Earticle

In modern industrial society, many kinds of valves have been used to control fluid flow. For the optimization of a ball valve, a quarter of spherical ball was modeled and evaluated. However, there is a difficulty in the application of the optimization technique because of the complexity of the fluid and the restriction of analysis. Therefore, in this study, it is performed to evaluate the stability of an initial model using FEM(Finite Element Method) and CFD. In addition, a shape optimization design of the valve is accomplished using an orthogonal arrangement and characteristic functions. From the result, a new design method is represented that could overcome the time and space restriction in structural design, such as the divided ball valve with less experiment.

본 연구는 충동조절장애에 속하는 병적 도박자와 마찬가지로 인터넷 중독 성향자의 전두엽 실행기능이 손상되어 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생에게 인터넷 중독진단검사를 사용하여 인터넷 중독 성향자 집단 20명과 통제 집단 20명을 선발하고 이들을 대상으로 의사결정의 특징을 알 수 있는 도박과제(Gambling Task), 충동성을 측정하는 연속수행과제(Continuous Performance Task), 반응억제 수준을 측정하는 스트룹 검사(Stroop Test) 그리고 인지적인 유연성과 창의성을 측정하는 단어유창성 검사(Word Fluency)를 시행하였다. 그 결과, 인터넷 중독 성향자 집단은 의사결정이나 반응억제 수준에서는 통제 집단과 차이가 없었으나 충동적이고 인지적 유연성이 저하되어 있는 특징이 발견되었다. 이러한 결과는 인터넷 중독 성향자 집단이 전두엽 실행기능의 일부 기능이 저하되어 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 앞으로의 추후연구 방향에 대해 논의되었다.

This study investigated impairments in frontal lobe's executive function in internet addiction like pathologic gambling in impulse-control disorder. 40 undergraduate students(20 Internet addictive tendency group and 20 control group) participated in four executive function task: Gambling Task(measuring decision-making), Continuous Performance Task(measuring impulsivity), Stroop Test(measuring response inhibition), Word Fluency Test(measuring cognitive flexibility). The results indicate that there was no significant difference in decision-making and response inhibition ability between internet addictive tendency group and control group. But, internet addictive tendency group was more impulsive and poor cognitive flexibility than control group. In conclusion, these findings support some executive dysfunction in internet addiction group. The limitations of this study and suggested directions for future research were discussed.

A Damek-Ricci space is a typical locally harmonic manifold, which is a generalization of the rank one symmetric space of the non-compact type. In this paper, we determine explicitly the characteristic function of a Damek-Ricci space by calculating the determinant of a Jacobi tensor.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can provide significant increments in capacity; however, the capacity of MIMO systems degrades severely when spatial correlation among multipath channels is present. This paper demonstrates that the influence of shadowing on the channel capacity is more substantial than that of multipath fading; therefore, the shadowing effect is actually the dominant impairment. To overcome the composite fading effects, we propose combining macroscopic selection diversity (MSD) schemes with MIMO technology. To analyze the system performance, the capacity outage expression of MIMO-based MSD (MSD-MIMO) systems using a characteristic function is applied. The analytic results show that there are significant improvements when MSD schemes are applied, even for the two-base-station diversity case. It is also observed that the effect of spatial correlation due to multipath fading is almost negligible when multiple base stations cooperatively participate in the mobile communication topology.

This paper presents the joint characteristic function of the first- and second-order polarization-modedispersion (PMD) vectors in installed optical fibers that are almost linearly birefringent. The joint characteristic function is a Fourier transform of the joint probability density function of these PMD vectors. We regard the random fiber birefringence components as white Gaussian processes and use a Fokker-Planck method. In the limit of a large transmission distance, our joint characteristic function agrees with the previous joint characteristic function obtained for highly birefringent fibers. However, their differences can be noticeable for practical transmission distances.

In this paper, we study the problem of transforming to normality. We propose to estimate the transformation parameter by minimizing a weighted squared distance between the empirical characteristic function of transformed data and the characteristic function of the normal distribution. Our approach also allows for other symmetric target characteristic functions. Asymptotics are established for a random sample selected from an unknown distribution. The proofs show that the weight function $t^{-2}$ needs to be modified to have thinner tails. We also propose the method to compute the influence function for M-equation taking the form of U-statistics. The influence function calculations and a small Monte Carlo simulation show that our estimates are less sensitive to a few outliers than the maximum likelihood estimates.

