년 - 년
야생팽나무버섯 수종별 원목재배 및 봉지재 배에 따른 자실체 특성
한국버섯학회 한국버섯학회지 제7권 제4호 2009.12 p.205
...cc, 유효경수 115개, 대 길이 74.5mm로 다른 버섯보다 생육이 양호하였다. 미송톱밥+면실박+비트펄프(6:2:2) 처리에서 CBMFV-03 버섯은 수량이 115g/850cc, 유효경수 137개 로 다른에 비해 버섯보다 좋은 경향이었다.
팽나무버섯(Flammulina velutipes )은 자연계에서는 썩은 활엽수에서 많이 발견되는 갈색목재 부후균이다. 야생종은 재배종과 차이가 있으며, 현재 재배되는 백색품종은 일본에 서 개발된 것이고 웰빙에 대한 소비형태의 변화로 야생의 형 질을 가진 갈색팽이가 새로이 각광 받고 있다. 본 시험은 한 국에서 자생하는 팽나무버섯 3균주를 수집하여 수종별로 원 목재배와 봉지재배를 실시하여 팽나무버섯 자실체의 특성 과 형태를 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 원목재배 시 CBMFV-01 균주는 벗나무 원목에서만 발생되었고, 버 섯 1개체당 수량은 13.2g, 유효경수는 4.5개, 갓은 30.5× 33.6mm였다. CBMFV-02 균주는 아카시아 원목에서만 발 생되었고, 개체당 수량은 18.9g, 유효경수는 27개, 개체중이 0.5g으로 가벼운 경향이었다. CBMFV-03 균주는 벗나무 원 목에서만 발생되었고, 수량이 8.8g으로 적었고, 유효경수는 11개, 개체중은 CBMFV-01 균주와 비슷한 경향을 보였으 며, 대 길이는 52.4mm였다. 팽나무버섯 균주는 야생의 팽나 무버섯과 비슷한 특성을 보였는데, 아카시아 원목재배시 버 섯 발생이 가장 빨랐으며, 원목에서 발생된 자실체는 대부분 크기가 균일하지 않았다. 봉지재배시 미송톱밥+쌀겨(8:2) 처리에서는 균주간의 차이가 없었으나, CBMFV-03 버섯은 유효경수가 139개로 다른 버섯보다 많았다. 포플러톱밥+쌀 겨(8:2)처리 재배시 CBMFV-01 버섯 수량이 122g/850cc, 유효경수 115개, 대 길이 74.5mm로 다른 버섯보다 생육이 양호하였다. 미송톱밥+면실박+비트펄프(6:2:2) 처리에서 CBMFV-03 버섯은 수량이 115g/850cc, 유효경수 137개 로 다른에 비해 버섯보다 좋은 경향이었다.
한국포장학회 한국포장학회지 Vol. 31 No. 3 2025.12 pp.195-201
...115.84 MPa), highlighting reinforcement effects. Oxygen transmission rate decreased markedly from 6.32 cc/m²·day for pure PVA to 0.11 cc/m²·day at 3.0 wt.% CQDs. UV shielding was enhanced by the incorporation of CQDs, achieving complete UV-B blocking at 2.0 and 3.0 wt.% loadings and over 75% UV-A blocking at 3.0 wt.%, while maintaining visible transparency. Antibacterial disk diffusion assays exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition zones, maximizing at 3.0 wt.% CQDs, likely due to reactive oxygen species generation and electrostatic interactions.
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This study explores the multifunctional enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films through the incorporation of tea leaf–derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) at loadings of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt.%, focusing on structural, optical, mechanical, antimicrobial, and barrier properties. FTIR spectroscopy revealed strengthened hydrogen bonding and compatibility between PVA and CQDs, with broadened O-H stretching peaks indicating interactions with CQDs surface groups. XRD analysis showed preserved semi-crystalline PVA structure with increased crystallinity at higher CQDs loadings, suggesting uniform dispersion without phase separation. Photoluminescence spectra demonstrated strong blue emission from CQDs at 450 nm upon 360 nm excitation, attributed to quantum confinement and functional groups. Tensile testing indicated significant improvements in stress at break (from 25.01 MPa for pure PVA to 83.28 MPa at 3.0 wt.% CQDs) and Young's modulus (from 26.09 MPa to 115.84 MPa), highlighting reinforcement effects. Oxygen transmission rate decreased markedly from 6.32 cc/m²·day for pure PVA to 0.11 cc/m²·day at 3.0 wt.% CQDs. UV shielding was enhanced by the incorporation of CQDs, achieving complete UV-B blocking at 2.0 and 3.0 wt.% loadings and over 75% UV-A blocking at 3.0 wt.%, while maintaining visible transparency. Antibacterial disk diffusion assays exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition zones, maximizing at 3.0 wt.% CQDs, likely due to reactive oxygen species generation and electrostatic interactions.
