Earticle

사람들은 자신의 더 나은 선택을 위하여 끊임없이 노력한다. 이러한 이유로 추천시스템이 개발되었으며, 1990년대 초반부터 계속해서 발전하고 있다. 그 중, 협업필터링 기법은 추천시스템 분야에서 우수한 성능을 보였으며, 기계학습이 등장하면서 기계학습을 이용한 추천시스템에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. 본 연구는 앙상블 방법 중에서 스태킹 모형 을 사용하여 추천시스템을 구축하며, 실제 고객의 상품 구매 데이터를 활용하여 협업필터링과 기계학습 기반 스태킹 모형 으로 추천시스템을 개발하였다. 제시한 모형의 추천 성능은 기존의 협업필터링과 기계학습 기반 추천시스템과 비교하여 모형의 우수성을 확인하며, 연구결과는 스태킹 모형을 이용한 추천시스템 모형의 추천 성능이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 향후 본 연구에서 제안한 모형은 개인이나 기업이 더 나은 선택을 하여 상품을 추천할 때 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

People constantly strive for better choices. For this reason, recommender system has been developed since the early 1990s. In particular, collaborative filtering technique has shown excellent performance in the field of recommender systems, and research of recommender system using machine learning has been actively conducted. This study constructs recommender system using collaborative filtering and machine learning based on stacking model which is one of ensemble methods. The results of this study confirm that the recommender system with the stacking model is useful in aspects of recommender performance. In the future, the model proposed in this study is expected to help individuals or firms to make better choices.

Based on the analysis of collaborative product development process, the overall task load model was established. Through analyzing the features of task iteration convergence and building the design capabilities constraint functions, the design capability reliability evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the conflict between task iteration and design capabilities for each design entity, and judge whether the design entities’ capability is capable or not to complete the design tasks on the condition of the task iteration. Based on the assessment results and combined iterative design structure matrix, the main factors which affecting the task iteration was analyzed and corresponding improvement measures were also proposed for the purpose of reducing task iteration frequency and optimizing the conflict processes. Finally, a case study was presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

To deliver new products to market in a due time, companies often develop their products with numerous partners distributed around the world. Internet technologies can provide a cheap and efficient basis of collaborative product development among distributed partners. This paper provides a framework and its product database model that can support consistent product data during collaborative product development. This framework consists of four components for representing consistent product structure: the product configuration, assembly structure, multiple representations and engineering changes. A product database model realizing the framework is designed and implemented as a system that supports collaborative works in the areas of product design and technical publication. The system enables participating designers and technical publishers to complete their tasks with shared and consistent product data. It also manages the propagation of engineering changes among different representations for individual participants. The Web technologies introduced in this system enable participants to easily access and operate shared product data in a standardized and distributed computing environment.

This study attempted non-face-to-face collaborative product development practice that can respond to the spread of COVID-19 by expanding existing product data management system-based product development practice. For the complete non-face-to-face product development practice, it utilized prototype development using a 3D paper model, an online class management system and social media for classes and meetings. As a result of applying the non-face-to-face method, product developments of 26 practice teams have been completed without any failures. Therefore, through this study, the author can confirm that it is possible to provide the complete non-face-to-face collaborative product development practice based on product data management systems.

The information sharing is essential to make collaboration by participants in the collaboration environment. The sharing of the information is necessary to reduce time-to-market of new Product. In this paper, V2-model is proposed far supporting the sharing of the information on product development. V2-model supports collaborative product development in design and supply chain. Through viewpoints, V2-model supports 1) two-level structure that consist of private level and public level ,2) level-up process and 3) product development process. The public level information supports to share the product information on collaborative supply chain and design. The viewpoints in V2-model are divided into public viewpoints that point to the public level information and private viewpoints that point to the private level information. Private viewpoints are transformed into public viewpoints. The extended Topic Map has B-Topic, S-Topic and View for representing V2-model in this paper. The level-up process of V2-model is implemented through the merging of S-Topics. V2-model is implemented with washing machine model using extended Topic Maps. In this model, the public viewpoints and private viewpoints are represented and the level-up process, which transforms private viewpoints into public viewpoints, is implemented.

