Earticle

The overseas small ship market is witnessing a trend towards research aimed at substituting Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP), which poses environmental concerns, with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in the shipbuilding process. Given the low melting point and high coefficient of thermal expansion of HDPE, research on joint areas is essential. This study focuses on preliminary investigations into ensuring the integrity of joints in shipbuilding processes using HDPE materials. Utilizing the Hot Gas Extrusion Welding method, which is conducive to joining large structures such as ships, HDPE joints were conducted. The material properties were evaluated based on the ASTM D638-14 international standards. This research aims to provide fundamental knowledge on the joining process of HDPE through Hot Gas Extrusion Welding and offers guidance on ensuring the integrity of joints in shipbuilding.

Herringbone groove journal bearing (HGJB) is developed to improve the static and dynamic performances of hydrodynamic journal bearing. Conventional studies on HGJB were based on the Narrow Groove theory assuming that the number of grooves approaches infinity. In this study, an oil lubricated HGJB is analyzed using Finite Element Method. Load carrying capacity, attitude angle, stiffness and damping coefficients are obtained numerically for various bearing configurations especially for the inclined width ratio and asymmetric ratio and compared with the results obtained using Finite Volume Method. The bearing load and stability characteristics are dependent on geometric parameters such as inclined width ratio, asymmetric ratio, groove depth ratio, groove width ratio, groove angle.

Fluid film bearings are among the best devices used for overcoming friction and reducing wear. Surface texturing is a new surface treatment technique used for processing grooves and dimples on the lubricated surface, and it helps to minimize friction further and improve the wear resistance. In several studies, parallel surfaces, such as thrust bearings and mechanical face seals, have been investigated, but most sliding bearings have a convergent film shape. This paper presents the third part of a recent study and focuses on the effect of the groove shape on the lubrication performance of inclined slider bearings, following the two previous papers on the effects of the groove position and depth. We adopted the continuity and Navier ? Stokes equations to conduct numerical analyses using FLUENT, which is a commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The groove shape adopted in the numerical analysis is rectangular and triangular, and its depth is varied. The results show that the streamlines, pressure distributions, and groove shape significantly influence the lubrication performance of the inclined slider bearing. For both shapes, the load-carrying capacity (LCC) is maximum near the groove depth, where vortices occur. In the shallow grooves, the LCC of the rectangular shape is higher, but in deeper grooves, that of the triangular shape is higher. The deeper the rectangular groove, the higher the decrease in the frictional force. The results of this study can be used as design data for various sliding bearings.

A composition brake shoe composed of iron, graphite, kevlar, barium sulphate, etc. was developed for Diesel locomotives. The density distribution of the shoe depends on groove shapes of the shoe (or punch shape). In this study, we investigated the influence of the punch shape on the density distribution, stresses, etc. The inclination of the groove exerts more influence on the density distribution than the groove filet radius.

In the sapphire wafering process, lapping is a crucial operation in order to reduce the damaged layer and achieve the target thickness. Many parameters, such as pressure, velocity, abrasive, slurry and plate, affect lapping characteristics. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of the plate groove on the material removal rate and roughness of the wafer. We select the spiral pattern and rectangular type as the groove shapes. We vary the groove density by controlling the groove shape dimension, i.e., the groove width and pitch. As the groove density increases to 0.4, the material removal rate increases and gradually reaches a saturation point. When the groove density is low, the pressing load is mostly supported by the thick film, and only a small amount acts on the abrasives resulting to a low material removal rate. The roughness decreases on increasing the groove density up to 0.3 because thick film makes partial participations of large abrasives which make deep scratches. From these results, we could conclude that the groove affects the contact condition between the wafer and plate. At the same groove density, the pitch has more influence on reducing the film thickness than the groove width. By decreasing the groove density with a smaller pitch and larger groove width, we could achieve a high material removal rate and low roughness. These results would be helpful in understanding the groove effects and determining the appropriate groove design.

