Earticle

In modern society, many materials have been developed for various purposes such as building enlargement, convenience of architecture, and economy. The types of EPS and PUR used in large logistics warehouses are very vulnerable to fire, and it is difficult to know in advance the progress of combustion and the risk of rapid combustion expansion due to external materials. This paper confirmed the generation of flammable vapor due to external sequence of panel types installed in a sealed state, and analyzed the components of mixed gas using gas chromatography. In the mixed gas, gas components such as carbon monoxide, methane, and the like were identified, and it was found that the gas was mixed with oxygen in the air when the external material was deformed by external heat and rapid combustion was expanded. This is to measure the components of smoke generated during fire suppression in large logistics warehouses to identify the combustion status of internal cores and suggest the need to provide information to the safety management of field personnel.

[목적] 본 연구는 소비자의 독특성 욕구와 추구혜택이 충성도와의 영향관계를 조사하여 골프 액세서리 브랜드의 마 케팅 전략 수립의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. [방법] 결과 도출을 위해 골프 액세서리를 구입해 사용한 경험이 있 는 소비자로부터 372개의 샘플을 수집하였으며 수집된 데이터로 빈도분석, 탐색요인분석, 신뢰성분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. [결과] 첫째, 독특성욕구의 하위 요인 중 창의적, 비대중적, 유사성 회피(-) 요인이 충 성도에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 추구혜택의 하위 요인 중 기능성, 패션성 및 개성이 태도적 충성도에 영향을 미치는 반 면 기능성, 개성 및 패션성요인은 구매적 충성도에 영향을 미쳤다. [결론] 골프 액세서리 기업들은 자신들의 브랜드 제품에 기능성 향상 및 소비자들의 개성을 살릴 수 있는 다양한 디자인과 색상이 가미된 제품 개발과 소비자들의 소 비심리와 욕구를 파악해 제품을 구매하고 애용할 수 있도록 하며, 또한 기업들은 쉽게 변할 수 있는 소비자들의 마 음을 잡기위해 심리를 자극할 수 있는 적극적인 마케팅 전략을 실시하여야 할 것이다.

[Purpose] This study aims to provide implications for establishing marketing strategies for golf accessory brands by examining the effects of consumers' uniqueness desire and pursued benefits on their loyalty. [Method] By doing so, 372 samples were collected from consumers with experience in purchasing and using golf accessories. With the collected data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, credibility analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed and got the following results. [Result] First, among uniqueness desire's sub-factors, creativity, non-popular, similarity avoidance(-) factors significantly influenced loyalty. Second, among pursued benefits' sub-factors, functionality, fashion image, and individuality significantly influenced attitudinal loyalty while functionality, individuality and fashion image significantly influenced purchase loyalty. [Conclusion] This study further discusses the results and implications that follows and hopes to provide meaningful data for brands who seeks to succeed in the golf accessory industry.

대덕특구 소재 13개 과학기술계 정부출연연구기관(과기출연(연))의 최근 3년간(2017∼19년)의 과학문화 활동 프로그램을 활동방법과 운영주체에 따라 구분하여 조사하였다. 과기출연(연)이 운영한 총 프로그램 수는 150개이며 기관 당 연평균 11.5개의 과학문화프로그램을 운영하였다. 과학문화 활동방법으로는 과학축제와 견학이 전체 프로그 램 수의 72%이고 운영주체는 ‘자체(PPOI)’ 프로그램이 68개(45.3%), ‘협력(PCPI)’프로그램이 82개(54.7%)로 조사되 었다. 또한 참가 대상의 87.2%가 초․중․고 및 대학생이며 성인대상의 프로그램은 없었다. 우리는 본 연구의 결과로 대중의 연구이해(PUR)를 위해 첨단과학기술을 포함한 현재 진행 중인 연구내용중심으로 각 과기출연(연) 주관·주최 의 열린 과학축제와 일반 성인을 대상으로 과학콘서트 등의 과학문화 활동 프로그램을 제안한다.

The scientific culture programs of 13 Government-supported Research Institutes in the field of Science and Technology (GRIST) in Daedeok Innopolis are studied and classified according to the activities and operational types of programs conducted by GRIST over the past three years (2017∼19). The total 150 scientific and cultural programs of GRIST were operational with annual average of 11.5 programs per institution. Science festival and field trip, as a scientific culture activity, account for 72%. By means of operational entity, the programs were identified as 68(45.3%) for PPOI(Programs Planned and Operated by Institute) and 82(54.7%) for PCPI(Programs Contributed and Participated by Institute). Also the 87.2% of all participants were elementary, middle, high school, and college students and the program for adult participants was none. From this study, we suggest that open lab type of science festival programs, which organized and operated by each GRIST, to inform ongoing and advanced research for public understand of research (PUR) and science concerts for targeting adult audiences.

