Earticle

최근, 동영상 콘텐츠 소비와 제품구매 행동이 자연스럽게 이어지는 마케팅 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유튜브의 영상 시청중에 자연스럽게 인터넷 쇼핑으로 이어질 수 있도록 관련 제품을 탐지하고 유사 제품을 추천해주는 서비스 기술을 제안하고 구현하였다. 제안한 기술은 YOLOv8과 미리 학습된 EfficientNetV2 를 사용하였고, 제한적으로 탐지할 수 있는 제품 클래스의 개수를 해결하기 위해 CNN모델을 추가함으로써 단일 객체 탐지 모델의 한계를 극복하였다. 또한 탐지할 수 있는 제품의 분류 성능을 높이기 위해 Weighted Box Fusion기법을 적용하였다. 테스트 모델에 사용된 제품 검출 성능 평가 결과에서 mAP는 최고 91.2%의 높은 검출 률을 보였다. 구현결과, 제안한 기술은 시청중에 판매가 이루어질 수 있는 다양한 동영상 플랫폼의 End-to-End 서비스에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Recently, there has been active research in marketing connecting video content consumption to product purchasing behaviors seamlessly. In this paper, we propose and implement a service technology that detects related products during YouTube video viewing and recommends similar products, enabling a smooth transition to online shopping. Our proposed technology utilizes YOLOv8 and a pre-trained EfficientNetV2, and overcomes the limitations of a single object detection model by adding a CNN model to address the issue of a limited number of detectable product classes. Additionally, the Weighted Box Fusion technique is applied to enhance the product classification performance of detectable products. The product detection performance of the test model showed a high mAP of up to 91.2%. Based on our results, we anticipate that the proposed technology can be applied to various video platforms where sales can be made during viewing, offering an end-to-end service.

비대면 교육 서비스의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 표준화된 웹 환경 제공, 정보보안 서비스 강화, 온라인 환경 가이드 개선, 교육 서비스 홍보, 신청, 프로그램 이용, 성과 확인까지 이용자와 상호작용 할 수 있는 플랫폼 확보 등과 같은 문제를 해결해야 한다. 재택근무나 원격교육 등 현실적으로 비대면 서비스의 핵심 적인 기술은 바로 화상회의라 할 수 있다. 화상회의는 비디오와 오디오 스트리밍 기술, 멀티미디어 생성 및 제어 기술, 효율적인 전송을 위한 압축기술, 이를 P2P(Peer-to-Peer) 혹은 중계 서버를 통해 실시간으 로 전달하는 전송기술 등 다양한 요소들이 포함되어 있다. 본 논문은 웹 기반 화상회의 시스템에서 종단 간 암호화 서비스 (E2EE: End-to-end Encryption)를 제공하기 위한 서비스 구조를 제안하였다.

In order to increase the effectiveness of non-face-to-face education services, problems such as providing a standardized web environment, strengthening information security services, improving online environment guides, and securing a platform for interaction with users must be solved. The core technology of non-face-to-face services such as telecommuting or distance education is video conferencing. Video conferencing includes various elements such as video and audio streaming technology, multimedia creation and control technology, compression technology for efficient transmission, and transmission technology that delivers it in real time through P2P (Peer-to-Peer) or a relay server. In this paper, a service structure is proposed to provide an end-to-end encryption service in a web-based video conferencing system.

현재 인터넷 사용자의 증가와 더불어 사용자들이 원하는 서비스가 다양해짐에 따라 기존의 Best effort 서비스로는 사용자들이 요구하는 응용 서비스들을 제대로 지원할 수가 없게되었고, 이에 IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)애서는 사용들의 QoS 제공을 위해 Integrated service model과 Differential service model이 제안되었다. 그러나 소규모 망에서 적용 가능한 Intserv와 대규모 망에서 사용적절한 Diffserv망의 service 방식이 다르기 때문에 End-to-End간에 QoS 제공을 위해서는 이에 대한 망의 연동이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 두 망간의 연동을 위한 Framework을 제안하였다.

인터넷에서 멀티미디어 서비스 및 고품질의 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 모델들이 제시되고 있다. 기존의 Integrated Service(Intserv)나 Differentiated Service(Diffserv)가 확장성과 종단간의 QoS 보장 측면에서 문제점을 보이면서 최근에는 이들을 통합하려는 시도가 나오고 있다. 그러나 각 모델의 기존 구조가 다르기 때문에 자연스럽게 연결되는(Seamless) 통합 네트워크를 제시하는데 상당한 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷에서 종단간의 QoS을 보장하기 위해 제시된 모델들의 특성을 살펴보고, 현재 제시되고 있는 통합 모델의 형태를 분석한다. 이를 토대로 Bandwidth Broker(BB)의 새로운 역할을 제시하여 통합 모델에 대한 연구의 방향을 설정하고, 종단간 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있는 통합 네트워크의 구조를 제안한다.

