40s with MetS. Methods: This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design, and the study sample was 75 male workers recruited from an information and technology company. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 38) or control (n = 37) group. The remote physical activity improvement program was constructed based on the self-regulation theory emphasizing autonomy, and was conducted through non-face-to-face Zoom once a week for a total of 12 weeks. Health education, exercise training, small group meetings, and individual counseling were provided, and tailored text messages were sent to participants every day to encourage them to reflect on their lifestyle and practice exercise. Results: The remote physical activity program significantly increased basic psychological needs (Z = -7.55, p < .001), intrinsic motivation (Z = -6.94, p < .001), health promotion behavior, (Z = -6.63, p < .001), and physical and physiological indicators (p < .05) in the intervention group compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: In managing MetS among office workers, it was found that remote education using the Zoom platform was effective, even during the coronavirus pandemic. As a strategy for health education in the workplace, remote education content needs to be developed and applied.