Earticle

웹의 기술적 수준의 향상과 이를 이용하는 하드웨어의 급속한 발달은 문자 중심의 일방적 자료 탐색 기능만을 제공하던 웹을 쌍방향적이고 멀티미디어적인 환경으로 변화 시켰다. 그리고 이러한 변화는 웹의 교육적 활용성을 높이고 있다. 현존의 웹 기반 코스웨어는 개개인의 학습 능력에 따라 학습 내용과 학습 방법을 다르게 제시하는 개별화 학습이 부족하다. 따라서 학습자들은 개개의 학습능력에 상관없이 누구나 일률적으로 동일한 학습내용을 제공받고 있다. 본 연구는 학습자의 학습 성취정도와 학습과정에 따라 학습내용과 학습 방법을 다르게 제공하고자 한다. 즉, 학습자의 학습 성취정도와 학습과정을 분석하여 학습자에게 같은 학습내용이라 할지라도 각각의 습자에게 학습의 효율을 높일 수 있는 학습방법이 무엇인지를 찾아내어 학습자에게 가장 적합한 학습방법을 제공해 줄 수 있는 시스템을 설계 및 개발하였다. 특히 본 적응형 학습 시스템은 학습 과정마다 적절한 학습 스타일을 체크하여 동적 링크를 제공한다.

Existing web based learning system provides various instruction paths. However, learners are provided with the same instruction content with little consideration of each learner‘s learning style. Therefore, Current Web based learning is lacking as a system that encourages individual learning, by failing to provide for proper instruction methods for each learner. This prototype system can find the most effective way of learning for each learner by analyzing a learner’s learning. It also provides content based on the most effective instruction method for the learner taking into consideration learning style. Especially, this proposed adaptive learning system supporting dynamic link by learning style by evaluation for each steps of leaning process.

A robot arm with free joints has some advantages over conventional ones. A light weight and low power consumed arm can be made by a reduction of the number of joint actuators. And this arm can easily overcomes actuator failure due to unexpected accident. In general such underactuated arm does not have controllability because of the lack of joint actuators. The two-link arm with a free joint introduced in this paper is also uncontrollable in the sense of linear system theory. However, the linearized system sometimes can not represent the inherent dynamic behavior of the nonlinear system. In this paper the dynamic characteristics of the two-link arm with a free joint in view of global motion including damping and friction effect of the joints is investigated. In the case of considering only the damping effect, the controllable goal positions are confined to a specific trajectories. But in the case of considering the friction effect, the system can be controlled to arbitrary positions using the friction of the free joint as a holding brake. Also numerical example of position control is presented.

This paper considers WiMedia UWB network based wireless ship area network (WSAN) so as to support high-quality multimedia video data services and important shipboard control data. In this paper, prioritized contention access (PCA) and distributed reservation protocol (DRP) based on WiMedia UWB (ECMA- 368) MAC protocols are combined and proposed to support mixed high-quality video traffic and shipboard control data traffic applying varying DRP and PCA data periods according to channel condition and link parameter ptimization. It is shown that the proposed dynmaic channel allocation of WiMedia UWB MAC protocol can provide reliable mixed video and shipboard control data traffic as well.

This paper presents the new technique of modeling using Dynamic Link Library(DLL) in ElectroMagnetic Transients Program - Restructured Version(EMTP-RV) in which we have simplified the procedures of OverCurrent Relay(OCR) modeling. The DLL function is designed to allow EMTP-RV users to develop advanced program model modules and interface them directly and intimately with the EMTP-RV engine. The modeled OCR is verified by simulating the various fault cases in the distribution system. Also, the performance for the modeling of OCR using DLL is compared with that of the method using the control components of EMTP-RV and using EMTP/MODELS. The results show the validity of modeled OCR and the effectiveness of the method using DLL function.

This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations into the dynamic modelling and characterisation of a two-link flexible manipulator incorporating payload. A planar two-link flexible manipulator that moves in a horizontal plane is considered. A dynamic model of the system is developed using a combined Euler-Lagrange and assumed mode methods, and simulated using Matlab. Experiments are performed on a lab-scaled two-link flexible manipulator for validation of the dynamic model and characterisation of the system. Two system responses namely hub angular position and deflection responses at both links are obtained and analysed in time and frequency domains. The effects of payload on the dynamic characteristics of the flexible manipulator are also studied and discussed. The results show that a close agreement between simulation and experiments is achieved demonstrating an acceptable accuracy of the developed model.