·Web Service 적용 -비용절감/새로운 Revenue 창출 기회 ·Business 환경 -SOA(서비스기반구조), 온디맨드, 그리드 컴퓨팅의 기반→Web Service로의 이행 가속화 ·IT Challenge -복잡성과 위험 ·관리 솔루션 -전반적인 관리 요구 -인프라 ＆ Web Service 레벨 ·Web Service 관리 기대 효과 -효율성, 일관성 및 안전성 제공 -근본 원인 분석 기반 제공

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks require dynamic flow admission control to guarantee end-to-end quality of service (QoS) for each Internet protocol (IP) traffic flow. In this paper, we propose to tackle the joint routing and admission control problem for the IP traffic flows in MPLS networks without rerouting already admitted flows. We propose two mathematical programming models for this problem. The first model includes end-to-end delay constraints and the second one, end-to-end packet loss constraints. These end-to-end QoS constraints are imposed not only for the new traffic flow, but also for all already admitted flows in the network. The objective function of both models is to minimize the end-to-end delay for the new flow. Numerical results show that considering end-to-end delay (or packet loss) constraints for all flows has a small impact on the flow blocking rate. Moreover, we reduces significantly the mean end-to-end delay (or the mean packet loss rate) and the proposed approach is able to make its decision within 250 msec.

With the introduction to ebXML and web service related standards, enterprises struggle to adapt to the rapidly evolving technology to meet the complex needs of the enterprise customer. The ability to integrate and interoperate individual services within enterprise and with other enterprise's information technology infrastructure using standard-based business processes is an important element of business process management system. For over 25 years EDI has established VAN based solution of exchanging business information in electronic form. However EDI solutions are only accessible to large organizations due to the cost factor. Moreover lack of well accepted B2B business process standards is hindering the success of promoting interoperability between organizations of any size. ebXML work is focused on defining the standard B2B business process context and its runtime semantics in order to remove these hindrances. However ebXML framework does not recommend any particular implementation model to interact with enterprise internal system. This paper propose a end to end business process management architecture by applying ebXML in the front end of the enterprise system and using BPEL to integrate front end services into related services within enterprise.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of window mechanisms on end to end delay in a series of nodes with constant service times. It is shown that arbitrary combinations of window mechanisms, each applying to an arbitrary subset of data, can be embedded on the nodes without affecting the departure instants from the system if the windows are at least as large as the number of nodes spanned. The window mechanisms are shown to have no impact on the average end to end delay of data. As the condition on the windows is a minimal necessary requirement for full parallelism, the results show that the transparent operation from viewpoint of data transmission can be achieved with minimal resources.

ICT 기술의 발전으로 인해 IPTV, 인터넷 전화 등 다양한 서비스가 인터넷 기반으로 제공되고, 이러한 서비스가 다수의 사업자 망을 통해 전달되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 네트워크 환경에서 서비스의 품질에 가장 많은 영향을 미치고 이용자의 주관적 품질 판단에 결정적인 역할을 하는 종단간 인터넷 서비스 품질 평가에 관해 국제 표준을 기반으로 국내 실정에 적합한 평가 방안을 제시한다. 이 결과, 시간지연, 지연변이, 패킷 손실률이 품질 평가 지표로 선정되었으며 인터넷 서비스 제공자들 간에 정보 공유를 최소화하면서 이를 예측할 수 있는 방안을 전통적인 통계방법을 사용하여 제시한다.

Various services such as IPTV(Internet Protocol TV), Internet Telephony are provided through multiple ISPs(Internet Service Providers) as ICT technologies are evolving. This paper suggests that the end-to-end Internet service quality evaluation method, which is optimized for domestic environment based on international standards. The end-to-end service quality determines the quality of IPTV and Internet Telephony services and is critical factor for subjective quality as well. As a result, time delay, jitter and packet loss rate are three elements for the quality evaluation. It is also shown that these factors can be predicted with traditional statistical method by sharing minimum amount of information between ISPs.