인도종교에 있어, 쉬바(Śiva)신과 링가(liṅga)는 불가분의 관계를 형성하고 있다. ‘링가’가 쉬바(Śiva) 숭배, 즉 샤이비즘(Śaivism)에 있어 중요한 위치를 점하고 있다는 사실은 쉬바계 뿌라나(Śaiva Purāṇa)를 통해 뒷받침된다. 예를 들어 쿠르마 뿌라나(Kūrma-Purāṇā)나 쉬바 뿌라나(Śiva-Purāṇa)는 링가 숭배가 쉬바에 대한 다른 어떠한 숭배보다도 중요하다는 점을 강조하고 있으며 마하바라타(Mahabhārata)나 라마야나(Rāmāyaṇa)와 같은 서사시에서도 쉬바신의 상징으로서 숭배되는 링가가 거론되고 있다. 이러한 까닭에, 링가와 또한 그것의 기원에 관한 논의는 샤이비즘은 물론 힌두이즘을 이해하는데 있어 간과할 수 없는 요소라고 하겠다. 링가가 주는 에로틱한 인상은 쉬 지워지지 않는 것이다. 그래서인지 오래전부터 링가의 기원을 남근(男根)으로 볼 것인지의 여부를 두고 많은 논란이 있어 왔다. 본 논문은 이러한 논란의 연장선상에 있는 것이 아니라, 샤이비즘의 근본 경전이라고 평할 수 있는 쉬바계 뿌라나 속에서 언급되는 링가 관련 기술에 대한 검토를 그 목적으로 한다. 즉 쉬바계 뿌라나에 한정하여 링가의 의미와 링가 숭배의 기원, 수용상을 되새기고자 한다. 이를 위해 뿌라나에 편입되어 있는 ‘링가 출현담(liṅgodbhava)’과 ‘링가 제거담(liṅgapātana)’이라 칭할 수 있는 이야기의 내용을 개관하면서 그것들이 링가 숭배를 어떻게 풀어가는지 살펴볼 것이다.

The most important aspect of the ?iva-cult is the worship of the Li?ga. It is supported through the ?aiva Pur??a that the Li?ga occupies an important position in ?iva worship, ?aivism. For example, K?rma Pur??a and ?iva Pur??a emphasize that the Li?ga-cult is the most important than any other cult. In addition, The Li?ga worshiped as a symbol of ?iva, has been mentioned in epics such as the Mahabh?rata or the R?m?ya?a. Hence the discussion of the Li?ga and its origin are the element cannot be ignored. An erotic impression which the Li?ga is having is not easily erased one. So for a long time, there has been so much debates about the origin of the Li?ga was the phallus or not. This paper is not intended to continue these discussions. It is intended to review of the related statements to the Li?ga mentioned in the ?aiva Pur??a, the fundamental scripts of the ?aivism. In other words, it looks the meaning of the Li?ga and the origin of the Li?ga-cult, and its acceptance confined to the ?aiva Pur??a. For this, I’ll overview the contents of the story inserted in the Pur??as, li?godbhava and li?gap?tana. These stories are designed by pur??ak?ras to give a philosophical appearance to the phallus-cult. And it also plays a role to give some legitimacy of The Li?ga-cult. The stories about the Li?ga are very diverse. Because the ?iva-cult is intricately connected with the Li?ga as a symbol and as a phallus, the Li?ga-cult that has two meanings and phallus-cult. And these features can be found only in the ?iva-cult. So the Li?ga should have a meaning in relationship with ?iva. According to the ?aiva Pur??a, the Li?ga is a visible symbol but it has the character of the Absolute being, ?iva, who is invisible. ?iva has a shape of Brahm?(Brahmar?p?), and has no part(ni?kala) and no sign(ali?ga). He is the source of the unmanifested li?ga and the owner of the Li?ga(li?g?). That is why the Li?ga has no shape and there is no deeds bigger than its worship. As a result ?iva should have worshipped in the form of the Li?ga.