Global state space's optimal policy is used for offline controller in the form of table by using Dynamic Programming. If an optimal policy table has a large amount of control data, it is difficult to use the system in a low capacity system. To resolve these problem, controller using the compressed optimal policy table is proposed in this paper. A DCT is used for compression method and the cosine function is used as a basis. The size of cosine function decreased as the frequency increased. In other words, an essential information which is used for restoration is concentrated in the low frequency band and a value of small size that belong to a high frequency band could be discarded by quantization because high frequency's information doesn't have a big effect on restoration. Therefore, memory could be largely reduced by removing the information. The compressed output is stored in memory of embedded system in offline and optimal control input which correspond to state of plant is computed by interpolation with Inverse DCT in online. To verify the performance of the proposed controller, computer simulation was accomplished with a one link inverted pendulum.

In this paper, we present an incoherent dual-parallel modulation linearized optical link employing two different optical wavelengths. Comparing with previous dual-parallel modulation, this linearization method prevents the recreation of distortion products and can be readily implemented. Furthermore, a dual-wavelength dual-parallel modulation linearized optical link constructed with the commercially available devices is experimentally demonstrated with a spurious-free dynamic range of $122.5dB.Hz^{4/5}$. More than 25 dB suppression of the intermodulation distortion, 15.6 dB improvement of spurious-free dynamic range and 1.5 dB improvement of compression dynamic range are achieved after linearization.

This paper considers a challenging problem: to simultaneously optimize the cost and the quality of service in opaque wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. An optimization problem is proposed that takes the information including network topology, traffic between end nodes, and the target level of congestion at each link/ node in WDM networks. The outputs of this problem include routing, link channel capacities, and the optimum number of switch ports locally added/dropped at all switch nodes. The total network cost is reduced to maintain a minimum congestion level on all links, which provides an efficient trade-off solution for the network design problem. The optimal information is utilized for dynamic traffic in WDM networks, which is shown to achieve the desired performance with the guaranteed quality of service in different networks. It was found that for an average link blocking probability equal to 0.015, the proposed model achieves a net channel gain in terms of wavelength channels (𝛾_w) equal to 35.72 %, 39.09 %, and 36.93 % compared to shortest path first routing and 𝛾_w equal to 29.41 %, 37.35 %, and 27.47 % compared to alternate routing in three different networks.

In the present paper, a new type of electrical actuator, an electromagnetic force driving actuator (EMFA), applicable to air circuit breaker is developed and analyzed. Transient analysis is performed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of EMFA. The distribution of static magnetic flux is obtained using the finite element method. The coupled problems of electrics and mechanics governing equations are solved using the time-difference method. According to the interception rate of each contactor, investigation of the contactor spring load condition is conducted and applied to the threelink system. Comparisons of the dynamic characteristics of the three-link simulation and experimental data are performed.

현재 제안된 MANET에서의 유니캐스트 라우팅[3][4]들은 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 위한 응용에는 적합하지 않다. 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 위하여 제안된 다중 경로 라우팅 메커니즘[5][6]은 추가적인 오버헤드와 비효율적인 자원의 이용이라는 문제점을 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 노드의 링크 단절 빈도와 데이터 전송시의 배터리 소모를 기반으로 하는 신뢰성 있는 단일 경로 설정 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안된 메커니즘의 경우 단절될 확률이 적은 노드들로 구성된 경로를 선택함으로써 기존의 라우팅 알고리즘보다 신뢰성 높은 경로를 설정할 수 있는 동시에 높은 동적 환경에서는 다중 경로를 설정하여 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

통계를 이용한 품사 태깅에서는 자료부족 문제가 이슈가 된다. 한국어나 터키어와 같은 교착어는 어절(word)이 다수 형태소로 구성되어 있어서 자료부족 문제가 더 심각하다. 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 교착어 문장을 어절 열이 아니라 형태소의 열이라 가정한 연구도 있었으나, 어절 특성이 사라지기 때문에 파생에 의한 어절의 문법 범주 변화 등의 통계정보와 어절 간의 통계정보를 구하기 어렵다. 본 논문은 효율적인 어절 간 전이확률 계산 방법론을 고안함으로써 어절 단위의 정보를 유지하면서도 자료부족문제를 해결할 수 있는 확률 모델을 제안한다. 즉, 한국어의 형태통사적인 특성을 고려하면 앞 어절의 마지막 형태소와 함께 뒤 어절의 처음 혹은 끝 형태소-즉 두 개의 어절 간 전이 링크만으로도 어절 간 전이확률 계산 시 필요한 대부분 정보를 얻을 수 있고, 문맥에 따라 두 링크 중 하나만 필요하다는 관찰을 토대로 규칙을 이용해 두전이링크 중 하나를 선택해 전이확률 계산에 사용하는 '다이내믹 링크 모델'을 제안한다. 형태소 품사 bi-gram만을 사용하는 이 모델은 실험 말뭉치에 대해 96.60%의 정확도를 보인다. 이는 같은 말뭉치에 대해 형태소 품사 tri-gram 등의 더 많은 문맥 정보를 사용하는 다른 모델을 평가했을 때와 대등한 성능이다.

