Earticle

이야기콘텐츠 창작 시 작동하는 무의식의 세계가 있다. 작가도 모르는 심연의 무의식 층은 전 인류가 연결되어있기 때문에 작가자신도 모르게 공통의 이야기를 만드는 길로 간다. 이렇게 만들어진 이야기가 원형신화고 오늘날 중요저작도구로 사용되고 있다. 이 원형신화가 발견되기 전에 제작된 무성영화 '달세계 여행'의 구조를 분석하면 여전히 원형의 틀을 찾을 수 있다. 이 영화는 동시대 네 작품으로부터 받은 영감을 작가가 직관적 상상으로 제작한 것임에도 원형의 틀이 완벽하게 드러났다. 이점은 신화의 원형이 지역이나 시간과 상관없이 관계하고 있는 것이다. 짧은 시간에 창작된 이야기가 오랜 시간 전승해온 신화와 같은 구조를 가지고 있는 이유는 인간의 집단 무의식속에 이야기의 원형들이 있기 때문이다. 이 원형이 이야기의 길을 결정해준다. 인간의 두뇌가 무한히 자유로운 상상을 하는 것이 아니라 이 원형의 길을 따라서 겉칠을 하며 응용을 하 는 것이다. 좋은 이야기 콘텐츠는 우리의 집단무의식속 원형이 제시하는 길을 가지 않으면 성공할 확률이 줄어든다.

There is a world of unconscious that works when creating story contents. The unconscious layer of the abyss has the artist goes on the path of creating a common story structure without knowing because the human race is connected. It is monomyth and is now used as an important authoring tool. Analyzing the structure of the silent film "A trip to the Moon" made before the discovery of it, we can still find the frame of monomyth. Although this film is an intuitive imagination of the inspiration received from four contemporary works, the monomyth has been completely revealed.. This means it's still working regardless of area or time. That's why the story that was created in a modern short time has the same structure as the myth that passed down for a long time because there is archetype of story in human collective unconscious. This archetype determines the way the story. The human brain is not infinitely free to imagine but that it can be applied to the surface along the path of the archetype. Good story contents is less likely to succeed if it does not follow the path proposed by the archetype within our collective unconscious.

This study is focused on Jeju Island's shamanistic myth, <Woncheongang Bonpuri> of (Bong-Chun.Park), as a heroic myth that is gaining public sympathy without the emergence and conflict of opponents. The main character, “Oneuri”'s journey has a similar structure that of a hero, so we applied both of Joseph Campbell, Christopher Vogler’s ‘Hero’s Journey’ to analyze <Woncheongang Bonpuri>. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is that it is necessary to analyze the story at the same time with Campbell’s and Vogler’s models when analyze myth from various angles. The Campbell’s model is able to identify the meaning of the trial, described by the narrative structure and components of the myth. The Vogler’s model can identify the components of narratives needed to make content. As a result of the analysis, analysis through Campbell’s model was able to derive elements, gain of acquisition of divinity in the ‘Apotheosis’ stage. Analysis through the Vogler’s model was able to derive elements of the collaborator in the ‘TESTS, ALLIES, ENEMIES’ stage. Story of the Oneuri to realize her parent’s love, was connected to acquisition of divinity. And story of supporting characters who taught way to Woncheongang, was derived ally. Especialy, it could be seen sympothetic components that the acquisition of divinity as an narrative’s catharsis, the ally as mutual help. As the analysis, this study has the following significance. first, analysis results turn up that the two models were different as a result. Second, from analysis results in Campbell's model, identity was derived from acquisition of divinity, and in Vogler's model, mutual help was derived from ally. At this time, identity was judged a empathetic component that could induce empathy for people, mutual help was judged a educational component that emphasized altruism. These contents disprove that components embedded in the same myth can be extracted differently depending on the analysis frame. Finally, this study is meaningful in that the analysis results emphasize the necessity of narrative analysis needed before the discussion of reinterpretation and make contents of myth.

In IT, Stephen King illustrates the nature of domestic and social violence that becomes a literal manifestation of supernatural evil terrorizing the children. This will lead to a discussion on the rise of the supernatural evil personified as It. Then, the focus of this paper will shift towards a discussion on monomyth narrative?theorized by Joseph Campbell. While the paper utilizes a part of Campbell’s theory?the hero’s journey of initiation?this is by no means complete when we deal with a group of children as they are the novel’s collective protagonists. Building on top of Campbell’s theory, the next section of this paper will explore the idea of the “collective” in reading King’s IT. In this section, I will investigate how the children’s collective innocence and imaginary belief become a prerequisite for coping with not only domestic and social violence but also with supernatural evil. Finally, the last part of this paper will examine how the group protagonists’ bond, fellowship and self-sacrifice are essential to defeating the supernatural monster in IT.