Designing Seal Windows System ㆍReduced (by a factor of at least 10) the time for evaluating each design alternative ㆍIncreased quality by 20％ (measured as the number of errors that are caught before they propagate) ㆍFound and corrected errors prior to production with an estimated $1-2 million in annual savings in warranty costs ㆍCaptured the state of a design, particularly the parameters that were used to make decisions ㆍEliminated geographic and temporal obstacles ㆍDecreased wasted time caused by slow communication paths(omitted)

구매기업은 신제품을 개발하는 과정에서 제품 개발단가, 리드타임 및 제조능력을 향상시키고자 공급업체를 참여시킨다. 하지만 신제품 개발프로젝트를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 공급업체들이 구매업체들로부터 기대되는 자신의 임무와 책임을 명확히 이해해야 한다. 그러나 공급업체들은 부족한 정보와 불명확한 자료들로 인하여 고충을 겪기도 하고, 특정 현상에 대하여 구매기업의 의도와는 다르게 해석하는 문제 등으로 인해 어려움을 경험하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 부족한 정보, 불명확한 정의, 해석상의 이견 및 해당 임무를 수행함에 있어 발생하는 일련의 오해 등으로 발생하는 불확실한 상황을 프로젝트 모호성이라는 개념으로 정의하였다. 물론 이러한 프로젝트 모호성은 구매기업과 공급업체 양쪽에서 발생하지만, 본 논문에서는 공급업체를 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 주제는 공급업체가 느끼는 프로젝트 모호성의 선행요인이 무엇이며, 프로젝트 모호성이 공급업체의 프로젝트 성과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보는것이다. 지식기반관점으로 이와 같은 현상을 살펴본 결과 프로젝트 모호성의 선행요인으로 제품의 혁신성, 구매기업 핵심지식 보호성향, 공급업체 흡수역량 및 구매기업-공급업체 커뮤니케이션 수준을 제시하였다. 연구 가설을 검증하기 위하여한국내의 자동차산업, 전자산업 및 방위산업군에서 총 103개의 샘플을 확보하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과 제품의 혁신성과 구매기업 핵심지식 보호성향은 공급업체가 느끼는 프로젝트 모호성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 프로젝트모호성이 커질수록 성과에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Buying firms often involve suppliers in their new product development projects to reduce development cost and lead time and improve manufacturability of the new product. To be successful, a supplier organization needs to understand clearly its roles and responsibilities expected by the buyer organization. Yet the supplier often complains about insufficient and unclear data, and suffers from ambiguous interpretations that contradict buyer’s expectation. We conceptualized project ambiguity as perceived uncertainty arising from insufficient information,unclear definitions, conflicting interpretations, and misunderstandings of facts in carrying out relevant tasks. Although both organizations may face project ambiguity, this study focused on the supplier side. Hence, we explore the antecedents to supplier-perceived project ambiguity,and its effect upon the supplier’s project performance and business performance. Underpinned in the knowledge based view of the firm, we suggested the following four antecedents: product innovativeness, buyer’s protectiveness of core knowledge, supplier absorptive capacity, and degree of buyer-supplier routine communication. A total of 103 joint new product development projects were sampled from the automotive, electronics, and defense industries in Korea to empirically test the hypotheses. Empirical analyses revealed that product innovativeness and buyer’s protectiveness of core knowledge significantly increased ambiguity perceived by the supplier, and in turn, that the greater ambiguity negatively affected the project performance and supplier’s business performance measures.

As product development process becomes complex, it becomes more important for engineering students to experience collaborative product development. Especially the collaboration experience based on Product Data Management (PDM) systems is useful, since participants are likely to use the same environment for their professional product development. However, instructors have difficulties to evaluate contribution of each participant to their projects during the practices, since it is hard to trace personal activities for collaborative design processes. To solve this problem, this study suggests a data-driven objective method that analyses product data accumulated in PDM databases to evaluate numerically calculated contributions of participants to their class projects. As a result, the quantitative measures provided by the data-driven analysis with qualitative measures for project results can improve the fairness and quality of evaluation of contributions of participants to collaborative projects. This study implemented the proposed evaluation method with an information system and discussed the result of the application of the system to product development practices.