본 논문에서는 다양한 크기와 왜곡을 함유한 질의 얼굴 영상이 들어 왔을 때에도 적용 가능한 동적 링크 구조상에서 얼굴 인식에 관한 것이다. 기존의 동적 링크 구조상에서의 얼굴 인식 기술이 얼굴의 크기와 상관없이 일정한 크기의 그래프가 적용이 되기 때문에 얼굴의 크기가 다른 경우에는 인식을 하지 못하였다. 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 질의 영상의 얼굴 타원 정보를 이용하여 고정된 그래프에 맞게 얼굴 크기를 보정함으로써 기존의 우수한 성능을 유지함과 동시에 동적 링크상에서 다양한 크기와 왜곡을 가진 질의 얼굴 영상을 인식할 수 있도록 한 것이다.

This paper proposes a new face recognition technique in the dynamic link architecture which shows robustness against size variation and distortion. The face recognition technique in the dynamic link architecture so far was not appropriate for the recognition of various size of faces because of the fixed size of the graph and the fixed value of a of the Gabor filter not considering the size of the face. The proposed face recognition algorithm can represent the input facial image by a suitable size of labeled graph, and it can also adjust the dilation width and the height of the vibrating amplitude of the Gabor filter, thus face recognition in the dynamic link architecture is even applicable regardless of the size of the face.

본 연구에서는 물리계층 보안을 위한 키 길이를 IoT 무선 채널 상태에 따라 조정하는 링크 적응 방법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 제안 방식은 종래 방식 대비 평균 78.52% 개선된 처리율과 약 2배 개선된 보안성을 보인다.

The existence of clearance at the link joint of a machine is inevitable for assembly and mobility. During the cyclic operation of a machine, rapid changes of the direction and magnitude of connection forces cause momentary loss of contact between the pin and the bushing at the link joint. Contact loss at the clearance joint gives rise to undesirable impact. The impulsive force affects on the performance of the machine, and leads to excessive vibration, noise and faster wear in the connecitons. In this paper, experiment and theoretical analysis were carried out for the variation of crank speed and clearance size. The link mechanism employed in this investigation was newly designed to check the effects of parameter changes on the occurrence of contact loss and on the magnitude of the impact force. The contact loss and impact position were calculated with various driving conditions.

링크모션 펀치프레스는 많은 링크들이 서로 연결되어 있으며 각각의 링크는 고속에서 구속 운동을 수행한다. 그 결과 동적 불평형 힘과 모멘트가 프레스의 메인프레임으로 전달되며 원하지 않는 진동을 수반한다. 이로 인하여 생산성과 정확한 스탬핑 작업의 저하를 초래한다. 이 논문은 기구학 및 동역학 분석에 기초하여 링크모션 펀치프레스의 다이나믹 언발란스를 저감하는 효과적인 방법을 제시한다. 그리고 디자인 변화가 필요할 때마다 메커니즘의 모델 구성을 자동화하기 위한 디자인 변수 방식을 소개한다. 질량, 질량관성모멘트, 질량중심 등의 링크들의 관성 성질을 얻기 위하여 3차원 캐드 소프트웨어를 활용하였다. 메커니즘의 기구학적, 동역학적 거동에 주요한 영향을 미치는 일부 링크들의 디자인을 변화시킬 때 얻을 수 있는 다양한 조합에 대하여 동역학 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

In a link motion punch press, numerous links are interconnected and each link executes a constrained motion at high speed. As a consequence, dynamic unbalance force and moment are transmitted to the main frame of the press, which results in unwanted vibration. This degrades productivity and precise stamping work of the press. This paper presents an effective method for reducing dynamic unbalance in a link motion punch press based upon kinematic and dynamic analyses. Firstly, the kinematic analysis is carried out in order to understand the fundamental characteristics of the link motion mechanism. Then design variable approach is presented in order to automate the model setup for the mechanism whenever design changes are necessary. To obtain the inertia properties of the links such as mass, mass moment of inertia, and the center of mass, 3-dimensional CAD software was utilized. Dynamic simulations were carried out for various combinations of design changes on some links having significant influences on kinematic and dynamic behavior of the mechanism.

Neural network is a computational model of the biological nervous system developed to exploit its intelligence and parallelism. Applying neural networks to robots creates many advantages over conventional control methods such as learning, real-time control, and continuous performance improvement through training and adaptation. In this paper, dynamic control of a six-link robot will be presented using neural networks. The neural network model used in this paper is the backpropagation network. Simulated control of the PUMA 560 arm shows that it can move at high speed as well as adapt to unforseen load changes. The results are compared with the conventional PD control scheme.