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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the process of model analysis, design, and production for a full mouth prosthetic rehabilitation of function, esthetics, and pronunciation. Methods: This is a case report of class III malocclusion with a severe anterior incisor occlusion and a prosthetic treatment of patient with poor occlusion of posterior teeth. A provisional restoration based on the diagnostic wax-up was applied to the patient. And then functions, esthetics, and occlusal stability were observed during 4 week tracking period. Final restorations were delivered and evaluated based on a systematic analysis, diagnosis and treatment plan. Results: We confirms that this case study obtained the satisfactory results in terms of functions and esthetics. Conclusion : If we can give the patient the continuous evaluation and progress monitoring, we expect the dentist and the dental technician to design the prosthesis successfully.

Aim First time mothers faced with a continuously crying infant, who do not know how to stop their child from crying, are at risk of developing anxiety and other types of Emotional Unrest. Because continuous Emotional Unrest may lead to an emotional crisis, it is important for healthcare providers to understand causal factors associated with Emotional Unrest among first time mothers faced with a persistently crying infant 6?7 weeks postpartum. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a study population of 217 first time mothers with infants aged 6?7 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure Emotional Unrest, Neighborhood Social Organization, Effective Parenting Support, Understanding of Crying and the Effect of Information Available on Crying, Current Parenting Environment and Characteristics of the Mother and Child. Potential causal factors for Emotional Unrest were explored using structural equation modeling. Results One hundred and thirty two (60.8%) of the mothers experienced persistent crying in the period 6?7 weeks after the birth of their child and 108 (49.7%) mothers experienced Emotional Unrest. Factor analysis revealed five important constructs to be causal factors of Emotional Unrest: Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information, Neighborhood Social Organization and Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated that Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information and Neighborhood Social Organization affect Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety, which then leads to Emotional Unrest. Conclusion This study demonstrated that it will be necessary in future for health-care workers to provide early intervention, such as accurate information about crying as well as concrete and appropriate response measures for dealing with crying. Furthermore, in motherhood/parenting classes and the discharge guidance conducted at birthing centers, it will be necessary to provide guidance on what kind of effective support and local area resources are available to parents following the birth of their child.

In this research, a new Instagram popularity metric was defined, i.e. outsiders percentage (OP) of a post. Outsiders are non-followers who liked a user’s post. It was found that OP is the most effective metric if compared to engagement rate and followers growth. Regression models were tested for predicting OP, using features from user data, post data, hashtag, engagement, and image sentiment. The prediction accuracy (R2), reached up to 71.9% using Random Forest. This research also analyzed the trend of each feature against the OP. It was found that hashtag usage is the most important factor in raising OP.

Numerical study on a lifting system developed for shallow sea test is performed by a CFD model. In this study, the flow behaviors in a lifting pump and flexible hoses is simulated by using FLUENT, a commercial CFD model. Two cases for calculation the pump cavitation behavior are selected according to the hose length and the depth of lifting pump. From the numerical results, it is found that the vortex flow is observed in the first-stage stator and the calculated NPSH meets the minimum required by a lifting pump based on the shallow sea environments.

Patent analysis has been performed in various areas of technology management to understand technology such as research and development planning, new product development, technology innovation, sustainable technology etc. In the patent analysis, the analysis of patent keywords with technological information is very popular and meaningful. So we study on a method for patent keyword analysis, and use the cognitive diagnosis model (CDM) to construct the proposed method. We call our method technological cognitive diagnosis model (TCDM), this provides significant technology structure for understanding target technology using the result of patent keyword analysis by TCDM. We illustrate the performance of the TCDM by the experiments using the patent documents related to artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The final goal of these experiments is to find the relationship between core technologies for AI.