E-Business 성공은 기존의 제품 마케팅 차원을 넘어서 전자상거래를 비롯한 기반 IP 기술의 지원과 관리에 있다. 새로운 e-Business를 시작하는 대부분의 중소형사업자는 e-Business Outsourcing Value Chain을 이용하여 서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 그중 가장 중요한 카운터 파트너로서 Web HSP를 들고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Web HSP와 사용자사이에서 제공되는 웹서비스의 새로운 패러다임에서 SLA 구조와 컴포넌트를 Network, Hosting, Application, Management 관점에서 정의하고, 이를 관리하기 위한 SLA Management 구조를 제시하였다. 본 논문의 결과로 고객은 자신의 사업에 적합한 SLA 파라미터를 제시하는 Web HSP를 찾게 될 것이며, Web HSP는 고객에게 필요한 SLA의 컴포넌트 제공과 효율적인 관리 기능을 수행함으로 서비스의 경쟁력을 얻게 될 것이다.

최근 가상현실 시뮬레이션 기술은 컴퓨터 테크놀로지의 급속한 발달과 더불어 시각적 표현과 인터랙션의 성능은 정교화 되는 동시에, 고급 장비나 전문 지식에 의존하지 않고도 사실적인 구현이 가능한 단계까지 발전해 왔다. 본 연구는 저가의 비용으로도 가능한 가상현실 시뮬레이션 테크놀로지를 바탕으로, 시각적 현실감이 뛰어난 시뮬레이션으로 서비스 환경을 구현하여 제시함으로써 실제사용자 즉, 엔드유저의 감정적인 반응을 파악하고, 그러한 과정을 기존의 디자인 프로세스에 접목하는 방안을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제 레스토랑 디자인 프로젝트의 사례를 통해 가상현실 테크놀로지를 사용한 시뮬레이션의 구체적인 개발과정 및 적용과정을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 사용자 경험에 관한 데이터를 수집하고 분석하는 과정 그리고 시뮬레이션을 통한 결과 적용 시 고려해야 할 사항에 대해서 소개하고 있다. 본 연구는 사용자의 감정적인 반응이 중요시 되어야 하는 디자인 분야에 3차원 가상현실 시뮬레이션이 도입될 경우 유용한 지침을 제공할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

Today's Virtual Reality(VR) technology has become considerably more affordable and sophisticated with rapidly advancing computer technology. Photo-realistic visual representations along with real-time interactivity are now achievable without special programing knowledge and expensive equipment. The purpose of this paper is to establish how simple, credible user testing methods based on VR simulations can be utilized to improve design decision making towards more sensible design solutions for end-users. Results of a case study demonstrate the value of potential user-testing feedback in a simulated 3D virtual service space, i.e., restaurant interior. User feedback from the VR simulation includes preferences in table location, privacy, and values of seating preferred tables. A new design framework incorporating an empirical testing method for service spaces is presented. The overall design process, the development of the VE, and the user testing method and findings are discussed. This study provides useful guidances for future efforts in the areas where such technology may benefit to understand end-user feedbacks in design process.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual states and characteristics of a memorial service for ancestors of non-noble families from the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century by examining the journals of Ji Gyu-shik, a Gongin. While there has been a lot of research on the actual states and characteristics of a memorial service for ancestors of noble families and subsequent achievements, no research has been conducted on those of non-noble classes due to the shortage of data. This study will be of huge significance by looking into the actual states and characteristics of a memorial service for ancestors of the non-noble class for the first time and examine the memorial service style of Gyeonggi in the 19th century. There are no articles in Ji's journals to figure out his social status, but it seems that his social status was upgraded from a commoner to lower Jungin based on his occupation, exchanges with the upper class, personal relations, and the occupation of the father of his daughter-in-law. It appears that he did not have as many duties with an ancestral shrine as a noble family. He enshrined the ancestral tablets of four generations at the shrine and used the shrine for the occasions of Jeongjo, birthdays, ancestral rites, and Goyurye. It seems that he enshrined the ancestral tablets of four generations, but he actually held a memorial service for only three generations of ancestors. His father was adopted as a stepson. He had three elder brothers, but he was in charge of all household matters including the memorial service for ancestors after all of them passed away. He held a memorial service on the anniversaries of death of his great- grandparents, grandparents, real grandparents, parents, and first cousin aunt, but there were no references about the purification process before holding the memorial service on the anniversaries of their death. Judging from the prices of food items for the memorial service and the number of citations in his journals, he seems to have taken the most interest in the memorial service on the anniversary of his father's death. The memorial service of the birthday of a deceased parent is unique to Korea. Ji held a memorial service on the birthday of his father almost every year. In most cases, the service was held early in the morning. As for the memorial service held before the grave, Ji hired a grave guardian for each family gravesite. The guardians prepared food for the memorial service and watched over the site to prevent others from digging a grave at the site. Some of them carried the occupation in their family lines. Unlike noble families that visited the graves of their ancestors on the four major holidays, Ji held Baesorye only on Hanshik and Chuseok. He made a personal visit to the gravesite where his father was buried and sent his younger brother or son to the gravesites of other ancestors. The number of memorial services that he held before the grave was relatively smaller than that of his contemporary noble families. He held ancestral rites at the family shrine for Jeongjo and left no records of memorial services held before the grave in October for Joseonjo. As mentioned above, there has been little research on the actual states of memorial services for ancestors of non-noble families due to the lack of historical materials. Thus, it is difficult to state definitively that the memorial service practiced by Ji's family represents that of all lower Jungin. This study, however, holds great significance as the first study on the memorial service practice of the non-noble class and will be a popular reference for future studies.

