Earticle

의약품 정보검색 서비스를 사용할 때 대표적인 검색방법은 ATC(Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification) 코드를 사용하는 것이다. 기존의 ATC코드 기반 의약정보 검색은 주요 성분이 한가지인 단일제 검색에 는 매우 유용하다. 하지만 복합제의 경우에는 검색 오류가 종종 발생하고 있다. 이 문제의 원인은 ATC코드 기반 검색은 단일제 ATC 코드를 패턴매칭하여 진행 된다는 것이다 .본 연구는 ATC코드기반 검색 시 주성분을 기준으로 복합제를 검색하는 요구사항 시나리오를 분석하여 ATC코드기반 매핑 스키마를 설계하였다. ATC코드기반 매핑 스키마는 복합제 의 ATC코드와 복합제에 포함된 모든 단일제의 ATC코드를 저장한 스키마를 의미한다. 이 스키마를 사용한 ATC코드기 반 검색은 단일제의 주성분으로 복합제를 검색하므로 기존 방법보다 높은 정확도를 가진다. ATC코드기반 매핑 스키마 는 의사의 환자 처방 효율을 높일 수 있고 의약품 안전 사용 서비스의 정확도를 올릴 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

When using Medical Information Retrievalservices, a typical retrieval method is to use the Anatomic Therapyutic Chemical Classification (ATC) code. Traditional ATC code-based medical information retrieval is very useful for single ingredient product retrieval with single ingredient . However, in the case of complex , retrieval errors often occur. The cause of this problem is that ATC code-based retrieval proceeds by pattern matching ATC code.In this work, we design the mapping scheme based on ATC code by analyzing the requirement scenarios for retrieval based on main ingredient in ATC code-based retrieval. the mapping scheme based on ATC is a schema that stores the ATC code of the complex and all the ATC code of the single agent included in the complex. ATC code-based retrieval using this schema retrieves a complex as ingredient of a single ingredient product, thus having higher accuracy than existing methods. the mapping scheme based on ATC is expected to increase the efficiency of doctors' prescription of patients and increase the accuracy of drug safety use services.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L (Mindfulness & Loving presence) psychotherapy on the patient with panic disorder. Methods: The subject for this study was the patient diagnosed with panic disorder who complained about intermittent panic attack and accompanying insomnia. During the treatment period, the patient received complex Korean therapy and M&L psychotherapy. The clinical effects were evaluated through Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: After the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy, the overall symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic disorder and insomnia of the patient were lessened in a relatively short period. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during the treatment period. Conclusions: This study established that the complex Korean medicine therapy and M&L psychotherapy was effective in treating patients with panic disorder.

Infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have a higher chance of experiencing seizures before the age of 1 year; in particular, they commonly accompany infantile spasms. In cases where infantile spasms resulting from TSC are drug-resistant, more severe neuro-developmental and cognitive impairments occur. This particular case dealt with an infant with TSC who continued to experience partial seizures and infantile spasms despite using two different kinds of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). His spasms ceased on the seventh day of taking modified Yukmijihwang-tang (YMJ), at which point he stopped the use of all AEDs. He became seizure-free after a month of the treatment and modified hypsarrythmia was found to have been resolved in the electroencephalogram test. Until now, the infant has been taking YMJ for 16 months and is maintaining the seizure-free state without side effects. Moreover, his developmental status is continually improving, with a significant progress in language and cognitive-adaptive abilities. Such results suggest that YMJ can serve as an alternative treatment option for refractory epilepsy.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of herbal medicine complex (HMC) containing Camellia sinensis L., Duchoesna chrysantha, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque on skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis. First, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of HMC in TNF-α induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell). Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-8) mRNA and protein. Four-weeks old male NC/Nga mice were treated with 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) solution and used as an atopic dermatitis mice model. And, HMC (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) was administered directly into the stomach of mice for 4 weeks, and blood or serum analysis, tissue staining were performed after oral gavage. As a result HMC inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8, which had been increased by TNF-α in HaCaT cells. In addition, the protein expression was also significantly suppressed in the same way as the mRNA expression results. The in vivo experiment results showed that, HMC administration reduced thickening of the epidermis and infiltration of eosinophil into the skin stratum basale compared to DNCB treatment. In addition, HMC administration significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13) production and immunocyte (white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil) count compared to DNCB treatment. Moreover, the serum IgE and histamine level was decreased by HMC administration. These results suggest that HMC can be used as effective herbal medicine extract for skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis. And this study may contribute to the development of the herbal medicine-based drug for the treatment of skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single herbal medicines and Korean herbal medicine complex prescriptions for osteoporosis in Korea. We targeted studies published in domestic journals from January 1, 2013 to April 1, 2021. For domestic databases, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, DBpia, KISS, KISTI, and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal were used. Words such as "osteoporosis", "herbal medicine", "herbal combination prescription" and "herbal" were combined and searched. A total of 32 studies were selected. Among them, 8 studies were conducted exclusively for animal studies, 18 studies were conducted on cell experiments, and 6 studies were conducted on both animal and cell experiments. There were 18 studies using a single herb and 14 studies using a combination of Herbal medicine. As a result of the investigation of a single herb, it was found that 補陽藥 was most widely used, and it was found that it was mainly used in the herbal combination prescription, mainly for 補陽藥, 補氣藥, and 補陰藥. Studies in animal experiments revealed significant results mainly in bone mineral density, serological indicators, and morphological indicators of bone tissue. In the study of cell experiments, the effects were found in factors related to the differentiation of osteoclasts and inhibitors of inflammation. Through the results of this study, we are able to confirm the effective single herbal medicines and herbal medicine complex prescriptions for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it is expected that they will contribute to clinical treatment.

Objective: This case report evaluates the effectiveness of integrative Korean medicine treatment, including Modified Sasammaekdong-tang, in improving the symptoms of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: A 62-year-old female with Sjögren's syndrome presented with dry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, left hip pain, and lower back pain. She received 31 days of inpatient treatment, including modified Sasammaekdong-tang. Her pattern identification was Yin deficiency with heat syndrome (陰虛潮熱). Acupuncture was applied at points such as CV24 (Chengjiang), TE5 (Waiguan), and KI6 (Zhaohai), along with pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, and moxibustion. Results: ESSPRI scores improved from 8.33 to 3.67, ODI scores decreased from 71.1% to 35.5%, and EQ-5D-5L scores showed an enhanced quality of life. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms occurred but were resolved with additional prescriptions, demonstrating low side effects and high compliance. Conclusion: This case supports the potential for integrative Korean medicine treatment as a safe and effective approach for managing the symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of herbal medicine complex extract (NI-01), which were prepared from 6 natural materials (Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Lonicerae Flos, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Arctium lappa Linne, Schzandra chinesis Bailon, Elsholtzia ciliata Hylander), as a functional material for inhibition of atopic dermatitis. anti-oxidative activity was confirmed by measuring DPPH electron donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging ability. Cytotoxicity and NO inhibition were measured using RAW 264.7 cells to confirm anti-inflammatory efficacy. The test substance was orally administered to the pruritus-induced ICR mice to confirm the inhibition of pruritus. The bovine cornea opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay was performed to confirm safety for irritation. NI-01 showed high antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+ methods. In the anti-inflammatory effect tests with RAW 264.7 cells, NO production was inhibited at NI-01 concentrations of 50 (14.9%) and 100 (4.2%) μg/mL, which indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. NI-01 also showed anti-itching effect after inducing of itching by compound 48/80 in ICR mice. NI-01 was proved to be a non-irritant substance in BCOP assay. The results of this study suggested that the herbal medicine combined extract (NI-01) has high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-itching effects, and safety for irritation. Therefore, herbal medicine complex extract (NI-01) is thought to be highly applicable for the inhibitory ingredients of the atopic dermatitis.

