Earticle

The global shortage of qualified seafarers necessitates urgent reforms in the training and legal protection of cadet seafarers. This study critically examines legal ambiguities within the STCW Convention regarding cadets’ status, safety, and working conditions, identifying significant gaps that undermine their rights. Through a comparative analysis of maritime regulatory frameworks in key seafaring nations (e.g., the US, UK, India, and South Korea), this study highlights the absence of standardized protections for cadets and proposes targeted amendments to the STCW Convention. Key recommendations include: (1) establishing a formal definition of “Cadet Seafarer” to ensure uniform legal recognition, (2) implementing blockchain-secured digital Training Record Books (TRBs) to enhance transparency and prevent documentation fraud, (3) strengthening the responsibilities of shipping companies and training institutions through mandatory insurance and improved onboard conditions, and (4) revising IMO Model Course 1.21 to incorporate comprehensive cadet-specific safety training. These proposals align with the IMO’s 2024-2029 Strategic Direction and global efforts to promote sustainable maritime labor practices. By modernizing the STCW framework and enhancing cadet protection and training quality, this study ultimately aims to contribute to the development of a resilient and well-trained maritime workforce.