This study derives the characteristic functions of (multivariate/generalized) t distributions without contour integration. We extended Hursts method (1995) to (multivariate/generalized) t distributions based on the principle of randomization and mixtures. The derivation methods are relatively straightforward and are appropriate for graduate level statistics theory courses.

Using the well-known Fokker-Planck method, this paper presents a standard way to find the joint-characteristic function for the first- and second-order polarization-mode-dispersion vectors originally derived by Foschini and Shepp. Compared with the Foschini and Shepp's approach, the Fokker-Planck approach gives a more accurate and straightforward way to find the joint-characteristic function.

We have designed High Performance Prism LGP in 17 inch TFT-LCD. In test result to embody high brightness BLU in case of LGP of base and upper surface with 17 inch, thickness 8mm adding prism construct, it is superior brightness improvement than previous that of printing form about some 20% and in this course to embody actual material it succeeded prism LGP production by 17 inch injection form process.

This paper proposes a new strategy to estimate the rotor flux of an induction machine for the direct field oriented control. Electrical model of the induction machine presents the basic idea based on observer structure, which is composed of voltage model and current model. But the former has the defects in low speed range, the latter has the defects of sensitivity to machine parameters. In spite of these shortcomings, the closed loop flux observer based on two models has been prevalent estimation method for the direct field oriented control. In this paper, generalized analysis method named "observer characteristic function method"is proposed to analyze the kinds of the linear flux observers in unified form. With the observer characteristic function, the estimated rotor flux error involved in the classical methods can be easily clarified. Moreover, the novel rotor flux observer based on this analysis is also presented and the effectiveness of the observer has been verified by the simulation and experimental results.

This communication reports the notions of interval t-norm fuzzy subhemirings, interval t-norm fuzzy ideals, quasi ideals, bi ideals, interior ideals and generalized bi ideals of hemirings with interval valued characteristic function. Some examples of such ideals are also discussed.

We find a lower bound on the number of real/inert imagi-nary/ramified imaginary quadratic extensions of the function field $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$ whose ideal class groups have an element of a fixed order, where $q$ is a power of 2.

In this paper we prove an even characteristic analogue of the result of Andrade on lower bounds for moment of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions in odd characteristic. We establish lower bounds for the moments of Dirichlet L-functions of characters defined by Hasse symbols in even characteristic.

The patentability of computer program has been discussed because of its deviation from the traditional definition of a patent. The relativities of computer programs to hardware are classified to measure the relative patentability of computer programs in this paper. It can be seen through the patentability analysis that the change in patentability basically follows an exponent part of the function is a damping factor that determines a patentability degree or trend. The basic patentability of computer programs is revealed when the damping factor value is 1, and a statistical patent specification, an appropriate expression of applicability and substantiality of computer programs is needed to acquire a patent right.

메시지 처리기란 클라이언트들로부터 수신된 다양한 포맷의 메시지를 수신 메시지 별 쓰레드를 생성하여 처리하고 그 결과를 목적지로 전달하는 서버 소프트웨어를 말한다. 본 논문에서는 SEDA(The Stage Event Driven Architecture) 구조의 메시지 처리기에서 각 수행함수가 CPU 또는 IO bound 특성을 가질 수 있다는 점에 착안하여, 수행 함수 별 특성을 고려해 쓰레드를 각 코어에 매핑하는 FC-TM(Function Characteristic aware Thread Mapping) 기법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 메시지 처리에 필요한 각 수행함수의 특성이 정적인 것으로 가정하였다. 따라서 수행 가능한 함수를 미리 프로파일링(profiling)하여 특성을 분석한 후, 실제 수신되는 메시지에 따라 단위시간 당 처리량(throughput)이 최대가 되도록 쓰레드를 매핑하였다. 성능 평가 결과 IO bound한 함수가 특정 비율 이상 있을 경우, 기존 연구보다 단위시간당 처리량이 최대 72%까지 증가하였다.