Objectives This case study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Complex Korean Medicine Treatment on cervical dystonia. Methods Complex Korean medicine treatments were conducted on patients with cervical dystonia. To measure and follow up the degree of cervical rotation and side bending malposition, we analyzed X-ray images filmed at the Atlas open mouth view and C-spine AP view every 2 weeks. Range of motion test was conducted every week to evaluate the functional level of cervical spine. Moreover, outcome estimates were performed using the Tsui rating score, numeric rating scale, and pain disability index. Results After complex treatment, the degree of cervical rotation and right lateral flexion malposition improved. Pain on cervical spine decreased and functional activities of daily living improved. Conclusions Our study reveals that Complex Korean Medicine Treatment may improve cervical dystonia. In the future, research with a high level of evidence should be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of chuna manual therapy and Korean Medicine Treatment. Our study is expected to be a theorical and clinical background.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effects of traditional complex Korean medicine therapy, including Chuna manual therapy, on relieving neck pain and improving function in patients after thyroidectomy. Methods Complex Korean medicine therapy was administered to patients experiencing postoperative neck pain following thyroidectomy. Pain, functional improvement, and quality of life were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Range of Motion, and Karnofsky Performance Scale every week. Results After treatment, both patients showed a reduction in Numeric Rating Scale and Neck Disability Index scores. Improvements in Range of Motion and Karnofsky Performance Scalee were also observed. Cervical spine pain decreased, and cervical function and quality of life improved. Conclusions Our study suggests that traditional Korean integrative therapy may effectively alleviate postoperative neck pain and improve functional outcomes, contributing to an enhanced quality of life for patients following thyroidectomy.

Introduction: This case describes a 64-year-old female receiving herbal medicine and acupuncture for pain whose uncontrolled glycemic markers and symptoms improved with continued treatment. Case presentation: The patient initially received acupuncture for neck pain for two months, with minimal relief. Considering coexisting edema, insomnia, and fatigue, three months of herbal medicine were administered, during which glucose (310 mg/dL) and HbA1c (9.5%) spiked without any identifiable cause. Believing that these uncontrolled glycemic markers were related to overall symptoms, Chaihu-Jia-Longgu-Muli-Tang (CHJLGMLT; Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang) was prescribed for two more months, followed by one month of Linggui-Zhugan-Tang (LGZGT; Yeonggyechulgam-tang). After two months of CHJLGMLT, HbA1c improved to 5.8%, glucose to 123 mg/dL; after one month of LGZGT, HbA1c was 5.9%, and glucose remained at 123 mg/dL. Neck pain dropped from Numerical Rating Scale 8 to 5, insomnia from 6 to 3, fatigue from 9 to 5, and edema from 4 to 2. Conclusion: This case report suggests that Korean integrative medicine can contribute to improved glycemic control and reduced polypharmacy in diabetic patients. Further large-scale trials and standardized guidelines are required to validate its efficacy and safety.

Objective: This study reports a case of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) accompanied by qi deficiency symptoms treated with Korean medicine, including herbal medicine and chuna therapy. Results: During hospitalization (April 7-16, 2025), the patient's symptoms improved significantly. Dizziness decreased from Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 8 at admission to NRS 1 at discharge, and neck pain decreased from NRS 7 to NRS 1. The DHI score markedly improved from 64 (severe) to 10 (mild) after treatment. Conclusions: This case suggests that integrative Korean medicine treatment, including Bojungikgi-tang and Chuna therapy with the SJS non-resistance technique, may be effective in alleviating dizziness, neck pain, and qi deficiency symptoms in patients with BPPV. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the therapeutic potentials of these interventions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the effect of complex Korean medicine treatments on Essential Tremor Plus (ET plus) patient aggravated by a traffic accident. Methods: We treated an ET plus patient with complex Korean medicine. The patient's resting tremor and kinetic tremor in both hands intensified after experiencing a traffic accident, with tremor in the left hand being worse than that in the right hand. Effect of complex Korean medicine treatment was evaluated using Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: After 26 weeks of treatments (acupuncture, pharmacupuncture, cupping, Iigyeungbyunqi-therapy, and herbal medicine), the FTMTRS decreased from 38 to 15. NRS of Lt. upper limb pain decreased from NRS 9 to 0. BAI score also decreased from 31 to 17. Conclusions: Complex Korean medicine could be used to treat patients with ET plus aggravated by a traffic accident.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of the complex Korean medicine therapy on a patient with BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) due to suspected Alzheimer's disease. Methods: We experienced an age 73 female who complained of a depressive mood, insomnia, and accompanying symptoms such as abnormal behavior. During treatment, the patient received acupuncture and herbal medicine. The clinical effects were evaluated through KGDS (Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) and subjective statements of the patient. Results: After the complex Korean medicine therapy, the treatments ameliorated overall symptoms that the patient complained about. The patient was more positive and slept better after the treatment. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility of treating patients with BPSD with complex Korean medicine therapy.

