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Increasingly the information technology (IT) outsourcing phenomenon has been a subject of much academic research. Scholars have argued that knowledge complementarities playa crucial role in forming successful IT outsourcing relationships. However, notwithstanding the fast growth of IT outsourcing, prior studies on IT outsourcing have not included knowledge complementarities in their research design as a determining factor for IT outsourcing effectiveness. Further, the understanding of knowledge complementarities itself remains ambiguous. In this study, the concept of knowledge complementarities is explored in the IT outsourcing context at the firm level. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: what is knowledge complementarities? How does it affect IT outsourcing effectiveness? Is the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness influenced by organizational trust between the client and the vendor? Grounded in the relevant theories to knowledge management and IT outsourcing, we develop a research model in which both the main effects of knowledge complementarities and organizational trust and the moderating effect of organizational trust on the relationships between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness are tested. Within this research model, we develop a second order construct of knowledge complementarities, consisting of complementary business knowledge and complementary IT knowledge as the first order constructs. We have used data from a field study of 103 firms in Korea to test the proposed model. Controlling the effects of conflict resolution efforts, our empirical analysis found significant main effects of knowledge complementarities and organizational trust on IT outsourcing effectiveness. The results suggest that knowledge complementarities between the client and vendor positively contribute to IT outsourcing effectiveness. Specifically, the client needs to have enough IT knowledge to assess the quality of IT outsourcing services provided by the vendor. Meanwhile, the vendor should understand the client's business well enough to provide IT services, Contrary to our expectations, the moderating effect of trust on the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness was not supported in this study. The results also show that organizational trust between client and vendor significantly influences IT outsourcing effectiveness. As for contributions of this study, we have not only clarified the concept of knowledge complementarities, but also developed an instrument to measure the concept and empirically validated it. Further, we have tested the idea that knowledge complementarities and trust directly influence IT outsourcing effectiveness and trust moderates the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness. Out results prescribe the knowledge complementarities of client and vendor as a useful path to IT outsourcing effectiveness. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed in the paper.

Despite the growing emphasis on the importance of knowledge exchange among supply chain partic-ipants, few companies have fully exploited the knowledge resources held by their supply chain partners. Among many reasons for this phenomenon, recent literature on inter-firm knowledge exchange identifies knowledge complementarities between the supply channel partners as an important determinant of knowl-edge exchange. Firms participating in a supply chain are likely to exchange partners’ complementary knowledge. In order to extract value from them, it is important to recognize the difference between the potential value and the implementation of this potential value. However, the literature fails to distinguish between potential knowledge complementarities and implemented knowledge complementarities. In order to realize the value of potential knowledge complementarities, knowledge should be exchanged and effec-tively integrated in the supply channel. Further, investigating inter-firm knowledge exchange from both partners’ perspectives is important espe-cially when there are interdependencies between the channel partners. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of potential knowledge complementarities on knowledge exchange in buyer-suppli-er relationships by looking at both partners’ perspectives. This research also includes trust in partner’s com-petence and inter-organizational information systems (IOIS) as they are relevant when the complementary knowledge flows between organizations. The data required for this field study was collected from 70 buyers and their suppliers in three multinational enterprises in two different industries (Automobile manufacturing and Telecommunication services) head-quartered in Korea. The results indicate that potential knowledge complementarities between buyer and supplier do not directly influence knowledge exchange, but indirectly through trust in partner’s competence. And the results indicate that competence-based trust and IOIS have direct effects on knowledge exchange. Empirical results also show that IOIS moderates the relationship between potential knowledge com-plementarities and knowledge exchange. This study is a first attempt to empirically verify the theoretical model about potential knowledge com-plementarities and to investigate the impact of potential knowledge complementarities on interfirm knowl-edge exchange. From a theoretical perspective, this study not only clarifies the distinction between potential knowledge complementarities and implemented knowledge complementarities, but also develops an instru-ment to measure the concept of potential knowledge complementarities in the context of operational and planning knowledge in a supply chain. Further, we develop a theoretical framework suggesting that potential knowledge complementarities of partners in a supply chain affect knowledge exchange directly and indirectly through competence-based trust. The findings from this study have some managerial implications for practicing managers as well. First, buyers should search for suppliers that have potential complementary knowledge, which can be integrated to create synergy through interfirm knowledge exchange. Furthermore, firms must develop mechanisms to identify potential complementary knowledge of partners. Second, firms should continue their endeavor to develop their own unique knowledge so that their knowledge can benefit the entire supply channel. Finally, trust among supply chain partners turns out to be an important factor for interfirm knowledge exchange. Therefore, effective management for engendering trustworthy buyer-supplier relationships should receive ap-propriate attention from managers.

