Earticle

Despite the presence of the p-Channel MOSFET inrush current limiter circuit within the power supply unit of military radar, The internal MOSFET and DC-DC Converter has been damaged due to the high inrush current. In this paper, the cause of the high inrush current was identified by analyzing the p-Channel MOSFET inrush current limiter circuit. Based on the analysis, the high inrush current was reduced by about 60% by adjusting the time constant of the source-to-gate elements compared to before improvement.

In this paper, TPS Rehost method is proposed to expand the maintenance capability. We have obtained software and ITA (Interface Test Adapter) production drawings for this purpose. In consideration of the differences between the old ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) and the new ATE, The software procedure was reversed to GPIB(General Purpose Interface Bus) programming method and the ITA production drawing was redesigned to fit the field. The redesigned software and hardware were integrated through an integrated test and found voltage drop and inrush current problems during the process. The voltage drop generally varies according to the length and thickness of the wire. The problem is solved by compensating for the reduced voltage, which is a method that does not affect the configuration of the ATE. The inrush current problem is caused by the DC Signal Generator. Analyzed result shows caused by changing the operation mode, and solved the problem by operating only in one operation mode which operate without any inrush current.

본 논문은 모듈러 멀티레벨 컨버터(MMC)에서 인버터로 사용할 경우 스위칭이 시작할 때, 과도상태에서 발생하는 돌입전류로 인해 시스템 제어의 불안전성을 야기한다. 따라서 이 전류를 저감하기 위해 제안한 등가회로 모델링, 제어를 MATLAB 시뮬레이션을 통하여 돌입전류에 대한 논의와 크기 저감을 확인하고자 한다.

This paper proposes a neutral section passing strategy for preventing the inrush current of an electric railway vehicle (ERV) with a solid-state transformer (SST). This inrush current is not generated when the ERV passes the neutral section by maintaining a dc-link voltage at a constant level that is higher than the peak voltage of an electric railway feeder using regenerative energy from the ERV. Depending on the position of the ERV, the control strategies and modes are changed. When the ERV passes the neutral section, the regenerative energy from the ERV charges the dc-link voltage. A dc-ac converter that operates a traction motor takes charge of the dc-link voltage control in the regeneration operation. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can protect the SST from inrush current when the ERV passes the neutral section. Experiments have been carried out with a scaled-down prototype. Experimental results verify the performance of the proposed neutral section passing strategy.

The transformer used in an inverter type arc welding machine is designed to use high frequency in order to reduce its size and cost. Also, selecting core materials that fit frequency is important because core loss increases in a high frequency band. An inrush current can occur in the primary coil of transformer during arc welding and this inrush current can cause IGBT, the switching element, to burn out. The transformer design was carried out in $A_P$ method and amorphous core was used to reduce the size of transformer. In addition, sheet coil was used for primary winding and secondary winding coil considering the skin effect. This paper designed the transformer core with an air gap to prevent IGBT burnout due to the inrush current during welding and proposed the optimum air gap length.

At the moment of transformer energization by the supply voltage, a high current called transient inrush current, which may rise to ten times the transformer full load current, could be drawn by the primary winding. This paper discusses a microcontroller circuit with the intention of controlling and limiting the inrush current for a transformer, by the method of ramping up the supply voltage feeding to the transformer primary. Simulations and the experimental results show a significant reduction of inrush current, when the ramping up voltage is applied to the three-phase transformer load. The inrush current could be almost eliminated if the correct switching step rate is chosen.

Normally, various auxiliary loads are installed along with the main load in industrial applications. Usually, load transformers are used to convey such types of auxiliary loads. The transformers become energized when the loads are turned-on, consequently, high amplitude of inrush current appears at the output of the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system. To mitigate these high current amplitudes, this manuscript suggests a three-phase line-interactive UPS system to counter the inrush current during the turning-on of the auxiliary load transformer while powering the main load by using a current controlled inverter. Experimental results of a laboratory-sized prototype are provided in the support of the proposed UPS system for validation.

The digital substations are being built based on the IEC 61850 network. The cooperation and protection of power system are becoming more intelligent and reliable in the environment of digital substation. This paper proposes a novel method to prevent the malfunction caused by the Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current(TMIC) using the IEC 61850 based data sharing between the IEDs. To protect a main transformer, the current differential protection(87T) and over-current protection(50/51) are used generally. The 87T IED applies to the second harmonic blocking method to prevent the malfunction caused by the TMIC. However, the 50/51 IED may malfunction caused by the TMIC. To solve that problem, the proposed method uses a GOOSE inter-lock signal between two IEDs. The 87T IED transmits a blocking GOOSE signal to the 50/51 IED, when the TMIC is detected. The proposed method can make a cooperation of digital substation protection system more intelligent. To verify the performance of proposed method, this paper performs the real time test using the RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) test-bed. Using the RTDS, the power system transients are simulated, and the TMIC is generated. The performance of proposed method is verified in real-time using that actual current signals. The reaction of simulated power system responding to the operation of IEDs can be also confirmed.