『바가바따 뿌라나』는 18종류 대뿌라나 가운데 가장 중요한 뿌라나의 하나로, 대략 9-13세기쯤에 작성되어진 것으로 추측된다. 이것의 사상적 주류는 베단따 사상이다. 상캬 철학은 무신론이지만 『바가바따 뿌라나』는 힌두들에게 힌두 신앙의 토대를 제공하는 민중적인 신앙복음서로서 유신론적 경향을 띤다. 그럼에도 『바가바따 뿌라나』에 보이는 상캬 사상은 고전 상캬 철학과 유사한 점이 많이 발견된다. 그러나 고전 상캬 철학은 25원리로 체계적으로 말하지만, 이것은 여러 원리들을 제시하며 각기 약간씩 다른 원리를 제시하고 있다. 『바가바따 뿌라나』와 상캬 철학에서 차이를 보는 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 『바가바따 뿌라나』에서는 최고자아(Brahman)를 첫 원리로 세우지만, 상캬 철학에서는 뿌루샤와 쁘라끄리띠의 두 원리를 최고 원리로 본다. 둘째, 보편적 자아는 질료인이면서 동력인이라고 하는데 상캬 철학에서는 쁘라끄리띠가 질료인이라면 뿌루샤는 동력인이다. 셋째, 『바가바따 뿌라나』는 유신론적 경향을 띠어 자재신 이슈바라와 순수정신 뿌루샤를 동격으로 보지만 상캬 철학은 유신론적인 신격을 안정하지 않는다. 넷째, 『바가바따 뿌라나』는 세 속성들의 평형상태가 깨져 전개되어 나올 때의 결과들이 상캬 철학과는 다르게 설명한다. 다섯째, 『바가바따 뿌라나』는 다섯 지각기관이나 다섯 행위기관에 대한 설명은 자세하나 다섯 미세원소나 다섯 거친 원소에 대한 설명은 구체적이지 않다. 여섯째, 불이일원론 베단따 개념인 환영과 시간 정신 등과 같은 용어들이 자주 등장하며, 이것을 상캬 사상과 결부시켜 설명을 시도하지만, 이것은 상캬 사상과 전혀 부합하지 않는 요소들이다. 이와 같이 『바가바따 뿌라나』와 상캬 철학에 담긴 내용은 베단따의 입장에서 상캬의 사상적 요소를 포용하려는 의도가 『바가바따 뿌라나』 안에 깔려 있는 것으로 이해된다.

Bh?gavata Pur??a is the important one of the eighteen Mah? Pur??as. This literature is was guessed which is constituted approximatively 9-13th century. This thoughtful mainstream is Ved?nta, but many S??khya philosophical contents included in it. The S??khya Philosophy is an atheistic, but it is a theistic. It provides a gospel for hindus to hindu faith. Yet it was discovered a lot of similarities with the classic S??khya philosophy. Thus we can arrange in the following six points of theoretical differences between the Bh-p and SK literatures. First, Bh?gavata Pur??a stands an Universal Self(Brahman) of the first principles, S??khya philosophy stands two principles of Puru?a and Prak?ti. Second, An universal Self is both material cause and efficient cause in it, but Puru?a is efficient cause and Prak?ti is material cause in the S??khya philosophy. Third, Bh?gavata Pur??a and S??khya philosophy explain differently results of the three properties(tri gu?as). Fourth, Bh?gavata Pur??a explains for five action organs(panca karmendriyas) and five perception organs(panca buddh?ndriyas) in detail, but a description for a rough five elements(panca mah?bh?tas) is not concrete. Fifth, Bh?gavata Pur??a explains which is associating with the terms of S??khya philosophy such as illusion(m?y?) and time spirit, but these are the factors that not is consistent with the S??khya philosophy. Sixth, Bh?gavata Pur??a regards in apposition ??vara with Puru?a which have theisical tendency, but S??khya Philosophy is atheism, and therefore it does not pretend to a deity(??vara). Thus contents of the Bh?gavata Pur??a and S??khya Philosophy appears almost same outwardly, but actcually these two different. Finally we have been read with the intention that from Ved?ntic position is to embrace S??khya thought elements.