Online social media such as Twitter has been used as an important source for predicting, detecting, or analyzing critical social phenomena such as elections, disease outbreaks, and cyberattacks. In this study, we propose a cyberattack detection model on social media. First, we conduct community detection of users related to cyberattacks on Twitter to identify the most relevant group to the cyberattacks. Second, to effectively identify the tweets related to cyberattacks, we conduct a textual similarity analysis between the tweet and the cyberattack relevant keywords, which overcomes the limitation of lexical analysis of tweets such as keyword-based filtering and frequency of keywords. Finally, we propose a novel cyberattack detection model by integrating both text- and graph-based models. Our methodology has a distinguishing feature from the existing studies in that we incorporate the semantics in Tweets to evaluate the relevance with cyberattacks and employ community detection to identify the most relevant group to the cyberattacks. Through extensive experiments, we show the effectiveness of the proposed model. First, we show that the text analysis in the proposed model outperforms detection accuracy of the keyword frequency-based analysis by up to 29.46%. Second, the community detection improves the detection accuracy by 28.89~35.56% compared to the baseline criteria to select relevant users to the cyberattacks. Through two experiments to measure the relevancy of detected communities to the cyberattack, the results consistently show that the highest relevant community by our community detection shows the highest relevancy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of the family caregivers’ perceived value of caring for older patients. Methods: The hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim was used to perform the concept analysis of perceived value of caring. Concept analysis was conducted in three phases: the theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and final analysis phase. Results: The perceived value of caring was found to have four dimensions and nine attributes. The providing care dimension consisted of two attributes?care behavior and care attitude?and the goals and expectation dimension included three attributes?social norms, family norms, and personal norms. The other two dimensions consisted of two attributes each: a belief in usefulness and a belief in meaning in the building beliefs dimension and life expansion and insight into the future in the suffering sublimation dimension. Finally, perceived value of caring can be defined as the personal belief that behavior or attitude of providing physical, mental, and social services to those in need of care is usefulness and important based on one’s goals and criteria, and with the personal effort of sublimating suffering that arises from care. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is suggested that the use of the perceived value of caring should expand in nursing phenomena.

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to explore how Turkish women experience nausea and vomiting in pregnancy based on the Roy Adaptation Model. Methods: To collect data, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 35 pregnant women who had nausea and vomiting. The sample of the study included pregnant women who were in their first 12 weeks of gestation, did not have medical problems and had nausea, retching and/or vomiting for at least the last 3 days. Data were collected in semi-structured interview form based on the Roy Adaptation Model and with a background data sheet. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis. Results: Data were classified into four adaptive modes according to the Roy Adaptation Model. The behaviors in the physiological mode were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, inadequate nutrition, inguinal pain, burning sensation and irritation in the throat, ketosis, and urinary incontinence. The behaviors in the self-concept mode were feeling weak, crying, inadequate self-care, changes in sexual intercourse, and social isolation. The behaviors in the role function mode were being unable to fulfill the responsibilities at home and work. The behaviors in the interdependence mode were dissatisfaction with relationships. Conclusion: The study findings help nursing staff detect the stimuli and the behaviors of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Further research may evaluate the impact of a counseling program prepared under the guidance of a nursing model on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

Purpose: Family caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) may experience mental and physical health issues. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with family caregiver outcomes and to describe their interrelationships. Methods: Grounded in the stress process model, path analysis was conducted using secondary data from 178 dyads of community-dwelling PLWD and family caregivers in Korea. Caregiver outcome was assessed through caregivers’ health status and stress due to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Agitation and depression were specified as primary stressors, and PLWD factors were included as background factors associated with BPSD, with separate symptom models. Results: Agitation and depression showed the strongest associations with family caregiver stress related to BPSD. Agitation explained 45.1% of caregiver stress related to BPSD variance (β=.66, p<.001), while depression explained 41.5% (β=.63, p<.001). Agitation and depression were related to caregiver health status (β=.17, p=.006; β=.18, p=.017). In both agitation and depression models, female caregivers (β=.19, p=.008, in both models), older age (β=.21, p=.007, in both models), and lower economic status (β=.32, p<.001, in both models) were associated with poorer caregiver health status. Dementia severity and patient age showed indirect associations with caregiver stress related to BPSD through agitation and depression. Conclusion: Agitation and depression were associated with caregiver stress related to BPSD, while caregiver characteristics were associated with health status. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to address BPSD and support caregivers. Family-centered and system-level approaches are essential for improving outcomes for PLWD and their families.

Clustering of vehicles is an important technique to reduce the high mobility effect of vehicles. This paper proposes an analytical model to evaluate the performance of a clustered vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The analytical model is developed to evaluate three important parameters, namely packet delivery ratio, throughput, and delay. The results obtained from the analytical model are also accompanied by simulation results. This model can be further extended by researchers working on clustered VANET scenarios and will be helpful in modeling their protocols or algorithms. Furthermore, this model can verify the simulation results obtained from any network simulator.