Objesctives: This study reports the effect of Korean medicine treatment on a patient with abdominal and lower back pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: The patient received Korean herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture treatment, and acupuncture treatment for six days. We measured the numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Range of Motion (ROM), and Life-5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D) to assess symptom changes. Results: After treatment, the patient showed decreased numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), as well as augmented Range of Motion (ROM) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D). Conclusion: The results indicate that Korean medicine treatment is effective management for patients with abdominal and lower back pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Objective: This study investigated the treatment response to Korean medicine in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer with pleural effusion and hematuria. Case presentation: A 69-year-old male diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer complained of dyspnea due to pleural effusion, general weakness, and hematuria. He received Korean medicine, including modified Jeoryeong-tang and Shipjeondaebo-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping, combined with Western medicine and physical therapy for 92 days. General physical status improved, with significant decreases in ECOG performance status and PHQ-4 scores. Conclusion: Complex Korean medicine treatment may improve quality of life in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, further studies without concurrent Western medicine are required.

Objectives: This case report investigates the effectiveness of Korean medicine in treating insomnia characterized by hemibody heat sensation and sweating, which is associated with central post-stroke pain (CPSP) following a corona radiata infarction. Methods: A 67-year-old male patient underwent comprehensive Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and personalized herbal prescriptions mainly based on Hwangyeonagkyo-tang and its modifications. Sleep quality was assessed using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K), while hemibody heat sensation and sweating were retrospectively measured with the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and a 4-point Thermal Sensation Rating Scale. Results: After treatment, the PSQI-K score improved from 14 to 5, along with a significant reduction in heat sensation and sweating. The inter-rater reliability for retrospective quantification was confirmed. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the potential of Korean medicine, particularly Hwangyeonagkyo-tang, in managing insomnia related to CPSP in patients with corona radiata infarction.

Objectives: This study investigated the treatment response to Korean medicine of a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) patient with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female diagnosed with PCD complained of dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. During 32-day hospitalization, she was treated with Korean medicine, namely, herbal medicine (modified Gamiguibi-tang), acupuncture (15 minutes twice a day at CV23, HT7, LI4, LR3, ST36, SP6, GB20, TE17, PC6, GV20, Ex-HN1, GV24 etc.), moxibustion, and cupping, combined with Western medicine (prednisolone, azathioprine) and physical therapy. Post-treatment, the patient global assessment (PGA) score of dysarthria fell from 100 to 60; grasp power rose from 15 kg to 19 kg and 13 kg to 17 kg in the right and left hands, respectively; and the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L), EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) scores changed from 10 to 8, 0 to 80, and 34 to 7 respectively. Follow-up visits continued for about a month after discharge, improvement in symptoms maintained, and there were no significant side effects. Conclusions: Given the lack of standard treatment for PCD, Korean medicine can be tried clinically for the treatment of PCD patients with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. However, further studies with control groups are needed.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of complex Korean medicine treatment on decreased mental status in a progressive supranuclear palsy patient with a cerebrovascular accident. Case presentation: The patient was treated with Korean medicine composed of herbal medicine (modified Guibi-tang), acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping combined with Western medicine (a dopamine precursor and an anticholinergic) and physical therapy. The Glasgow Coma Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to evaluate the effects of the treatments. After treatment, Glasgow Coma Scores increased from 9-10 to 12-13, and Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screen scores increased from 1 to 2. The Hoehn and Yahr score remained at 5. There were no side effects of the treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that complex Korean medicine treatments may be effective for the decreased mental status of a progressive supranuclear palsy patient with a cerebrovascular accident, but further studies are needed.