Earticle

최근, 건설 산업의 아웃소싱의 건수는 증가하고 있으며, 아웃소싱의 위험요소에 대한 연구는 중요한 과제 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 건설 산업에서 발생한 아웃소싱 문제점의 유형화 메카니즘을 고찰하고, 글로벌 아웃소싱의 실태를 파악하여 아웃소싱을 활성화하는 방법론을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서는 아웃소싱의 위험요소에 대한 선행연구를 분석하였으며, 아웃소싱 문제점을 구체화하기 위해 사례연구를 실시하였다. 건설 산업의 아웃소싱 제휴유형의 분석을 통해 위험요소의 최소화 방안을 고찰하였으며, 전문가 인터뷰 및 사례연구의 결과를 고찰하여 아웃소싱 활성화를 지원하는 중점 전략의 점검항목들을 제시하였다. 제안된 점검항목은 유사한 아웃소싱 프로젝트에 적용할 수 있도록 체계적으로 축적된 자료로서 아웃소싱 관련 조직간 정보전달을 개선할 수 있는 유효한 정보로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

As the number of outsourcing of construction industry grows up, the subject of the risk element of outsourcing has become one of the grave issue. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to suggest methodology to revitalize outsourcing by organizing the actual conditions of global outsourcing and considering mechanism for the classification of problems of outsourcing that occur in construction industry. To achieve these objective, this paper 1)analyzes the prior theory about risk element of outsourcing, 2)performs a case study to embody the problems of the outsourcing, 3)we have studied about minimization of risk element through analysis of alliance type of outsourcing that occur in construction industry, and 4)proposes the inspection items of priority strategy for supporting invigoration of outsourcing analyzing the results of case study and interviewing experts. It is anticipated that the effective information of proposed inspection items would be able to improve communication among the related organization and systematically accumulate data that might be used in similar outsourcing projects.

After reviewing the principle of a new display utilizing bent-core liquid crystals, we summarize the advantages and problems of this display. Then we will introduce our effort to overcome these problems mostly by synthesizing new materials. We obtained a variety of newly synthesized compounds showing the $SmAP_R$ phase. Mixing was effective to decrease and widening the temperature range of the $SmAP_R$ phase.

PEN(1)(다항식전개 노달) 해법을 육방형 노심의 과도상태 해석과 Adjoint flux(수반 중성자속)해법에 응용하여 여러가지 Benchmark문제들(3)(4)(5)을 풀고 그 결과를 다른 수치기법 결과와 비교·분석하였다. 2차원 육방형 대형중수로 과도상태 Benchmark문제(5)를 다항식전개 노달해법에 의한 과도상태 해석·검증의 대상으로 삼았으며 그 기준 계산치로서 FX2-TH 코드의 계산결과를 사용하였다 대형중수로 노심의 과도상태 해석 결과, 기준해와 비교해 집합체 낙하시작 3초 후에 집합체가 낙하한 위치에서 Normalized Flux 오차가 0.5% 이내, 집합체가 낙하하지 않은 위치에서 Normalized Flux 오차가 1% 이내의 정확한 결과를 보였다. Adjoint flux 해의 검증을 위해서는 VENTURE 코드(2)의 계산 결과를 기준해로 하였으며, 계산능 검증을 위해 사용된 대부분 의 Benchmark 문제들에서 작은 오차를 보였으나 반사체가 포함된 IAEA 문제에서는 큰 오차를 보였다.

The continuous energy Monte Carlo neutron transport code, MC21, was coupled to the CTF subchannel thermal-hydraulics code using a combination of Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) tools and in-house Python scripts. An MC21/CTF solution for VERA Core Physics Benchmark Progression Problem 6 demonstrated good agreement with MC21/COBRA-IE and VERA solutions. The MC21/CTF solution for VERA Core Physics Benchmark Progression Problem 7, Watts Bar Unit 1 at beginning of cycle hot full power equilibrium xenon conditions, is the first published coupled Monte Carlo neutronics/subchannel T-H solution for this problem. MC21/CTF predicted a critical boron concentration of 854.5 ppm, yielding a critical eigenvalue of $0.99994{\pm}6.8E-6$ (95% confidence interval). Excellent agreement with a VERA solution of Problem 7 was also demonstrated for integral and local power and temperature parameters.