Signal scattering in the troposphere is a phenomenon referred to as “troposcatter”, and it is promising method for wireless communication beyond the line of sight (b-LOS). For a troposcatter communication system, it is important to develop a channel model for the tropospheric scatter. Recently, b-LOS communication using troposcatter received much attention for its application to military communication. Thus, a comprehensive review and analysis of conventional ITU-R troposcatter propagation models and recent results would be a timely study. Accordingly, in this study, we analyze and simulate the tropospheric scatter propagation model proposed by the ITU-R. Troposcatter propagation models in ITU-R recommendations consist of three parts: basic transmission loss, gaseous absorption, and a precipitation fading model. The ITU-R P.2001 simulation model shows basic transmission losses of 210 dB and 240 dB at 0.2 GHz and 2 GHz in 300 km distances, respectively. The ITU-R P.452 model results in 20 dB less loss, but this is dependent on measurement conditions. Gaseous absorption and precipitation fading have less than 1 dB loss for frequencies less than 2 GHz, but can increase to be over 10 dB in loss for frequencies of 2 GHz and above. We also review recent studies on tropospheric scatter channel models and communication systems. In addition to these reviews, we examine recent studies on ray tracing methods for tropospheric scatter channel models.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a clear definition of the health literacy for patients with cardiovascular disease by analyzing the dimensions and properties using Hybrid concept analysis. Methods: The concept of health literacy of patients with cardiovascular disease was analyzed according to the cyclic process of theoretical phase-field work phase-final analysis phase presented in the Hybrid model. We reviewed 26 literatures and conducted in-depth interviews with 13 patients with cardiovascular disease. Results: The concept of health literacy in cardiovascular patients is derived from two dimensions and five attributes. Literacy skills, health information search ability and health information utilization skills were derived as attributes in the individual functional dimension, while active communication with the medical team and utilization of health information support resources were derived at the interrelational dimension. It is defined as the individualized and integrated ability of an individual to explore and utilize the various health information needed to make appropriate health decisions during the chronic course after diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, to communicate proactively with medical staffs and to utilize support resources. Conclusion: This study will contribute to the development and related research of health literacy measurement tools that can be used in cardiovascular nursing practice based on the attributes and indicators of health literacy for patients with cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial distribution of hypertension prevalence and to investigate individual and regional-level factors contributing to the prevalence of hypertension in the region. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research using the 2015 Community Health Survey. Total 64,473 people from 7 metropolitan cities were used for the final analysis. Geoda program was adopted to identify the regional distribution of hypertension prevalence and analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis using SPSS statistics 23.0 program. Multi-level analysis was performed using SPSS (GLMM). Results: The prevalence of hypertension was related to individual level factors such as age, monthly household income, normal salt intake, walking practice days, and regional level factors including number of doctors per 10,000 population, number of parks, and fast food score. Besides, regional level factors were associated with hypertension prevalencies independently without the effects of individual level factors even though the influences of individual level factors ware larger than those of regional factors. Conclusion: Respectively, both individual and regional level factors should be considered in hypertension intervention programs. Also, a national level research is further required by exploring various environmental factors and those influences relating to the hypertension prevalence.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. Methods Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. Results The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including “active participation”, “informed change”, “knowledge to problem solve”, “self-care responsibility”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”. Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as “awareness promotion”, “sense of control”, “the development of personal abilities”, “autonomy”, and “coping”. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included “social participation”, “informed change”, “awareness promotion to problem solve”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”, “autonomy”, “coping” and “the development of personal abilities”. Conclusion The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. Results: The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including “active participation”, “informed change”, “knowledge to problem solve”, “self-care responsibility”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”. Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as “awareness promotion”, “sense of control”, “the development of personal abilities”, “autonomy”, and “coping”. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included “social participation”, “informed change”, “awareness promotion to problem solve”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”, “autonomy”, “coping” and “the development of personal abilities”. Conclusion: The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.

Purpose: This study analyzed educational needs of home care nurses to improve the quality of home care service and identify priority educational subjects. Methods: This study analyzed the training priorities of 54 home care nurses working at community service centers or public health centers in Seoul, Korea, using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus of Focus model. The home care nurses’ tasks were categorized into 21 tasks and 85 task elements. Results: Six priority educational subjects were identified: 1) health assessment and monitoring, 2) nursing records and information management, 3) health education and counseling techniques, 4) home care supplies management, 5) recipient identification and communication skills, and 6) care recipient classification and management. Activities related to one-on-one health management, such as health screening, measurements, and disease management counseling, were found to be high priorities. In contrast, small group program planning and operation were rated as a low priority. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of incorporating identified educational needs into training curricula for home care nurses. Regular assessment and integration of these needs into educational programs are crucial for enhancing nursing competence and service quality.