A message processor is server software that receives various message formats from clients, creates the corresponding threads to process them, and lastly delivers the results to the destination. Considering that each function of an SEDA-based message processor has its own characteristics such as CPU-bound or IO-bound, this paper proposes a thread-mapping strategy called "FC-TM" (function-characteristic aware thread mapping) that schedules the threads to the cores based on the function characteristics in multi-core environments. This paper assumes that message-processor functions are static in the sense that they are pre-defined when the message processor is built; therefore, we profile each function in advance and map each thread to a core using the information in order to maximize the throughput. The benchmarking results show that the throughput increased by up to a maximum of 72 % compared with the previous studies when the ratio of the IO-bound functions to the CPU-bound functions exceeds a certain percentage.

This paper presents an improved feature extraction method to achieve a good performance in the detection of splicing forged images. Strong edges caused by the image splicing destroy the statistical dependencies between parent and child subbands in the wavelet domain. We analyze the co-occurrence probability matrix of parent and child subbands in the wavelet domain, and calculate the statistical moments from two-dimensional characteristic function of the co-occurrence matrix. The extracted features are used as the input of SVM classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains a good performance with a small number of features compared to the existing methods.

의종(毅宗) 24년(1170) 정중부 등에 의해 일어난 무신정변(武臣政變)이 우리 역사에서 차지하는 비중은 참으로 크다. 따라서 이 정변이 고려의 정치, 사회, 경제, 문화 등 각 분야에 커다란 변화를 가져온 것도 사실이며, 경찰조직도 예외는 아니었다. 고려전기에는 경찰활동이 官制(행정기관의 설치ㆍ조직 및 직무범위 등에 관한 제도)와 兵制(군사상의 모든 제도) 상의 경찰관련업무와 관련된 기구들에 의해서 경찰권과 司法權 그리고 범죄예방과 통제가 이루어졌다. 그러나 무신정변에 의해 무인전단(武人專斷)의 정치가 시작되면서 고려전기의 공식적인 官制나 兵制 등의 통치기구는 형식상 존재하였을 뿐, 실질적인 정치운영과 경찰권 행사는 公的인 기구인 중방(重房), 야별초(異說있음) 그리고 私的인 지배기구로서 도방(都房), 교정별감, 정방(政房), 마별초 등에 의해서 운영되었다. 중방은 무신정권이 성립되면서 군사(軍事)를 비롯하여 경찰, 형옥(刑獄), 인사 등에 있어서 王權을 능가하는 초월적인 권력을 행사하였다. 그 후 최충헌이 권력을 잡은 후에는 교정도감이 중방의 역할을 하였으며, 중방은 형식적인 제도로 고려말까지 존속하였으나 경찰관련기관으로서의 존재가치마저 상실하게 되었다. 무신정권기의 지배기구 가운데 가장 강력한 무기 중의 하나로 삼별초의 기원이 되는 야별초를 들 수 있다. 야별초는 원래 최우가 도둑을 막기 위하여 편성한 「私兵化된 公兵」으로서(異說있음), 후에 경찰 및 刑政에 있어서 포도금란(捕盜禁亂), 형옥, 죄수를 심문하는 일, 경호(친위대) 그리고 대몽항쟁에 있어서 가장 핵심적인 전투부대이기도 하였다. 그러나 경찰사적 측면에서 볼 때 무엇보다도 중요한 것을 야별초가 갖는 역사적 의미이다. 첫째, 고려전기까지 경찰활동은 官制와 兵制를 축으로 하여 수도 개성에 한정하여 범죄예방과 통제가 주로 운영되었다. 그러나 무신정권기인 최우 때에 야별초가 설치되면서 순찰과 도적예방 및 폭행단속 등의 경찰고유업무가 최초로 중앙에서 지방까지 확산되었다는 것이 가장 큰 특징으로 들 수 있다는 점이다. 이런 맥락에서 볼 때 야별초는 전국적으로 경찰고유의 독자적인 조직으로 분화될 수 있는 단초를 제공하였다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 경찰역사의 연속성 측면을 들 수 있다. 고려말 원종(元宗)11년에 야별초가 폐지되고 난 후 충렬왕 때에 元의 제도의 영향을 받아 수도 개경을 중심으로 순찰, 포도(捕盜), 刑獄 등 관계의 일을 맡아하던 순마소(후에 순군만호부로 개칭)가 설치되고, 그 후 전국에 33개 순포(巡捕:오늘날의 자빙경찰청 단위)가 설치되어 전국 치안을 장악하려던 의도는 양적이나 질적인 면을 제외하고는 동일선상에서 논의되어지는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 따라서 이러한 점 등에서 경찰역사의 연속성을 확인할 수 있고, 이런 측면에서 무신정권기의 경찰조직과 기능을 연구하는 필요성 또한 있다고 보아야 할 것이다. 이 이외에도 몇 개의 역사적 의미는 본문에서 기술하였음을 밝혀둔다.

