Earticle

PURPOSE: This study was aim to the change of muscle activities of lower extremity and waist during lifting a small object on the floor according to different foot position of women in their twenties wearing a skirt. METHODS: 9 women in their twenties wearing a skirt were selected and were measured the muscle activities of medial gastrocnemius (MG), tibialis anterior (TA), vastus lateralis (VL) and iliocostalis (IC) when they lifted a small object on the floor. The two different foot position employed were "both feet posed straight side by side" (condition 1) and "both feet posed diagonally to 45 degree" (condition 2) used. The order of feet position was selected randomly and the subject took a rest for 30 min between tests to prevent muscle fatigue. We calculated the mean and standard deviation of muscle activities and used Mann-Whitney U test to compare the difference between the two foot positions with SPSS(IBM Korea) RESULTS: The muscle activity of condition 2 was greater than that of condition 1 in right side of TA, VL, and IC and left side of TA, VL, MG and IC. The right side of TA, VL and left side VL were significant difference between condition 1 and condition 2(p<.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest "both feet posed straight side by side" position is better if a woman wearing a skirt lift the small object and it will help prevent the low back and lower limb problems in the future.

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time according to a LLD and object weight When subjects performed a lifting task. Design: Repeated measure design Methods: 15 male adults participated in this study. When subjects performed a lifting task, we measured a difference of muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time in the rectus abdominis(RA), the erector spinae(ES), and the rectus femoris(RF) between both legs using the surface electromyogram (Telemyo DTS, Noraxon Inc., USA). When subjects performed a lifting task, the weight of the object was set to 0% kg, 10% kg, and 20% kg of the subject's body weight, excluding the weight of the box. Results: The difference in muscle activity in the RA, the ES, and the RF between both legs when lifting an object was larger in LLD condition than in non-LLD condition(p<0.05). In all of muscles, the difference of contraction onset time was generally increased as the object's weight increased. Specially, the difference in muscle contraction onset time in the RA, the ES between both legs was larger in the LLD condition than in the non-LLD condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that LLD affects the muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time during lifting objects. It can be used as data to prevent joint damage and muscle due to the LLD during work and movements of daily living.

The claim that SVO is a basic word order for Korean receives growing justification from recent studies like Lee (2007a,b; 2008a). This paper consolidates this position by considering another piece of empirical evidence: An object wh-phrase must be analyzed as undergoing leftward movement from the postverbal position to the preverbal position, dubbed Object Lifting. This proves that the basic word order is SVO in Korean. The current result thus secures non-vacuous object movement and also supports Kayne (1994)--the universal word order is underlyingly SVO and there exists no rightward movement. The cause of Object Lifting is identified as a focus feature in the relevant vP domain. In Chinese, a language widely known to be SVO, Object Lifting is spurred by a specificity/focus feature, and some instances of this operation are adduced to cross-linguistically corroborate the current view. The lack of Object Lifting in English is attributed to the absence of the focus feature in the vP domain. Thus, Korean, Chinese and English, now all starting with the uniform SVO underlying order, manifest different surface word orders depending on the presence/absence of the specificity/focus feature in question.

본 연구는 물건들기 시 허리벨트와 테이핑 적용이 척추세움근과 넙다리곧은근의 근활성도의 변화를 알아봄으로서 요통예방에 있어서 테이핑요법의 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 실시되었다. 대상자들은 20대 남녀 대학생 40명이었다. 연구그룹은 벨트 그룹(n=20)과 테이핑 그룹(n=20)으로 나누었다. 벨트 그룹과 테이핑 그룹은 각각 허리벨트와 테이핑을 적용시켰으며 자신의 몸무게의 10% 무게의 물건을 들어 올리도록 하여 척추세움근과 넙다리곧은근의 근활성도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 벨트 그룹과 테이핑 그룹 모두에서 좌․우측 척추세움근의 근활성도의 유의한 감소가 나타났다(p<.05). 우측 척추세움근의 경우 두 그룹 간 근활성도 비교에서도 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 이러한 결과는 허리벨트와 테이핑이 복부근육들의 활성화를 통해 척추세움근의 근활성도를 낮추고 복강내압을 감소시킴으로 나타난 결과로 생각할 수 있다. 따라서 테이핑이 요통을 예방하는데 있어 허리벨트를 대신할 수 있는 보조도구로 제안 될 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the use of a waist belt and of the taping method on the spinal erector and femoral rectus muscles while lifting objects, and to investigate the usefulness of taping therapy. The subjects included 40 healthy men and women in their twenties. They were assigned to the belt group (n=20) where each subject in the group was asked to lift an object weighing 10% of his or her body weight while using a waist belt, and the taping group (n=20) where each subject in the group was asked to perform the same activity as that performed by the belt group, but this time using the taping method. The muscle activity significantly decreased in the left and right spinal erector muscles in both groups, but the muscle activity in the right spinal erector muscle was significantly different between the belt and taping method groups. Taping may have decreased the muscle activity of the spinal erector muscle and may have increased the intra-abdominal pressure by activating the abdominal muscles, consequently causing the significant difference in muscular activity in the right spinal erector muscle between the belt and taping method groups. The taping method can thus be used as an alternative for the waist belt for the prevention of backache.

This paper is about design concept and simplified analysis method against dropped object events. The ships and offshore structures are exposed to various types of dropped object accidents such as laydown area struck by drill collar and topside deck hit by food container during their lifetime. Mitigation can be accomplished by proper facility layout and designing structures to safely absorb energy from accidental loads. It shall be designed to avoid loss of life, environmental pollution and loss of assets. Impact loads can lead to structural global collapse of the main structure or punching of a local barrier type structure with potential to escalate directly or indirectly to a global collapse of the structure. This study provides the background information on the issue of dropped object of the shipyard and also focuses on structural assessment of the local individual component such as deck plate, stiffener and web/girder by using simplified analysis method. The results of the simplified analysis method were compared with numerical results using non-linear finite element simulation.

This paper is about design concept and simplified analysis method against dropped object events. The ships and offshore structures are exposed to various types of dropped object accidents such as laydown area struck by drill collar and topside deck hit by food container during their lifetime. Mitigation can be accomplished by proper facility layout and designing structures to safely absorb energy from accidental loads. It shall be designed to avoid loss of life, environmental pollution and loss of assets. Impact loads can lead to structural global collapse of the main structure or punching of a local barrier type structure with potential to escalate directly or indirectly to a global collapse of the structure. This study provides the background information on the issue of dropped object of the shipyard and also focuses on structural assessment of the local individual component such as deck plate, stiffener and web/girder by using simplified analysis method. The results of the simplified analysis method were compared with numerical results using non-linear finite element simulation.