Purpose: This study identified the attributes and indicators of end-of-life care competency in long-term care hospital nurses and clarified the definition of the concept. Methods: The Competency Outcomes Performance Assessment model was used as a conceptual framework, and conceptual analysis was performed using the hybrid model presented by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. In the theoretical phase, the attributes of end-of-life care competencies were explored through a literature review. In the fieldwork phase, focus group interview data were analyzed to derive the attributes of nursing competency at the end of life. In the final analysis phase, the attributes and indicators of end-of-life care competency were compared, analyzed, and integrated. Results: The attributes of end-of-life care competency among nurses in long-term care hospitals included comprehensive symptom management, effective communication, situational response, patient-centered care, information provision and education, resource management, demonstrating leadership, and professional development. Conclusion: End-of-life care competency in long-term care hospital nurses can be defined as a comprehensive set of competencies that includes symptom management, situational adaptation, effective communication, resource utilization, leadership, patient-centered care, meeting the needs of patients’ families through adequate information provision and education, and enhancing individual nursing capabilities through professional development. These results can serve as a foundation for developing tools to measure end-of-life care competencies among nurses in long-term care hospitals.

Purpose: Body image distortion (BID) in adolescents is a crucial problem that causes both abnormal eating habits and unhealthy weight control behaviors. COVID-19 has had a negative impact on adolescents’ psychological and behavioral status, and this might influence the onset of BID in adolescents. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for BID in Korean adolescents using decision tree analysis. Methods: The decision tree analysis was used to develop a prediction model for BID in Korean adolescents using the data of 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Web-based (KYRBS). Results: In the present study, about one-third of the study subjects (31%, n=6,316) showed BID. The BID rate was higher in females (37.2%, node1) than in males (21.2%, node2). Female students with severe GAD-7 level and smartphone use on the weekend over 12h showed the highest rate of BID (66.9%). As to males, the BID rate was the highest (33.1%) among middle school male students who did strength training once a week or none. Conclusion: In order to reduce BID, there is a need to develop a customized BID education and management programs.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the importance and performance levels of the duties related to public health crisis response of the aircraft quarantine officials and to analyze their educational needs for public health crisis. Methods: The subjects were quarantine officials at Incheon airport in Korea, and data from a total of 121 individuals were utilized for analysis. Data were analyzed by an independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA for the importance and performance of duties regarding public health crisis according to general characteristics. An Importance-performance analysis (IPA) and Borich needs assessment model were used to analyze public health crisis education needs. Results: The IPA analysis revealed that the area requiring focused improvement efforts (concentrate here), where importance is high, but performance is low, primarily includes epidemiological investigation of emerging infectious diseases. The Borich needs assessment was used to identify the following priority items: epidemiological investigation of emerging infectious diseases, occurrence of social disaster after patient isolation, donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE), and epidemiological investigation of respiratory infectious diseases. Conclusion: Based on these results, it will be necessary to develop and implement practical education and training programs for aircraft quarantine officials.

Purpose: Although the importance of health promotion for nurses is increasing, there is a lack of meta-analyses targeting nurses in the world. This study aimed to identify the effect sizes between the health-promoting behaviors and related variables of nurses working in Korea. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The literature included in this meta-analysis was published between 1994 and 2022 in core databases such as KMbase, KISS, KoreaMed, ScienceON, DBpia, NAL, RISS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, WoS, PubMed, and hand searched. In this study, the PICO-SD framework was applied with Participants being nurses actively working in various healthcare settings across Korea, and for a more comprehensive search, intervention and comparisons were not set. The outcomes measured were nurses' health-promoting behaviors, assessed using structured tools. The study design included observational studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and the R software program were used for meta-analysis. Results: In total, 50 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The total effect size of the 50 articles was moderate (correlation effect size [ESr] = 0.30). The individual variables presented in the 50 articles were classified into nine sub-categories according to Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). Among them, situational influences demonstrated the largest effect size (ESr = 0.44, number of studies [k] = 2), followed by perceived self-efficacy (ESr = 0.39, k = 10) and activity-related affect (ESr = 0.32, k = 12). Conclusions: To achieve the optimal health status of nurses through health promotion intervention programs, these effective variables ? situational influences, perceived self-efficacy, and activity-related affect ? should be considered when developing the intervention program for nurses. Registration: CRD42022299907.