Recently, as Information System projects tend to be more complex, the importance of Information System Audit increases. In the same context, the need for the resident IS Audit also increases, which is supposed to deal with the possible risks and urgent issues by providing the appropriate support and timely coordination during IS project. Basically, for the effective IS Audit, the IS audit team members should be able to understand such a business context as work characteristics, business knowledge, goals, and culture of the organization. The audit team members should also be able to share the various knowledge of Information Technology and audit procedure with the owner of the project. Especially, for the resident audit, it is more important to fill the gaps in expertise between project owner and audit team. However, any studies on the need of common knowledge base (knowledge complementarities) in the IS audit have not been done so far. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the knowledge complementarity based on inter-organizational communication between the project owner and audit team members makes an effect on the fidelity and performance of IS audit. In order to do this, the relationship among inter-organizational communication and knowledge complementarity, the fidelity of IS audit service, and performance of IS audit has been analyzed, using Structural Equation Model. The result shows that all the relationship is significant, which means that knowledge complementarity between the two different interest groups should be an effective factor on the fidelity and performance of IS audit. This result implies that, for better quality of IS Audit service, how to acquire the knowledge complementarity between the project owner and Audit team should be considered seriously as well as systematically in the process of IS Audit.

본 논문에서는 한국의 첫 방인 수도회인 한국순교복자성직수도회 창설자 방유룡 안드레아 신부의 순교 영성을 계시신학의 전망에서 고찰하고자 한다. 현대 계시신학의 중요 주제인 ‘계시와 실존의 관계’의 맥락에서 ‘그리스도 계시의 한국적 토착화’를 위한 방 신부의 순교 영성의 의의를 모색하려는 것이다. 방 안드레아 신부는 어떠한 이유로 한국 순교자들의 신앙과 삶에서 하느님과 일치에 이르는 수도생활의 그 이상과 실현방법을 찾은 것일까? 본 논문은 무엇보다 한국인의 진리와 구원을 찾는 영적 탐구와 그리스도의 하느님에게서 궁극적 구원을 발견하는 신앙 인식이 한국 순교자들에게서 조우한다는 것에 주목하였다. 그리스도교 계시 문제를 해석학적 입장에서 제기하며, 앞의 두 방향을 주제화하는 폴 리쾨르의 ‘증언의 해석학’과 앙리 부이야르의 ‘자연적 신 인식’ 연구를 차례로 분석하여, 순교 영성이 오늘의 계시신학에서 차지하는 의의를 밝히고자 하였다. 자연적 신 인식과 증언의 해석학이 상호 보완적 관계 안에서 계시와 신앙과 실존을 연결시킬 새로운 전망을 열어준다면, 두 방향의 흐름이 교차하는 순교 영성의 연구는 오늘 한국 사회에서 그리스도 신앙을 한국인의 구체적 체험과 연결시킬 중요한 실마리를 제공해줄 것으로 기대하였기 때문이다. 이러한 고찰을 바탕으로 그리스도 계시의 토착화를 위한 한국 신학의 과제를 제시하고, 방 안드레아 신부의 저서를 바탕으로 그의 순교 영성을 오늘날 새롭게 계승하기 위한 발전적 과제를 제안하고자 하였다. 이는 복자 수도회가 추구하는 순교 영성을 계시와 신앙의 본질적 차원에서 새롭게 조명하고 설립자의 카리스마를 새 시대에 새롭게 현실화시키는 계기를 마련하고자 함이다.

In this article, from the perspective of the Revelation Theology, the spirituality of the martyrdom of Father Mua Andrew, Bang Yuryong is studied. He is the founder of the Congregation of the Holy Martyrs of Korea, the first indigenous Catholic congregation of Korea. The article deals with the actuality of his spirituality for the korean inculturation of Christian revelation in the context of the relationship between revelation and existence which is an important subject of the today’s Revelation Theology. Why did Fr. Bang seek the ideal and concrete realization of consecrated life in the faith and life of the Korean martyrs? This research focuses its attention on the fact that it is in the martyrs of Korea that the spirituality and the knowledge of the faith among Koreans are joined. While posing the problem of revelation from a hermeneutic point of view, I want to analyze respectively the Ricoeur’s ‘hermeneutic of testimony’ and Bouillard’s ‘natural knowledge of God’, and thus show the place occupied by the spirituality of martyrdom in the Revelation Theology. If the natural knowledge of God and the hermeneutic of testimony open up new perspectives in their colloquial relationship to articulate revelation, faith and existence, the study of the spirituality of martyrdom in which these two movements are joined seems to provide an important key to articulate the Christian faith and the concrete experience of Koreans in our current society. On the basis of this research, I try to propose some tasks for the inculturation of Christian revelation, as well as to inherit in a new way the spirituality of martyrdom. This is to illuminate the spirituality of the martyrdom of the fr. Bang's congregation at the level of the nature of revelation and faith, and to actualize the charisma of the founder in this new world.