The light element candidates such as S, O, Si, and K are discussed for the reasonable compositions in the earth's core since the available data show density difference from pure iron core. These candidates are favored by the some evidences such as depletion in the crust and mantle, and lower eutectic temperature of Fe-FeS melt for sulfur. FeO phase for oxygen, lighter mass than sulfur and solubility in metallic phases for silicon, and partitioning in Fe-FeS melt for potassium. However, other problems such as short experimental data, initial compositions of these elements, and oxidation state during the formation of the earth should be solved simultaneously to confirm these light elements.

부정청탁금지법의 실행으로 인하여 시장과 국민들의 경제생활에 적지 않는 변화가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 변화에는 긍정적인 것도 부정적인 것도 있을 것이다. 우려스러운 것은 빈대 잡으려다 초가상간 다 태우는 어리석은 결과가 발생할 수 있다는 것이다. 특히 경제에 있어서 잘못된 요인으로 경제가 침체되면 이를 되돌릴 수 없거나 상당한 대가를 지불하고 겨우 이전 수준으로 회복시킬 수 있다. 우리나라는 장기적 침체기를 겪고 있는 지금 시장을 위축시키는 요인은 최대한 피해야 할 것이다. 이 법으로 인한 부정효과가 시장 침체이고 긍정효과가 공직사회의 투명성일 수 있다. 현재 부정청탁금지법의 시행을 통한 혼란을 방지하기 위해 소속된 구성을 대상으로 하는 기관의 교육은 물론이고 일반인을 대상으로도 다양한 교육이 실시되고 있다. 그런데 언론을 비롯하여 유권해석기관인 권익위 조차 법을 균형적으로 설명하고 것이 발견된다. 한편. 공직에 종사하지 않는 일반국민 대다수는 자신들이 이 법에 적용대상자가 아니리고 잘 못 알고 있다. 그리고 스스로가 이 법의 적용대상자라고 생각하는 사람들의 경우, 이 법의 내용과 다르게 지나치게 위축된 생활을 하기도 한다. 한편, 유권해석기관과 사법부가 법해석과 적용기준과 관련된 부분에 있어서 충돌하거나 적지 않는 견해 차이를 보이고 있어 수범자들이 어떤 기준에 따라야 할지 혼란이 가중되고 있다. 본 논문은 부정청탁금지법의 많은 논쟁점 중에서 핵심적인 사항에 해당하는 첫째, ‘적용대자’와 ‘직무관련성’ 요건, 둘째, ‘금품등’과 ‘사회상규’의 개념 등을 중심으로 하는 다음과 같은 핵심 개선방안을 도출하여 제시하였다. 첫째, 금품등의 수수 금지 규정은 형법으로 편입시켜 일원화시킨다. 둘째, 적용대상자에서 언론사 및 사립학교 관련자를 제외시킨다. 셋째, 직무관련성이 없음에도 처벌받을 수 있는 조항을 모두 삭제하여야 한다. 넷째, 외부강의등의 사례금 수수 제한을 없애야 한다. 그렇지 않을 경우, 현행법 규정 그대로 ‘공직자등의 직무·지위·직책에서 나오는 사실상의 영향력을 악용한 것만’을 적용대상으로 하여야 하고, 사례금의 상한선을 규제하는 것도 완전히 철폐하여야 한다. 여섯째, 외국인의 외국에서의 이 법 위반 행위도 처벌하여야 한다.