뇌 정위적 방사선수술 시 Non-Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy의 유용성 평가
[Kisti 연계] 대한방사선치료학회 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.30 No.1 2018 pp.9-16
...cc에서 최대 12.26 cc의 용적을 가지고 있었으며, 처방 선량은 15~24 Gy가 처방되었다. 치료 장비는 trueBEAM Stx(Varian Medical Systems, USA)을 사용하였으며, 치료 계획에 사용된 에너지는 6 MV Flattening Filter Free(6FFF) X-선을 이용하였다. C-VMAT 치료계획은 half 2 Arc 또는 full 2 Arc를 사용하여 치료계획을 진행했으며, NC-VMAT 치료계획은 $40{\sim}190^{\circ}$의 Arc를 3~7개 사용하고, couch의 각도 또한 3~7개의 각도로 구성하여 치료계획을 진행하였다. 결 과 : 최대선량의 평균 값은 C-VMAT에서 $105.1{\pm}1.37%$로 나타났으며, NC-VMAT에서는 $105.8{\pm}1.71%$로 나타났다. C-VMAT의 처방 선량 지수(Conformity index)는 $1.08{\pm}0.08$로 나타났고, 선량 균질 지수(Homogeneity Index)는 $1.03{\pm}0.01$로 나타났다. NC-VMAT의 처방 선량 균질지수는 $1.17{\pm}0.1$, 선량 균질지수는 $1.04{\pm}0.01$로 나타났다. 뇌의 $V_2$, $V_8$, $V_{12}$, $V_{18}$, $V_{24}$는 C-VMAT에서 $176{\pm}149.36cc$, $31.50{\pm}25.03cc$, $16.53{\pm}12.63cc$, $8.60{\pm}6.87cc$, $4.03{\pm}3.43cc$로 나타났으며, NC-VMAT에서는 $135.55{\pm}115.93cc$, $24.34{\pm}17.68cc$, $14.74{\pm}10.97cc$, $8.55{\pm}6.79cc$, $4.23{\pm}3.48cc$로 나타냈다. 결 론 : 최대선량과 처방 선량 지수, 선량 균질 지수 항목에서는 C-VMAT과 NC-VMAT이 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 뇌의 선량 당 용적은 $V_2{\sim}V_{18}$까지 구간에서 값의 차이는 최소 0.5 %에서 최대 48 %의 차이가 나타냈다. $V_{19}{\sim}V_{24}$까지 구간에서 값의 차이는 최소 0.4 %에서 최대 4.8 %의 차이가 나타냈다. 방사선괴사(Radionecrosis)가 발생하기 시작하는 $V_{12}$ 용적의 평균 값을 비교해본 결과 NC-VMAT 이 C-VMAT 대비 약 12.2 % 적은 용적을 포함하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 NC-VMAT 치료 계획을 수립한다면, $V_2{\sim}V_{18}$의 용적을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 방사선괴사를 줄일 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.