The military coup led by Jung, Joongbu in 1170 has been very significant to Korean history. In accordance with this big historical event, it is true that the military coup has transformed various fields such as politics, society, economy and culture in the Korean dynasty period. The police organization experienced the same transformation without exception. The police activities such as law enforcement and crime prevention and control were conducted by Kwonjae(an organization that is for about the installation, organization and the call of duty of administrative agencies) and Byungjae(the organizations in charge of military) that carried out police duties in the early Korean dynasty period. However, the official government organizations in the early Korean dynasty period such as Kwonbu and Byung had lost their power since the military regime governed the nation. At that time, all official government organizations without Choongbang and Yabeolcho nominally existed. As a matter of fact, Choongbang and Yabeolcho practically exerted political operation and police authorities. Dobang, Gyojungbeolgam, Jungbang and Mabeolcho played the same role in the private sectors. Yabeolcho is the origin of Sambeolcho which was one of the most powerful ruling authorities during the military regime period. Yabeolcho was originally formed by military the general Choi, Woo to prevent theft cases. There are several theories about Yabeolcho, most of which claim that it was merely privatized government military. It conducted criminal arrest, violence prevention, jail control, criminal interview, and VIP protection. It was also the essential combat troop against Mongolian military. Above all missions, Yabeolcho has a special meaning in terms of police history. For one thing, the police activities were limited to the capital city of the Korean dynasty by Gwanjae and Byungjae until the early Korea dynasty time. Its main duties were crime prevention and control. But the most distinctive characteristic is that the police activities for crime prevention and control were expanded to the local area, after Yabeolcho had been established by the military regime. In this context, it seems that Yabeolcho provided the motive making the police independent. Secondly, there is an example verifying the continuity of police history. Soonmaso influenced by the administration system of the Chinese government Won was established in King Choongyeol tenure and conducted area patrol, criminal arrest and jail control in the Gaegyung capital district, after Yabeolcho had been abolished by King Wonjong in the late Korea dynasty period. It is reasonable to discuss the fact that thirty three soonpos which are equivalent with current police regional agencies were established to control national public safety. In accordance with these points, it is possible to confirm the continuity of police history. It is necessary to research the police organization and function in military the regime period of Korean dynasty. In addition, the other points of historical significance are described in the context.