빠르게 변화하는 기술의 발달은 제품의 수명주기를 단축시키는 결과를 가져오게 되었다. 이와 같은 현상은 신제품 개발시 구매자와 공급자가 함께 공동으로 제품을 개발하는 중요성이 점차 증대하는 하나의 원인으로 작용하였다. 이와 더불어 성공적인 신제품 개발을 위한 조직의 역량에 대한 기존의 연구들도 활발하게 진행되었다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 구매자의 관점에서 다루어진 구조적 지식과 공급자 선정의 중요성 등을 강조한 논문들이 대부분이며, 공급자의 관점에서 분석한 논문은 매우 제한적이다. 하지만, 신제품 개발 환경이 점차 공급자에 대한 의존도가 커지는 것을 고려할 때에 공급자의 관점에서 필요한 조직 역량에 대한 연구는 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 선행 연구의 부족한 부분을 보완하기 위하여 공급자 측면에서의 성공적인 신제품 개발 역량에 초점을 맞추어 실시하였다. 지식기반이론과 여러 선행연구들을 바탕으로 공급자의 협업역량은 신제품 개발 프로젝트 성과와 구매자 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 신제품 개발 프로젝트 성과는 구매자 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 가설을 수립하였다. 이와 같은 가설을 검증하기 위하여 신제품 공동개발이 활발하게 발생하는 자동차, 전기, 국방산업에서 수집한 설문자료를 바탕으로 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 공급자의 협업역량이 높을수록 신제품 개발 프로젝트 성과가 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 공급자의 협업역량이 높을수록 구매자의 만족도가 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구에서 강조하였던 공급자의 기술역량과 함께 관계역량에도 많은 관심을 기울여야 하는 것을 의미한다.

The development of rapidly changing technologies has resulted in shorter product life cycles. This phenomenon is one of the reasons that the purchaser and the supplier jointly develop the product together in the development of the new product. In addition, previous studies on the organization's ability to develop successful new products have been actively conducted. However, most of the previous studies emphasize the importance of structural knowledge and supplier selection in the buyer's viewpoint, and the papers analyzed from the supplier's perspective are very limited. However, considering the increasing reliance on suppliers for the new product development environment, it is necessary to study the organizational competence required from the supplier's point of view. This study focuses on successful new product development capabilities in terms of suppliers in order to complement the shortcomings of these previous studies. Based on the knowledge-based theory and several previous studies, it was hypothesized that the collaborative capabilities of suppliers have a positive effect on the performance of new product development projects and buyer satisfaction, and that the performance of new product development projects has a positive effect on buyer satisfaction. To verify this hypothesis, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the questionnaires collected from automobile, electricity, and military industries where new product development is actively occurring. The results show that the higher the supplier 's collaborative capability, the better the performance of the new product development project. The higher the supplier 's ability to collaborate, the higher the satisfaction of buyer. This result implies that we need to pay much attention to the competence of the supplier as well as the competence of the supplier, which has been emphasized in the previous studies.

Today enterprises are bringing forward the strong needs for the Global Work Space that is able to realize the collaboration of the virtual enterprise in order to achieve the rapid entrance to market, the quality improvement as well as the cost reduction of their new products. Especially, they are building the efficient Product Management Infrastructure in parallel with the real-time knowledge management for the information generated in the course of a product lifecycle and the Process Innovation making the Concurrent Engineering possible. Building a system in the web environment cannot be the entire effort to realize the Global Work Space within an enterprise that is an essential factor for the reduction of a product development period which in turn contributes to Time to Market. Various work models and processes are found in enterprises and many different application programs are developed and utilized to support these. This study proposes a scheme for the optimized Collaborative Workflow System Architecture that is able to take in and apply various application programs accompanied by the product development work process. Through this, we are to examine various limits and problems existing in the real-time collaborative system between enterprises and to reform these.

We developed a similar product recommendation system for implementing a collaborative commerce model between the cooperating companies. The system is based on a similar product finding algorithm. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is using a multi-attribute decision making(MADM) to find the utility values of products in same product class of the companies. Based on the values we determine what products are similar. The system helps the companies to recommend products in accordance with the customer's preferences regarding product specifications.