Earticle

기존 스마트폰에서 사용된 PIN과 같은 인증기법은 디스플레이 구조의 변형 또는 화면 크기의 가변성에 대한 고려가 이루어지지 않아 최근의 가변 디스플레이 기반 스마트폰에 적용될 경우 비밀정보 입력부의 축소나 확대로 발생 가능한 취약 점과 같은 디스플레이 면적의 변형에 따른 사회공학 공격에 대한 취약점이 있다. 본 연구는 롤러블 및 벤더블 스마트폰과 같 이 디스플레이 크기 변화에 대응하는 보안 키패드를 제안한다. 이를 위해 우선 각 기존 인증기법에서 새로운 폼팩터에 적용될 경우 발생할 수 있는 보안 문제를 분석하였으며 이에 대응하는 보안 요구사항을 도출하였다. 제안하는 보안 키패드는 롤러블 및 벤더블 스마트폰의 디스플레이 크기에 따라 입력에 적합한 간격과 크기로 키의 배열 및 배치가 변형 가능하므로 화면 크기 가 작을 때 발생할 수 있는 키 입력 오류 문제를 고려하였다. 또한, 키 입력 좌표를 불규칙적으로 분산하여 사회공학 공격에 대한 입력 정보 유출 문제도 고려하였다. 제안 기법은 다양한 크기와 형태의 스마트폰에서 사용할 수 있어 기존 기법보다 더 나은 사용자 경험과 보안성을 제공한다.

Conventional methods like PIN used in conventional smartphone form factor have not considered the variation in display structure or screen size. As a result, when applied to recent variable display-based smartphones, the secret information input unit may get reduced or enlarged, leading to vulnerabilities for social engineering attacks due to deformation of the display area. This study proposes a secure keypad that responds to changes in display size in rollable and bendable smart phones. Firstly, the security problems that may arise when applying classical authentication methods to new form factors were analyzed, and corresponding security requirements were derived. The proposed security keypad addresses the key input error problem that can occur when the screen size is small. The arrangement and size of keys can be deformed with the spacing suitable for input depending on the display size of rollable and bendable smartphones. The study also considered the problem of leaking input information for social engineering attacks by irregularly distributing key input coordinates. The proposed method provides better user experience and security than existing methods and can be used in smartphones of various sizes and shapes.

KaVA (KVN and VERA Array) is a new combined VLBI array composed of KVN (Korean VLBI Network) and VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). Here, we report the following two issues. (1) We review the initial results of imaging observations of M87 at 23 GHz following Niinuma et al. (2014). The KaVA images reveal extended outflows including complex substructures such as knots and limb-brightening, in agreement with previous VLBI observations. KaVA achieves a high dynamic range of ~1000, more than three times better than that achieved by VERA alone. (2) Based on subsequent observations and discussions led by the KaVA AGN SubWorking Group, we set monitoring observations of Sgr $A^{\ast}$ and M87 as our Key Science Project (hereafter KSP) because of the closeness and largeness of their central super-massive black holes. The main science goals of the KSP are (i) testing the magnetically-driven-jet paradigm by mapping velocity fields of the M87 jet, and (ii) obtaining tight constraints on physical properties of the radio emitting region in Sgr $A^{\ast}$. Towards KSP, we show the first preliminary images of M87 at 23 GHz and Sgr $A^{\ast}$ at 43 GHz with the bandwidth of 256 MHz.

Lightweight ciphers are increasingly employed in cryptography because of the high demand for secure data transmission in wireless sensor network, embedded devices, and Internet of Things. The PRESENT algorithm as an ultralightweight block cipher provides better solution for secure hardware cryptography with low power consumption and minimum resource. This study generates the key using key rotation and substitution method, which contains key rotation, key switching, and binary-coded decimal-based key generation used in image encryption. The key rotation and substitution-based PRESENT architecture is proposed to increase security level for data stream and randomness in cipher through providing high resistance to attacks. Lookup table is used to design the key scheduling module, thus reducing the area of architecture. Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) performances are evaluated for the proposed and conventional methods. In Virtex 6 device, the proposed key rotation and substitution PRESENT architecture occupied 72 lookup tables, 65 flip flops, and 35 slices which are comparably less to the existing architecture.