Due to the execution of “The Improper Solicitation and Graft Act” are quite a few changes that are occurring in the economic life of the people and the market. These changes will have a negative also be positive. It is worrisome that a burning candle is ridiculous results bedbugs japeuryeoda incest can be caused. We are sure to remember “Don’t as throw the baby out with the bathwater.” Especially when the economy is in the economic downturn in the wrong factors or pay a price to return it and can only be restored to the previous level. The nation is now shrinking factor in a market suffering from long-term recession will be avoided as much as possible. Negative effects of the market downturn and the act can be a positive social effect transparency in public office. Education institutions targeting the belonging configuration in order to avoid confusion over the enforcement of the current act, as well as illegal solicitation is being conducted also a variety of education for the public. However, including the media, which is found to be a serious misunderstanding of the act, even above the interests authoritative interpretation organization, the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission. Meanwhile. Many ordinary citizens not engaged in public service know they are not good at hitting is not subject to the applicable act. And for those who think themselves the subjects of applicable act, unlike the contents of this Act it shall also contracted a life too. On the other hand, there is a authoritative interpretation agency and the judiciary do not show a difference of opinion conflict or less in part related to the interpretation and application of act standards initiative characters are confused whether to comply with certain criteria and weighting. This paper is the first ‘subject of application’ and ‘duties related requirement’ that the essential requirements of the many controversial points of The Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, and second, ‘gifts, etc.’ and follows centered on the concepts such as ‘social normal usages’ It proposed to derive the same key improvements. First, the Prohibition of Acceptance of Financial or other Advantages are unified by then incorporated into the Criminal Code. Second, and except for the media and private schools involved in applied subjects. Third, all of the provisions that can be punished in the duties unrelated official should be deleted. Fourth, get rid of the Restriction of Acceptance of Honoraria for Outside Lectures or Relevant Activities. Otherwise, the current act and regulations as it shall be the “as the public official or relevant person’s the abuse behavior, they accept the reward money related to his or her duties or requested due to de facto influence arising from his or her position or responsibilities in the outside lecture or relevant activity” only applies to, and the upper limit of reward of the outside lecture or relevant activity should be eliminated entirely. Sixth, it should also be punished in violation of the act of a foreign country. Seventh, the requirement for the prohibition of illegal appeal should be defined as a request for illegal or unfair economic gain from the beginning.

Future war needs a lot of changes for military organization. In this circumstance, it is importance the role of the Military Equipment Command Separation (MECS). In case of Korea Marine Corps, in spite of being MECS, Marine Corps has formed supply chain depended on Amy and Navy even it. Thus we proposed a new SCM of Marine Corps with Sense and Response concept. There are many problems and arguments to implement of new SCM. Therefore it is essential solving the problems but we don't know core problems and right solving directions. So, In this study, we present core problems deduction and selection of solving direction using TP(Thinking Process).

본 연구는 프레네가 죽기 2년 전 자기 교육학의 핵심만을 뽑아 일종의 교사용 매뉴얼로 작성한『교육학의 불변법칙』(Les Invariants Pdagogiques, 1964)을 전거(典據)로 프레네 교육의 핵심사상과 주제를 밝히고, 그것을 전통주의 교육이론과 진보주의 교육이론 간의 논쟁의 맥락에서 살피고 논의하는데 목적이 있다. 아동관과 아동본성의 존중, 배움의 원리, 규율과 질서, 학교조직의 구성과 운영, 학생평가로 나누어 살펴본 프레네 교육의 다섯 가지 핵심사상과 주제는 아동을 어떻게 볼 것인지, 아이들의 배움을 어떤 방식으로 접근할 것인지, 학교에서 주로 권위와 자유의 문제로 대두되는 규율과 질서 그리고 학교운영의 문제를 어떻게 풀 것인지, 평가방식은 어떠해야 하는지 등 우리가 학교교육 전반에 걸쳐 숙고해야 하는 주제를 포괄한다. 프레네 교육은 대체로 진보주의 교육의 흐름을 공유하지만, 아동관이나 민중교육적 측면에서 여타의 진보주의 교육과의 차별점 또한 지니고 있다. 전통적 교육에 좀더 치우쳐있는 우리의 현 학교교육 상황에서, 그와 다른 방식의 교육이 가능하다는 점을 하나의 법칙으로 명시화했다는 점은 분명 그의 교육론이 주는 시사점일 것이다. 또한 교육이론적 대비점을 통해 그의 교육론에 담긴 강점과 약점이 무엇인지를 살펴보게 한 것은 그의 교육론에 대한 맹목적 수용이 가져올 수 있는 오류나 간과할 수 있는 부분이 무엇인지를 파악하게 하는 기회를 우리에게 제공할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate core ideas in the pedagogy of Freinet shown in The Pedagogical Invariants(Les Invariants Pédagogiques, 1964) which was written by Freinet as a kind of teacher's manual. For the purpose, this study discusses the subject in the context of debate between traditional and progressive educational theory. Generally, five core ideas in the pedagogy of Freinet are respect for child nature, experimental testing(tâtonnement expérimental) and functional work(fonctionnel travail) as principles of learning, discipline and order through cooperative work, democratic construction and management of school organization, and non-competitive student's evaluation. They may be considered as progressive educational theory. However, there is a difference between progressive educational theory and the pedagogy of Freinet in that the latter emphasizes the role of teachers and schools based on the people(l'école du peuple). As traditional educational theories prevail in Korea, the pedagogy of Freinet illuminates us an alternative educational way.