本研究は、アジア太平洋戦争期における朝鮮人の徴用を実証的に検討したものである。 徴用令発動にともなう朝鮮人労務動員は、これまで1944年8月8日の閣議決 定とそれにともなう9月以後の一般徴用適用というのが主な認識だった。1939年 の労務動員計画にともなう朝鮮人の日本への「集団移入」は、募集、官斡 旋、徴用という方式で施行された。そしてそれぞれの動員方式は日本政府の 閣議決定という政策的判断により展開されてきた。1939年の募集、1942年の官 斡旋、1944年の徴用はいずれもこのような政策決定の結果であった。「国民徴 用令」は、1939年7月に制定され朝鮮では同年10月1日に施行されることとなっ た。しかし徴用令発動に対する「民族的抵抗」を憂慮してその発動を留保し、 1944年に初めて発動されたというのが既存研究における認識だった。 このような認識は、その後ほとんど批判されることなく引き継がれた。1944年ま で持ち越されたという理由についても、見直されることはなかった。1939年10月1 日の施行から1944年8月8日の閣議決定までの空白、徴用令発動の留保は果 たして「民族的抵抗」だけで説明できるものなのか？ 日本政府は、徴用令の発動がややもすると経済を撹乱し且つ国民的抵抗を もたらしかねないことを憂慮し、制定当初から施行に慎重だった。ところが、戦況が悪化すると、対象を拡大したり国家性を明確にするなど、労務の強権的な 再配置を強化していった。1944年には軍需物資拡充のために最大規模の民間 事業場拡大を行った。反面、労務者は兵力充当などで前年の3分の1水準に 落ち込んだ。もはや強力な労務再配置に依らなければ必要な労務者は獲得で きない。朝鮮人の徴用令発動は、このような状況で採られた措置だと思われ る。 ただし、1944年の閣議決定によるものだという説明をあざ笑うかの様に徴用令 はそれ以前からすでに施行されていた。ということは、この時の閣議決定は、膨 大な労務再配置を目の当たりにして、すでに施行していた徴用令を広範囲に適 用することを追認乃至容認する政策決定に過ぎなかったのである

This article is an empirical review of the way Koreans were forcibly mobilized by issuing a conscription order during the Asia-Pacific War. In the meantime, the labor mobilization of Koreans following the issuance of the draft ordinance has been largely recognized as the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944, and the application of general labor after September. According to the 1939 Labor Mobilization Plan, the “collective transfer” of Koreans was implemented in a way of recruitment, government arrangement, and recruitment. And each mobilization method was changed according to the policy judgment of the Japanese government’s cabinet decision. Recruitment in 1939, government mediation in 1942, and conscription in 1944 were all the results of such policy decisions. National draft was enacted in July 1939 under the enactment of the “National Service Draft Ordinance” and was implemented on October 1 of the same year in Joseon. However, it is recognized in existing studies that it was first invoked in 1944 after hesitating to invoke it out of fear of “national resistance” to the invocation of the conscription decree. This perception was almost uncritically accepted. There was no review of the reason for the delay until 1944. Can the gap from the enforcement of October 1, 1939 to the Cabinet decision of August 8, 1944 be explained by ‘national resistance’? The Japanese government was cautious from the beginning of the enactment, fearing that the invocation of the draft ordinance would disrupt the economy and bring about public resistance. Then, as the war situation worsened, the government strengthened the strong relocation of labor by expanding the target and clarifying the nationality. 1944 was the year when the largest expansion of private businesses was made to expand military supplies. On the other hand, the number of workers plunged to one-third of the previous year due to the provision of troops. Against this background, the Korean people’s invocation of the requisition order was necessary for strong labor relocation. This is the background of the 1944 announcement, known as “national resistance.” In addition, the invocation of the requisition order was already in effect before that, overshadowing the explanation that it was in accordance with the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944. In fact, the Cabinet’s decision was nothing more than a policy decision that tolerated the reality that the draft ordinance had no choice but to be widely applied to relocate labor to a vast private workplace.