본 논문은 펌프에서 비접촉식 실로 사용되는 홈 실 적용에 의한 누설 손실을 줄임으로서 고성능 원심펌프의 효율 향상에 관한 것이다. 경사 및 평형 홈 로터와 스테이터의 조합을 포함한 홈 실 형상의 다양한 조합을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 그리고 관련해서 수력성능 및 축추력의 크기를 10가지 케이스에 대하여 측정하고 계산하였다. 그 결과로부터 로터와 스테이터 양쪽 모두에 나선 홈 실(나선 각 : $0.98^{\circ}$)을 가지는 타입이 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이 경우 설계 유량($340m^3/h$)에서 기존 설계보다 양정과 효율은 각각 2.1%와 2.3% 향상 되었고 축추력은 10% 감소 되었다.

This paper is related to the improvement of efficiency for high performance centrifugal pumps by reducing leakage loss, which is achieved by applying the grooved seal as a non-contact seal to the pumps. Various combinations of grooved seal types, including the spiral and the parallel groove in the rotor and/or in the stator, were tested by the experiment. And the corresponding hydraulic performance and the magnitude of axial thrust were measured and calculated for ten cases. From the results, the type with the spiral groove(spiral angle : $0.98^{\circ}$) in both the rotor and the stator was found to be most effective. In this case, the head and the efficiency were improved from the original design by 2.1% and 2.3% respectively at design capacity($340m^3/h$), and the axial thrust was decreased by 10%.

Abstract-Crosshead bearing in two-stroke marine diesel engine is operated under quite severe condition since the load on the bearing is sybject to the loading in a unidirectional and the sliding speed is very slow and oscillatory. So it is very difficult to form oil film and maintain the load. In this paper, two types of bearing are compared. One has large sized oil pocket and the seleted as multi-small oil grooves. Bearing clearance, oil inlet oressure and bearing types are selected as analysis parameters. Loci of journal center are presented to compare several cases. It is found that bearing clearance and shape affect to minimum film thickness.

Trap effect of groove is evaluated in a lubricating system using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The simulation is based on the standard k-ε turbulence model and the discrete phase model (DPM) using a commercial CFD code FLUENT. The simulation results are also capable of showing the particle trajectories in flow field. Computational domain is meshed using the GAMBIT pre-processor. The various grooves are applied in order to improve lubrication characteristics such as reduction of friction loss, increase in load carrying capacity, and trapping of the wear particles. Trap effect of groove is investigated with variations in cross-sectional shape and Reynolds number in this research. Various cross-sectional shapes of groove (rectangular, triangle, U shaped, trapezoid, elliptical shapes) are considered to evaluate the trap effect in simplified two-dimensional sliding bearing. The particles are assumed to steel, and defined a single particle injection condition in various positions. The “reflect” boundary condition for discrete phase is applied to the wall boundary, and the “escape” boundary condition to “pressure inlet” and “pressure outlet” conditions. The streamlines are compared with particles trajectories in the groove. From the results of numerical analysis in the study, it is found that the cross-sectional shapes favorable to the creation of vortex and small eddy current are effective in terms of particle trapping effect. Moreover, it is found that the Reynolds number has a strong influence on the pattern of vortex or small eddy current in the groove, and that the pattern of the vortex or small eddy current affects the trap effect of the groove.

Object of this study is to see whether the arc-groove on a D-shape bluff body effects the drag reduction or not. To this end, the changes of the boundary layer on the surface of the object, the downstream flow field and wake flow were found by experiments. The experiments are conducted by changing number and depth of the groove, angle of the first groove and Reynolds number(Re). Groove did not effect on the surface in the downstream boundary layer of the object and was minimal impact on the time mean velocity recovery of the wake flow. Also the effects of Groove did not have a significant impact on the structure of the wake and the wake frequency. Therefore it is found that the arc-groove of the drag reduction effect on the D-shape bluff body was smaller.