This study systematically identifies clothing challenges faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities and establishes core design attributes for adaptive clothing. Despite the significant dressing difficulties encountered by this population-stemming from their complex cognitive, sensory, and motor characteristics-the existing adaptive clothing market has largely concentrated on physical disabilities, neglecting their multifaceted needs. To address this gap, a multi-method qualitative approach was employed, which included non-participant observation at three university hospital rehabilitation departments over 12 days, semi-structured interviews with 10 caregivers from Korea and China, and a focus group session with six fashion-related graduate students. The findings revealed six categories of clothing challenges: problems with fastening systems, size specifications, cognitive support design elements, material-related issues, structural details, and care and maintenance. From these insights, six core design attributes were derived through expert reinterpretation: ease of operation, structural suitability, cognitive intuitiveness, material comfort, low irritation, and ease of care. These attributes serve as essential design criteria that should be integrated into the development of adaptive clothing for this population. This study contributes to the academic discourse on adaptive clothing for individuals with intellectual disabilities and offers a foundational framework for future research and product development in this area.

본 연구의 목적은 부모의 핵심역량과 유아교사의 핵심역량이 유아의 내재적 외재적 행동문제에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 광주광역시의 유치원과 어린이집에 다니고 있는 만 3,4,5세 유아와 유아의 부모, 유아교사를 대상으로 설문조사 하였다. 연구결과, 부모의 핵심역량은 양육역량이 높았으며, 유아교사의 핵심역량은 학급운영역량이 높았고 유아의 내재적 외재적 행동문제에서는 외재적 행동문제인 자기중심성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 부모의 배경변인 중 학력과 직업유무에 따라 유아의 내재적 외재적 행동문제에 차이가 있었으며, 유아교사의 배경변인은 연령, 경력, 학력에 있어서 차이가 나타났다. 유아의 내재적 행동문제는 유아교사의 교직인성 및 전문성개발, 대인관계 및 의사소통역량, 유아의 외재적 행동문제는 부모의 사회적 역량과 유아교사의 교직인성 및 전문성 개발, 대인관계 및 의사소통역량, 학급운영역량이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아의 내재적 외재적 행동문제에 영향을 미치는 부모와 교사의 핵심역량 변인을 향상시키기 위한 방안마련이 요구됨을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact core competencies of parents and infant teachers have on the internal and external behavioral problems of infants. For this purpose, this study conducted surveys on children aged 3,4, and 5 from kindergartens and daycare centers in Gwangju Metropolitan City, their parents and teachers. As results, parents' core competencies were high in parenting, infant teachers' core competencies were high in class management, and infants' internal and external behavior problems showed the highest external behavior in the form of self-centeredness. Among the background variables of the parents’, there were differences in the internal and external behavior of infants depending on the parents’ educational background and job status, and as for the background variables of infant teachers, the differences depended on the teacher’ age, career, and academic background. The internal behavioral problems of infants have been shown to affect the teaching and professional development, interpersonal and communication skills of infant teachers. and The external behavioral problems of infants have been shown to affect the social capacity of parents and the development of teaching personality and professionalism of infant teachers, interpersonal and communication capabilities, and class operation capabilities. These results suggest that measures are needed to improve the core competency variables of parents and teachers affecting the internal and external behavioral problems of infants.

This study examines the issues on the core competencies and regulations for educational purposes in 2015 revised curriculum. For this purpose, It discussed the relationship between core competencies and 2015 revised curriculum, identify the position of the core competencies in educational purposes, and some issues related to the core competencies in 2015 revised curriculum. As a result of the discussion, some issues associated with core competencies are the status in educational purpose system, the relationship between guideline and subject matters, and the method of teaching?learning and evaluation in reconstruction of competency-based curriculum.