Sudden voltage drops and outages frequently disturb the operation of sensitive loads for domestic, commercial, and industrial use. In some cases, these events may even impair the functioning of relevant equipment. To maintain power under such conditions, a UPS system is usually installed. Once a disturbance happens at the grid side, the line-interactive UPS system takes over the load to prevent an interruption. But, due to magnetic saturation of the transformer, a significant inrush current may occur for the transformer-coupled loads during this transition. The generation of such transient currents may in turn decrease the line voltage and activates over-current protecting devices of the system. In this work, a cost-effective, line-interactive UPS system is proposed that eliminates the inrush current phenomenon associated with transformer-coupled loads. The strategy was implemented by connecting a standard current-regulated voltage source inverter (CRVSI) to the secondary winding of the load transformer. During any transient condition at the grid side, the load current is monitored and regulated to achieve either seamless compensation of the load current or complete transferal of load from grid to the inverter. Experimental results were obtained for a prototype under all possible operating conditions so as to validate the performance of the proposed topology.

Convential inrush current detection method is used to harmonic restraint method by filtered second frequency component. Nowadays this technique must be modified because harmonics are occurred in steady state of power system. A purpose of this study is to develop of inrush current detection relaying algorithm for power transformer based on flux-current derivative curve method. We used the relaying signals obtained from EMTP simulation.

The inrush current of a transformer is a high-magnitude and harmonic-rich current generated when the transformer core is driven into saturation during energizing. The inrush current usually leads to undesirable effects, for example potential damage to the transformer, misoperation of a protective relay, and power quality deterioration in the distribution power system. Inrush current reduction is therefore important for power system operation. In this paper, to reduce the inrush current, the insertion resistance of the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) that is connected in series with the transformer in the distribution system is used. This paper implements the SFCL by using the Electromagnetic Transient Program-Restructured Version (EMTP-RV) to model the SFCL in the distribution system. The simulation results show the beneficial effects of the SFCL for reduction of the inrush current.

This paper suggests a decision scheme for optimal insertion resistance in an Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) application to reduce the transformer inrush current. This scheme and the SFCL model are implemented using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). We determine the optimal SFCL resistance by EMTP simulation, and this value is applied to model the SFCL by EMTP. The simulation results show the validity and effectiveness of the suggested scheme and the ability of a SFCL to reduce the inrush current.

본 논문은 DC마이크로그리드에서 저전압 배터리 에너지 저장 시스템과 DC 버스 연결을 위한 Dual Active Bridge(DAB) 컨버터의 제어 방법에 대한 연구이다. DC 마이크로그리드에서 전력을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 양방향 전력전달이 쉬운 DAB 컨버터는 많이 사용되고 있다. 다만, 낮은 배터리 저장 시스템을 사용하는 경우 과도상태에서 DC 버스 측 커패시터를 충전하기 위해 높은 돌입전류가 발생하게 된다. 이러한, 높은 돌입전류는 시스템의 전력반도체 소자를 파손시키는 문제를 가져온다. 따라서, 초기 돌입전류를 저감시킬 수 있는 소프트 스타트 알고리즘이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 돌입전류 저감을 위한 소프트 스타트 알고리즘을 제안하고, 3kW급 DAB 컨버터의 실험 결과를 바탕으로 제안 된 알고리즘을 검증하였다.

This paper studies the effects caused by symmetrical and unsymmetrical voltage sags on three-phase transformer and induction machine. The voltage sag on transformer and induction machine gives rise to inrush current. This inrush current makes sag more severe. These effects depend or many elements such as sag magnitude and duration, type of sag, and fault and recovery voltage instants.

The induction generator has many advantages compared to the synchronous generator in terms of cost and maintenance. So squirrel cage induction generator has been recently supplied in small hydroelectric power station. Squirrel cage induction generator generates a high inrush current at the grid-connection. This high inrush current causes a voltage drop on the grid. In order to increase the supply of the induction generator, it is very important to find the method of reducing inrush current and voltage drop.

본 논문은 EMTP-RV를 이용하여 변압기 여자돌입전류를 모델링하는 방법을 제시하였다. 우선, 변압기 여자돌입전류의 특성을 조사하였다. 그 다음으로, EMTP-RV의 변압기의 모델링 방법을 분석하여 변압기 여자돌입전류 모델링을 위한 적절한 방법을 선택하였다. 마지막으로, 다양한 조건에 대하여 여자돌입전류를 모델링하여 그 방법의 적합성을 증명하였다.

산업이 발달하면서 산업 전반에 걸쳐 전기에 대한 의존도가 높아짐에 따라, 안정적인 전력의 공급이 점점 더 중요해지고 있다. 이러한 요구에 맞춰 안정적이고 질적으로 우수한 전력공급은 필수적이며, 현재 우리나라도 전력의 품질을 높이기 위해서 더욱 노력하고 있는 실정이다. 그중 변압기의 여자돌입 현상이 전기품질에 영향을 주며, 상황에 따라서 기기에 충격을 줄 수 있고, 기기의 고장을 불러일으킬 가능성도 있다. 이러한 문제를 줄이는데 도움이 되고자, 본 논문에서는 변압기의 여자돌입 현상을 분석하였다. 여자돌입을 분석하기 위해서 EMTP 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 변압기의 여자돌입 전류의 파형 등을 관찰 및 분석하였다.

Transformer inrush current can cause the voltage drop by source impedance. The accurate modeling and analysis for inrush current is first step to limit the inrush current and improve the power qualify. This paper presents the modeling of transformer inrush current by EMTP-RV using Jeju power system, Korea. The method to model the hysteresis curve of transformer in EMTP-RV is discussed. Simulations demonstrate the verification of modeling of inrush current by comparing the data recorded in field with simulation values and analyzing the harmonics of inrush current.

This paper describes the analysis of characteristics of inrush current in transformers using wavelet transform. The simulations are performed with various transformer conditions, including transformer switching-on angles and the remanent flux. The ratio between wavelet coeffients is used for analysis.