중국 네이멍구 아오한치에 위치한 청쯔산 산성은 샤쟈띠엔샤층문화의 대표 유적 중 하나로 2000년 중국 중요 고고학 발견으로 지정되면서 세간의 관심을 끌었다. 특히 대규모의 면적, 내성과 돼지머리 모양으로 다듬은 석상의 존재, 청쯔산 남쪽에 위치한 야지산과의 지리적 연관성 등 다른 유적들과 구별되는 독특한 특징들로 인해 샤쟈띠엔샤층문화를 대표하는 주요 유적으로 손꼽히고 있다. 그러나 아직 발굴조사가 시행되지 않아서 유적의 정확한 기능과 성격이 밝혀지지 않았으며, 주거지·방호용 요새·제사 혹은 천문관측 시설 등 다양한 견해가 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 시랴오허 유역에 광범위하게 분포하는 샤쟈띠엔문화 유적들의 지리적 분포를 분석하여, 청쯔산 산성이 문화권의 중심지에서 벗어난 곳에 위치하여 특별한 용도에 따라 조성된 유적임을 확인하였다. 그 다음 청쯔산 산성을 포괄하는 경관으로 범위를 좁혀 유적 내 유구들이 주변 자연환경 및 지형지물과 어떠한 관련성을 가지는지에 대해 분석을 진행하였다. 보다 상세하고 자세한 연구를 위해 기왕의 지표조사와 고고천문 연구 성과를 기초 위에 지리정보시스템(GIS) 분석을 시행하였고, 그 결과 청쯔산 산성이 많은 사람이 상시 주둔해야 하는 군대나 거주지 유적으로는 적합하지 않다는 결론을 내렸다. 또 유구들의 성격과 배치구조 분석을 통해 유적이 진남북 방향을 활용하여 조성되었음을 확인하였고, 이는 체계적인 천문관측을 통해 천문방향에 따라 제단을 배치했을 가능성이 있음을 의미한다. 이를 통해 청쯔산 산성의 성격이 학계에 제기된 주거지·방호용 요새·제사·천문관측 시설 중 어떠한 견해에 근접하는지 추론을 할 수 있었고, 그 결과 청쯔산 산성은 천문관측을 통해 주변 지형을 적극적으로 활용하여 계획적으로 만들어졌으며, 광역 단위의 제사 및 제천의식을 거행하는 장소였음을 추측해볼 수 있다.

Chengzishan mountain city, which is located in Aohanqi, Inner Mongolia, China, one of representative remains of Lower Xiajiadian culture was designated as Import discovery of Chinese archeology in 2000. And it attracted public attention. Especially, characteristics distinct from many other remains, which include large scale, inner castle, stone statue built like “pig head shape”, geographical correlation with Yaji Mountain located to the south of Chengzishan make it become representative remains of Lower Xiajiadian culture. However excavation investigation has not carried out yet, exact functions and characteristics of the remains are still uncertain. Now many opinions has brought up arguing that it may has been residential area, protection fortress, facilities of commemorative rites or astronomical observation etc. First, we analyzed geographical features of Xiajiadian culture site which is distributed widely in the ‘West Liao river’ area and confirmed that Chengzishan mountain city was far from center of the culture area, was constructed for special use. Next we narrowed down the scape to landscape including Chengzishan mountain city, analyzed what correlations structures of remains have with near natural environment and terrain features. Also, we used GIS based on existing investigation of the surface of the earth and performances of archaeoastronomy for more detailed research. As a result, we concluded that Chengzishan mountain city was not suitable for the military or residence remains. In addition, we confirmed that the remains was constructed in 'true north' direction by analyzing the features of structures of remains. And it means that there is possibility that Chengzishan mountain city arranged the altar based on systematic astronomical observation. Through the study, we can assume that Chengzishan mountain city was constructed under the plan using geographical features fully through astronomical observation, and was places of wide-area-commemorative rites and ceremony.

Sinsonyun(New Juvenile) is a leading juvenile magazine during Japanese colonial rule. This magazine has a special column to create with the editor and readers. It is the Dokjadamhwasil(readers conversation room). The purpose of this thesis is to explain what the editor and readers exchanged opinions in the Dokjadamhwasil, and this column had a influence on the editor and readers. Dokjadamhwasil in Sinsonyun acted as an intermediation in the communication. Readers sent a letter to the editor in order to get close to him, and he encouraged and consoled readers. And readers asked the editor to know publication of a magazine, readers contributions, informations and knowledges. Accordingly the editor explained the circumstance and the policy of edition of Sinsonyun to readers. Readers also wanted to communicate with other readers in other regions, the editor helped them positively. Secondly, Dokjadamhwasil in Sinsonyun acted a space for public opinion. Readers sent comments and requests for the magazine, proposals for common problems, readers literary criticism of other readers to editor. The editor picked something important and inserted an important article in Dokjadamhwasil, and reflected on editing the needs of readers. And readers were criticized for plagiarism and double contribution. They solved the problem inside readers community voluntarily through this, too. Here was a consideration of the editor.