본 연구는 이야기산업의 시대를 맞은 구비문학 연구자로서, 스토리텔링 교육과 실제의 기획·창작에 활용될 수 있는 스토리텔링 구조를 제안하기 위한 것이다. 그 가능성을 모색함에 있어 주목되는 것은 신화의 서사구조이다. 신화는 인간 보편의 무의식적 기반인 원형이미지를 풍부하게 함유하는 동시에, 그 서사구조에 있어서도 보편적 인간 삶의 과정이 투영되어 있어 대중적 감응력을 담보하고 있는 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 신화의 보편성과 감응력을 온전히 살려낼 수 있는 구조적 스토리텔링의 원리를 신화의 구조에서 찾아보고자 하였다. 기실 신화의 구조에 착안한 스토리텔링의 원리란 전혀 새로운 것은 아니다. ‘캠벨-보글러’의 원질신화 구조가 이미 스토리텔링의 일반원리로 폭 넓게 활용되고 있는 상황인 것이다. 문제는 유력한 ‘캠벨-보글러’ 모델이 도식적으로 남용되면서 그 본래적 기능을 상실해가고 있다는 점이다. 따라서 그 신화적 기능을 온전히 담보할 수 있는 구조적 차원의 보완책이 필요하다고 보았다. 이에 주목되는 것은 한국 무속신화의 골자를 이루는 ‘자기 발견-극복’의 서사구조이다. 이는 신화의 주인공이 어떠한 정신적 경험을 통해 자기 한계를 극복하고 존재적 완성을 얻어내는가에 초점을 둔 구조이며, 신화 주인공의 서사를 접한 향유자들이 그에 동조하여 어떠한 서사적 경험을 내면화하는지를 말하기 위한 구조이다. 이와 같은 ‘자기발견-극복’의 구조를 ‘캠벨-보글러’의 원질신화 구조와 병치함으로써, 신화의 보편성과 감응력을 온전히 담보할 수 있는 스토리텔링의 구조가 도출될 수 있으리라 보았다. 제시된 구조의 실효성에 대해서는 검증이 필요하겠지만, 추후의 과제로 남겨 보다 면밀한 검증이 이루어질 수 있도록 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a storytelling structure applicable to storytelling education and actual planning and creation as a researcher of oral literature in this age of story industry. What needs to be focused on to figure out that possibility is myth’s narrative structure. Myth guarantees sensitivity from people as it contains archetypical images, the universal basis of humans’ unconsciousness, richly and also reflects the universal processes of human life in terms of its narrative structure, too. Therefore, this study is going to find out the principles of structural storytelling that can reflect myth’s universality and sensitivity entirely from myth’s structure. As a matter of fact, it is not totally new to figure out storytelling principle grounded on myth’s structure. The monomyth structure developed by ‘Campbell-Vogler’ is already widely used as the general principle of storytelling. But the problem is that as the prevalent ‘Campbell-Vogler’ model is abused schematically and currently losing its original function. Accordingly, this author sees that it is needed to devise measures to secure its mythical function entirely in the aspects of its structure. What needs to be focused on here is the narrative structure of ‘self-discovery-overcoming’ which forms the gist of Korean shamanic myths. The structure focuses on how the main character of a myth overcome his or her own limitations through mental experience and gets to accomplish completeness. It is a structure to tell how those encountering the narrative of the myth’s main character come to agree on that and internalize that narrative experience. Putting that ‘self-discovery-overcoming’ structure along with the monomyth structure of ‘Campbell-Vogler’, it would be possible to draw a storytelling structure that can fully secure the universality and sensitivity of a myth. It will be needed to verify if the structure suggested here would turn out to be valid enough, and this researcher will conduct close examination on that afterwards as a follow-up task.

캠벨의 원질신화는 프로이트와 융의 심리학에 영향 받은 원형탐구의 결과물로서, 세계의 모든 이야기의 근원적 동일성을 주장하며 출발과 입문, 회귀의 3단계와 세부적인 16단계의 패턴을 제시한다. 할리우드를 비롯한 문화콘텐츠계는 제작과 분석에 패턴을 적극 활용하고 있다. 그러나 도식의 적용에만 관심을 두다보니 원질신화가 추구하는 바의 진의는 따져 묻지 않으며, 산업적 활용과 연구의 편의성만 강조된 결과 다양성을 훼손하는 콘텐츠 창작의 거푸집으로 오해받기도 한다. 본 연구는 원질신화의 문화콘텐츠적 적용의 현황을 점검하고 결락된 캠벨의 진의를 탐구하여 교훈과 통찰을 얻고자 하였다.

Joseph Campbell's monomyth, which is referred to a notion that every single story in this world is fundamentally the same in terms of its pattern of Departure, Initiation, and Return, is a result of the study developed from Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung's idea of archetype. The cultural industrial sector, represented as Hollywood, adopted this pattern to create and analyze stories. However, focusing on the utilization of the pattern brought about the harmfulness of neglecting the real aspect of the idea of monomyth and its implication. The study aims to reveal its various values and meanings to get lessons and insight.