Among other things that we have in mind as the most ambitious project in the Pur??a researches for last few decades should be the critical edition on the Skandapur??a by Groningen team. From the testimonies that the medieval writers gave the reference on the Skandapur??a as a whole but not as separate kha??as, out of which other 'kha??a-style Skandapur??as' issued as we have in printed editions. Thus, Groningen team completed to prove that this new critically edited text on the Nepalese palm-leaves is the 'original Skandapur??a', and continue to publish the serial volumes of the text. Nothing to say, it is surely good news to all Indologist who specially have interest in Pur??a textual research and Indian mythological studies. When it comes to the mythological studies, specially with Skanda (birth) myth that have several versions in Pur??a texts, the original Skandapur??a also have a version of Skanda (birth) myth as it has the title by that name. On the supposition that Skandapur??a is the whole fairly homogeneous text, we can also anticipate that the version of Skanda myth of the original Skandapur??a seems to be the one of the old cycle of Skanda myth. The Skanda (birth) myth is compose of the several concrete motifs that are mostly derived from post-vedic texts and epics with some minor variations, thus we can trace back to the old motifs in the versions of the Pur??ic texts. It will be highly probable that the version of Skanda myth composed with the older motifs and with common motifs of which most of Skanda myths used. Comparing the Skanda myth of original Skandapur??a with the other versions from Brahm?pur??a, V?yupur??a, Vamanapur??a and others, however, we meet with unexpected result that the Skanda myth of the original Skandapur??a is destitute of what we regards as old motifs. This result does not always mean to say that the two different approaches toward Hindu myths, the text-historical and the motif-centered(or structural) researches encounter against each other, but mean to say that two positions should be complementary.

For the purpose of development of polyurethane sealing material, polyurethane resins reinforced with CuO were prepared from polyol and MOAC(4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chlorobenzeneamine)). And the effects of compositions on the mechanical properties of the reinforced polyurethane resin were experimentally examined. The polyurethane resin got to be thermally decomposed at $260^{\circ}C$ and completely carbonized around $500^{\circ}C$. Tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the polyurethane resin increased with the content of MOCA. CuO was uniformly dispersed in the polyurethane resin by 1 minute's ultrasonic radiation. Tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the polyurethane resin reinforced with CuO increased with the content of CuO. Tensile strength and hardness of the reinforced polyurethane resin increased with particle size of the CuO, but elongation decreased. CuO showed higher tensile strength and hardness than any other additives, and lowest elongation.

Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been an rising issue as a promising building material replacing steel-concrete in mid story rise construction. But, there was no specific standard for CLT because it had been developed in industrial section. Recently, new draft for requirements of CLT was proposed by EN which suggested to evaluate the performance of adhesive in CLT by the same method as glulam. But, it has been reported that shear performance of cross laminated timber is governed by rolling shear. Therefore, block shear tests were carried out to compare parallel to grain laminating and cross laminating using commercial one component PUR (Poly urethane resin). The result showed that the current glulam standard for evaluating bonding performance is not appropriate for CLT. Beacause shear strength of cross laminating decreased to 1/3 of parallel to grain laminating and this strength was representing shear performance of wood itself not the bond. However, cross laminating showed no significant effect on wood failure. Thus, wood failure can be used as a requirement of CLT bonding. Based on the results, cross laminating effect should be included when evaluating adhesive performance of CLT correctly and should be considered as an important factor.

The effect of load and sliding speed on abrasive wear characteristics of glass fiber/polyurethane (GF/PUR) composites were investigated at ambient temperature by pin-on-disc friction test. The friction coefficient, cumulative wear volume and surface roughness of these materials against SiC abrasive paper were determined experimentally. Experimental results showed that the surface roughness of the GF/PUR composites was increased as applied load was higher in wear test. The cumulative wear volume tended to increase nonlinearly with increase of sliding distance and depended on applied load and sliding speed for these composites. It could be verified by scanning electric microscopy (SEM) photograph of surface tested that major failure mechanisms were lapping layers, ploughing, delamination, deformation of resin and cracking.

The behavior of abrasive wear on counterpart roughness of glass fiber reinforcement polyurethane resin (GF/PUR) composites were investigated at ambient temperature by pin-on-disc friction test. The friction coefficient, cumulative wear volume and surface roughness of these materials against SiC abrasive paper were determined experimentally. The major failure mechanisms were lapping layers, ploughing, delamination, deformation of resin and cracking by scanning electric microscopy (SEM) photograph of the tested surface. As increasing the counterpart roughness the GF/PUR composites indicated higher friction coefficient. The surface roughness of the GF/PUR composites was increased as the sliding velocity was higher and the counterpart roughness was rougher in wear test.

모든 일에는 마무리가 중요하다. 한 권의 책을 만드는 것도 마찬가지다. 아름다운 책을 만들기 위한 마지막 작업으로 PUR방식이 유행하고 있다. PUR은 핫멜트보다 평균 50%이상 풀을 얇게 칠하면서도 강도와 유연성이 좋은 제책기법이다. PUR전문 업체인 가인 PUR(대표 이재호)을 찾아갔다.

