Earticle

Recently, in Korea, if a very large forest fire occurs due to the people’s carelessness, it is of great interest because it spreads into a large forest fire. If a wildfire spreads and becomes large, it will inflict great damage (appointment and property), and the damage is irreversible. The best way to extinguish a wildfire is to prevent it before it occurs. If a forest fire occurs due to a failure in prevention, the early firefighting activities to prevent the progress of the forest fire by promptly dispatching it by reporting it and approaching the site as soon as possible should now be managed with a systematic integrated management system. To do so, it is necessary to prepare a preventive system, such as issuing warnings for each weather condition by the Korea Forest Service, consisting of cooperation (support) activities for forest fire prevention by related organizations, etc. In order to minimize the loss of precious lives and forests, measures have been taken to establish a system, to establish a prompt and accurate situation reporting system, and to establish an integrated command system (ICS) for on-site commanders.

오늘날 현대사회의 재난양상은 더욱 복잡 · 다양해지고 있고, 이상 기후 현상으로 인한 새로운 자연 재난의 발생과 더불어, 주거문화의 변화로 건축물의 대형화, 고층화 등으로 인하여 인적 재난의 발생 위험 요인이 상존하고 있으며 점점 더 복합재난화 되어 가는 모습을 보이고 있다. 우리나라도 최근 재난현장지휘체계의 미흡으로 다수의 인명 및 재산피해가 발생한 제천화재참 사를 겪었으며, 재난현장지휘관의 지휘역량부족에 대한 비판이 공론화된 바 있다. 본 연구는 직접 재난현장에 대응하는 강원도 소속 소방공무원 100명(인명구조사반 30명, 소방학교 교직원 20명, 현장대원 50명)을 대상으로 하여 재난현장통합지휘체계 강화에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 그 결과를 토대로 대형재난 발생 시 효율적인 현장지휘체계의 향상 및 재난대응역량의 강화방안을 모색하려는데 그 의의가 있다.

자연 재해 또는 대형 인적 재난 현장과 같은 특수재난현장의 지휘본부에서는 소방관의 안전과 효과적인 지휘 통제를 위한 통합 지휘시스템은 매우 중요하다. 통합지휘시스템은 특수재난현장의 온도, 습도, 이산화탄소 등의 환경 정보와 현장 상황을 파악할 수 있는 영상 정보 및 소방관의 맥박, 공기통 잔량 등의 개인 신체 정보를 필요로 한다. 수집된 정보들은 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) 칩을 거쳐 디지털 신호로 변경되고 Micro Controller Unit (MCU)가 직렬 통신 방식인 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 통신 방식으로 이용하여 송신 보드로 디지털 신호를 전송한다. 송신 보드에 저장된 디지털 신호는 Radio Frequence (RF) 송신기를 이용하여 통합지휘시스템으로 전송된다. 자이로센서 및 관성센서를 이용하여 건물 내부에 있는 진압대원의 위치를 확인한다. 수집된 정보는 소방관의 안전과 효과적인 지휘를 할 수있는 통합 지휘 시스템을 위한 각종 정보로 활용된다. 본 연구는 무선 전송 기술, 실내 측위기술 및 통합지휘시스템에 전송 된 정보를 이용한 의사결정 지원 통합지휘시스템 대하여 이론적 및 실험적으로 연구한다.

An integrated command system is critical for the safety of firefighters and effective work in the headquarters of a special disaster areas such as natural disaster or large man-made hazard. The integrated command system requires environmental information such as temperature, humidity, and $CO_2$ levels, as well as personal physical information such as pulse and air respirator levels. An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) chip converts sensed information into digital signals, and a Micro Controller Unit (MCU) transmits the digital signals to a transmission board using serial communication through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The digital signals are saved in a transmission board and transmitted to the integrated command system by a Radio Frequency (RF) unit. The location of fire-fighters in a building are determined using a gyro sensor and an inertial sensor. The collected information is applied to the integrated command system for firefighter safety and to ensure that they can effectively carry out their duties. Tthis study theoretically and experimentally investigated the technologies of RF transmission, indoor position, and an integrated command system that supports decision making using the transmitted information.

In modern era, as the international situations has changed and various weapons systems have been developed, the nature of warfare has changed. It has led to an increased reliance on small-scale, mobile units focused on counter-terrorism operations. Accordingly, ensuring battlefield connectivity and rapid command and control (C2) of lower-level units has become very important. This has led to a surge in demand for multi-layer connectivity and on-the-move (OTM) communications on combat platforms. To this end, it is necessary to establish an operational concept and framework that can efficiently process large amounts of battlefield information in multi-layer areas through the development of various sensors and unmanned systems. In addition, communication modules must be miniaturized, lightweight, and standardized so that communication equipment for all domains can be installed in a single tactical vehicle. In this paper, we examined the US military's strategy based on the All-Domain Operation (ADO) concept and policies for rapid and efficient application and operation of key core technologies, and investigated the development status of various tactical integration platforms for this purpose. That is, to efficiently manage the complex network environment and tactical information of the battlefield, multi-layer linkage and OTM communication support must be strengthened. In addition, it is necessary to develop small and lightweight equipment through standardization of module-based system architecture.

본 논문은 일본 통합작전사령부 창설을 방위력 구상과 지휘구조를 양축으로 하는 통합운용체제 발전의 맥락에서 분석하였다. 시기적으로 일본 자위대가 ‘통합운용’ 태세로 전환을 모색한 2000년대 이후 통합작전사령부창설을 공식화한 2022년까지를 대상으로, 시기별로 방위력 구상과 지휘구조 면에서 어떤 변화와 특징이 있으며, 상호 연계되고 있는지를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 2000년대에는 방위력 구상 개념이 기존의 기반적 방위력구상을 계승함에 따라 지휘구조 및 통합운용체제 역시 제한적으로 추진되었다. 이에 반해, 2010년대 이후 방위력 구상에서 육･해･ 공 및 그 외 영역 간의 통합적인 운용이 핵심적으로 부각됨에 따라 통합운용체제의 제도적, 기능적 심화가 촉진되었던 것으로 분석되었다. 일본 자위대의 통합운용체제 전환 및이를 촉진하는 안보환경 요인은 우리의 안보･ 국방환경에 직간접적인 영향을 미치는 바, 한국형 통합운용체제의 발전을 비롯한 대내외적인 정책 마련이 필요하다.

This study analyzes the establishment of Japan’s Joint Operations Command within the broader context of the development of its integrated operational system, focusing on two main axes: defense capability concepts and command structure. The analysis covers the period from the 2000s, when the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) began exploring a shift toward integrated operations, to 2022, when the creation of the Joint Operations Command was officially announced. By comparing each period, the study examines the major changes and characteristics in Japan’s defense concepts and command structure. The findings reveal that in the 2000s, as Japan maintained its traditional “basic defense force” concept, reforms in command structure and the promotion of integrated operations remained limited. In contrast, since the 2010s, integration across the land, maritime, air, and emerging domains has become central to Japan’s defense concept, thereby accelerating both the institutional and functional advancement of its integrated operational system. Given that Japan’s transition toward integrated operations and the security environment driving it have direct and indirect implications for South Korea’s security and defense posture, the study highlights the need for developing corresponding domestic and international policies, including the advancement of a Korea-style integrated operational system.