본 연구에서는 코로나19 시대에 비대면 교양 수업의 문제점을 검토하고, 교양영어 수업의 운영 전략에 대한 시사점을 도출하기 위한 방안을 고찰하였으며, D대학의 학습자들의 설문 조사와 핵심역량을 기반으로 이루어질 것이다. 본 논문은 다음과 같은 주된 이유로 해결책을 제시하고자 한다. 우선, 교양교육과정에 핵심역량을 도입한 이유에 대해 초점을 맞출 것이다. 둘째, 핵심 역량의 상호 연계성에 대해 평가할 것이다. 셋째, 핵심역량을 기반으로 교양교육과정의 완성도를 높이는 방안을 밝힐 것이다. 더욱이 핵심역량을 중심으로 대학의 교양교육과정의 연계성 강화를 위해 핵심요소와 구성 요소를 측정할 것이다. 그러나 일부 연구 결과는 2015년 개정판에 국가수준 교육현장에서 밝힌 내용도 포함될 것이다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 비대면 수업의 질을 높이고 자기주도 학습을 통해 창의적 융합사고력을 높일 수 있는 좋은 기회가 될 것이다

The purpose of this study is to examine the problems of non face-to-face liberal arts class in the era of Covid-19, and to consider ways to derive implications for the operation strategy of liberal arts English class. This study will be based on the survey and the core competencies of D university. This paper will target at the main reasons, deep causes, and best solutions as follows. First of all, the study will focus on the reasons for introducing core competencies into the Liberal Arts curriculum. Secondly, it will evaluate the interconnections of the core competencies. Thirdly, the study will unveil the ways to improve the completion of the Liberal Arts curriculum based on core competencies. Furthermore, the study will measure the key factors and components to reinforce the connectivity of the university's Liberal Arts curriculum which centers on the core competencies. However, some of the findings were included and revealed at the national level education field in the revised version in 2015. In conclusion, this study is an excellent opportunity to improve the quality of Liberal Arts education of a remote learning class and to increase their creative convergence of thinking through self-directed learning.

In the traditional theory of international law, corporation was private actor, which should be only regulated by domestic law, having nothing to do with the international law, while the human rights protection should be the issue of the country, involving the international law. Therefore, there exists no intersection between corporation and human rights protection. However, in recent decades, a series of human rights violations have been caused by the corporations, and the human rights protection calls for the joint efforts of the world. Especially in the era of globalization of economy, the issue of human rights has been more sensitive, difficult and complex, and corporation can no longer escape the responsibility of human rights protection as it is not the subject in the international law. The Norms on the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights was the first international legal document that comprehensively and systematically described the corporation’s human rights protection, which involved human rights protection, humanitarian, international labor protection, environmental protection, and the consumers’ rights and interests protection, Because of the Norms’ universality of the scope, prevalence of the content, and the directness and mandatory of the validity, it was considered as one of the notable landmarks on the road of the corporation’s responsibility for human rights violation. But due to the Norms’ vague expression of the “international corporations”, “company conspiracy”, and “scope of the activity and influence”, and wide regulating object, undeveloped self-regulation of the corporation’s human rights obligation, ambiguous jurisdiction of the courts and other procedural matters, etc. it was failed to pass in the final vote when submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework has been passed in 2011, but with the significance of the Norms in the aspect of international regulation of the corporation’s human rights, it would continue having great effects on theoretical and practical study within a long period of time. Throughout the international development of the corporate social responsibility, it is not difficult to see that the international regulation of the corporation’s human rights obligations will apply itself to further clarify the scope of the “international corporations”, consult the classification of the “direct accomplice”, “indirect accomplice” and “silent accomplice” of the “company conspiracy” that suggested by the academic field, and interpret the expression of the “scope of the activity and influence”. Meanwhile, the corporation’s human rights obligations will regard the World Trade Organization as a main platform from indirect, negative regulation to direct and active regulation, set legal remedies on the basis of the original obligations, and protect the human rights at the international and domestic levels.