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status with helminth in a group of feral cats in Korea. More than 29 helminth species including adults or eggs were detected in visceral and fecal samples of the examined cats. Among these were a host of nematodes, including toxocarids, Ancylostoma sp. and the larva of Anisakis simplex; trematodes, including Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Pharyngostomum cordatum, Metagonimus spp., Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyopsis continua, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, Acanthotrema felis, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle sp., Echinostoma revolutum, Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., Plagiorchis muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and diplostomulum. We also detected a variety of cestodes, including Spirometra erinacei, Taenia taeniaeformis and unidentified species of tapeworm. We also found examples of the acanthocephalan, Bolbosoma sp. In our assessment of the stools, we detected at least 12 species of helminth eggs. These findings confirmed that feral cats in Korea are infected with a variety of helminth parasite species. Furthermore, among the helminths detected, E. pancreaticum, S. fuscata, S. lari, A. felis, S. falcatus, C. armatus, P. varium, Cryptocotyle sp., E. revolutum, E. japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., P. muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and Bolbosoma sp. represent helminth fauna which have not been reported previously in feral cats in the Republic of Korea.

This study has developed Corynebacterium ammoniagenes (c. ammoniagenes) purine gene transcriptional reporters (purF-lacZ and purE-lacZ) that function in Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5a. After transformation of a C. ammoniagenes gDNA library into E. coli cells harboring either purF-lacZ or purE-lacZ, C. ammoniagenes clones were obtained that repress purF-lacZ and purE-lacZ gene expression. The potential purE and purF regulatory genes are homologous to the genes encoding transcription regulators, the regulatory subunit of RNA polymerase, and genes for purine nucleotide biosynthesis of various bacteria. The C. ammoniagenes purE-lacZ and purF-lacZ reporters were repressed by adenine and guanine within E. coli, indicating similarity in the regulatory mechanism of purine biosynthesis in C. ammoniagenes and E. coli. Gene regulation of pur-lacZ by adenine and guanine was partly abolished in cells expressing potential purine regulatory genes, indicating functionality of the purine gene regulators in repression of purE-lacZ and purF-lacZ. The purE-lacZ and purF-lacZ reporters can be used for the screening of genes involved in the regulation of the de novo synthesis of the purine nucleotides.

Depuis des annees quarante, Georges Bataille concoit l’idee d’ecrire un livre sur le "pur bonheur". Les documents autour de ce livre sont rassembles par Francis Marmande sous le titre ≪Dossier du Pur bonheur≫ dans le douzieme tome des OEuvres Completes. Mais le mot bonheur ne s'accorde pas tres bien aux idees de Bataille, qui, en general, traite de la transgression ou du renversement. Cela nous mene a essayer d'eclairer le sens du pur bonheur chez Bataille. Mais pluto??t que d'expliquer ce que signifie le bonheur, Bataille semble souligner l'impossibilite d'acceder au bonheur. Car d'abord, comme il explicite dans ≪Le bonheur, l'erotisme et la litterature≫(1949), la recherche du bonheur elle-me??me n'est qu'un travail, tandis que le bonheur se lie au refus de la servitude qui resulte du travail. Puis, dans son article ≪Le pur bonheur≫(1958), Bataille evoque le probleme du langage, qui n'est pas moins fonde sur le travail humain. Dans la mesure ou il ne peut echapper au langage, il ne saurait jamais exprimer ce qu’est le pur bonheur. C'est pourquoi Bataille fait appel a la poesie. Pour lui, la poesie est le "suicide du langage", c'est-a-dire le langage qui est la negation de sa propre essence qu’est le travail. Tout comme la danse de Dionysos evoquee par Nietzsche, la poesie n'ayant aucune fin a accomplir est la pure depense du langage. Et le poete se detruisant jusqu'a la mort est celui qui consume son energie pour rien. De me??me que Bataille laisse inacheve son livre Le Pur bonheur, notre tentative de definir la signification du bonheur chez Bataille est suspendue. Neanmoins, nous avons apercu comment Bataille faisait de la poesie un moment du pur bonheur.

“순수다자”로서의 존재와 “일자”로서의 진리라는 큰 제목 하에 이 논문은 바디우에게 있어서의 존재문제와 진리문제를 다루고자 하였다. 그러나 내용의 방대함을 이유로 이 번 논문은 그 시리즈 중 첫 번째 것이 될 수밖에 없으며, 여기선 주로 바디우의 “존재문제”에만 집중하여 다루었다. 특히 바디우가 플라톤의 깃발을 높이 치켜세운다는 것은 무엇을 의미하는지, 또 그의 존재론적 개념은 어떻게 전개되는지를 그의 저서 존재와 사건을 통해 의미를 좁혀 집약적으로 보고자 하였으며, 마지막 장에서는 들뢰즈와의 연관 속에서 플라톤의 독해를 중심으로 두 철학자의 대립지점을 살펴보고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 바디우의 존재론은 하이데거의 “존재와 존재자”간의 구분을 따르는 사유체계로서 이전의 철학적 전통과 많은 부분 결별을 이루고 있으면서도, 철저히 서양 존재론의 역사 한 가운데 서있다고 할 수 있을 만큼 첨예한 논쟁적 위치를 점하고 있다. 그의 존재론은 “일자란 없다”로부터 출발하여 “순수다수”로서의 존재 혹은 “공백”으로서의 존재를 말하는 것으로부터 시작한다. “현존”과 구별되는 용어로써 “현시”라는 개념 하에 펼쳐지는 그의 존재 개념은 수학 안에 존재론의 역사를 위치 지운다. 플라톤의 사상에서도 역시 바디우는 “일자”는 버리고 “다자”만 취하며, 들뢰즈의 “플라톤 뒤집어엎기”에 반하여 그 근거와 타당성 없음을 주장한다. 그러나 이 논문에서는 바디우에 대한 평가보다는 그의 철학에 대한 연구의 첫 발 딤딤에 만족하고자 한다. 이어 나올 연구논문 속에서 지금은 잘 정리되어 있지 않지만 그에 대한 평가를 어느 정도 이루어낼 수 있지 않을까 기대한다.

Le propos de ce texte est à examiner le problème de l’être en tant qu’être et de la vérité chez A. Badiou. Cependant, le contenu de ces recherches est délimité: «L’être en tant qu’être chez A. Badiou dans le rapport avec la pensée de l’être chez Platon». Car, traiter tout ce que nous avons proposé au-dessus, est trop grand pour cet article, alors il est obligé de dire ce que cette recherche serait une partie parmi des séries de ce sujet. Le premier chapitre dont le titre est “L’être comme multiple pur”, développe la question si l’Un est. A. Badiou insiste «l’Un n’est pas, mais il n’y a que des multiples». L’ontologie comme présentation qu’il soutient, constitue la deuxième partie dans laquelle nous traitons le sujet concernant le multiple pur et le vide. Et la troisième partie consiste à situer le problème de l’ontologie dans la mathématique. Le contenu principal commence à partir de deuxième chapitrequi s’intitule “la lecture de Platon par Badiou”. Dans ce chapitre, nous pouvons discerner le platonisme de Badiou comme ultra-platonicienne et citra- platonicienne. Le troisième chapitre touche au point de vue de G. Deleuze concernant le platonisme. A vrai dire, Deleuze cherche à renverser le platonisme par le stoïcisme. Et inversement, Badiou critique la pensée de Deleuze concernant le platonisme.

L’idee du quietisme est basee sur le message central des Confessions de St Augustin. Il y expose le theme du quietisme en racontant l’histoire de sa vie et de sa conversion. Apres avoir reflechi sur les evenements de sa vie, Augustin reflete sur la vie chretienne, en particulier la vie interieure et les prieres. Les Confessions ont eu une grande influence a travers les siecles, et Fenelon est un heritier direct de la spiritualite augustinienne. Dans ses œuvres spirituelles, on trouve souvent des echos de saint Augustin. Fenelon precise comment la doctrine de saint Augustin (d’avoir ete faite pour se reposer en Dieu) opere dans la vie interieure. Dans ce contexte, la communication avec Dieu est l’aspect crucial de l’abnegation et du repos en Dieu. Dans la priere, l’acte le plus important est d’ecouter la voix de Dieu. Selon Fenelon, le silence quietiste ne signifie pas seulement que nous ne parlons pas, mais c’est un silence de l’ame, ou l’ame n’ecoute plus les voix des autres amours, meme l’amour de la famille ou de soi. La priere est ainsi etroitement reliee a l’abnegation et a l’amour de Dieu. Quel est le resultat du chemin propose par Augustin et son heritier Fenelon? La confiance en Dieu, le renoncement et la priere amenent dans le repos promis par Augustin ceux qui veulent ecouter la voix de Dieu. Ce repos est le plus grand bonheur possible pour les humains, remplis de delices et de joies.