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목 적 : 뇌 정위적 방사선수술은 외과적 수술로 인한 합병증 발생 비율이 높은 질환을 비침습적으로 치료할 수 있다. 하지만 뇌 정위적 방사선수술은 방사선을 이용하기 때문에 분할방사선치료와 같이 방사선에 의한 부작용을 동반할 수 있다. 두경부 등의 분할방사선치료 시 방사선에 의한 부작용을 줄이기 위해 Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(C-VMAT)와 Non-Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(NC-VMAT)가 주변 정상조직에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석이 이루어졌지만, 뇌 정위적 방사선수술에서는 이러한 내용들이 분석되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 뇌 정위적 방사선수술을 실시한 환자를 대상으로 C-VMAT과 NC-VMAT을 비교, 분석하여 NC-VMAT의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 뇌 정위적 방사선수술 13건을 대상으로 하였으며, C-VMAT, NC-VMAT 치료 계획을 진행하였다. 치료 계획 용적은 최소 0.78 cc에서 최대 12.26 cc의 용적을 가지고 있었으며, 처방 선량은 15~24 Gy가 처방되었다. 치료 장비는 trueBEAM Stx(Varian Medical Systems, USA)을 사용하였으며, 치료 계획에 사용된 에너지는 6 MV Flattening Filter Free(6FFF) X-선을 이용하였다. C-VMAT 치료계획은 half 2 Arc 또는 full 2 Arc를 사용하여 치료계획을 진행했으며, NC-VMAT 치료계획은 $40{\sim}190^{\circ}$의 Arc를 3~7개 사용하고, couch의 각도 또한 3~7개의 각도로 구성하여 치료계획을 진행하였다. 결 과 : 최대선량의 평균 값은 C-VMAT에서 $105.1{\pm}1.37%$로 나타났으며, NC-VMAT에서는 $105.8{\pm}1.71%$로 나타났다. C-VMAT의 처방 선량 지수(Conformity index)는 $1.08{\pm}0.08$로 나타났고, 선량 균질 지수(Homogeneity Index)는 $1.03{\pm}0.01$로 나타났다. NC-VMAT의 처방 선량 균질지수는 $1.17{\pm}0.1$, 선량 균질지수는 $1.04{\pm}0.01$로 나타났다. 뇌의 $V_2$, $V_8$, $V_{12}$, $V_{18}$, $V_{24}$는 C-VMAT에서 $176{\pm}149.36cc$, $31.50{\pm}25.03cc$, $16.53{\pm}12.63cc$, $8.60{\pm}6.87cc$, $4.03{\pm}3.43cc$로 나타났으며, NC-VMAT에서는 $135.55{\pm}115.93cc$, $24.34{\pm}17.68cc$, $14.74{\pm}10.97cc$, $8.55{\pm}6.79cc$, $4.23{\pm}3.48cc$로 나타냈다. 결 론 : 최대선량과 처방 선량 지수, 선량 균질 지수 항목에서는 C-VMAT과 NC-VMAT이 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 뇌의 선량 당 용적은 $V_2{\sim}V_{18}$까지 구간에서 값의 차이는 최소 0.5 %에서 최대 48 %의 차이가 나타냈다. $V_{19}{\sim}V_{24}$까지 구간에서 값의 차이는 최소 0.4 %에서 최대 4.8 %의 차이가 나타냈다. 방사선괴사(Radionecrosis)가 발생하기 시작하는 $V_{12}$ 용적의 평균 값을 비교해본 결과 NC-VMAT 이 C-VMAT 대비 약 12.2 % 적은 용적을 포함하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 NC-VMAT 치료 계획을 수립한다면, $V_2{\sim}V_{18}$의 용적을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 방사선괴사를 줄일 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.
Purpose : Brain Stereotactic Radiosurgery can treat non-invasive diseases with high rates of complications due to surgical operations. However, brain stereotactic radiosurgery may be accompanied by radiation induced side effects such as fractionation radiation therapy because it uses radiation. The effects of Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(C-VMAT) and Non-Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(NC-VMAT) on surrounding normal tissues were analyzed in order to reduce the side effects caused fractionation radiation therapy such as head and neck. But, brain stereotactic radiosurgery these contents were not analyzed. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of NC-VMAT by comparing and analyzing C-VMAT and NC-VMAT in patients who underwent brain stereotactic radiosurgery. Methods and materials : With C-VMAT and NC-VMAT, 13 treatment plans for brain stereotactic radiosurgery were established. The Planning Target Volume ranged from a minimum of 0.78 cc to a maximum of 12.26 cc, Prescription doses were prescribed between 15 and 24 Gy. Treatment machine was TrueBeam STx (Varian Medical Systems, USA). The energy used in the treatment plan was 6 MV Flattening Filter Free (6FFF) X-ray. The C-VMAT treatment plan used a half 2 arc or full 2 arc treatment plan, and the NC-VMAT treatment plan used 3 to 7 Arc 40 to 190 degrees. The angle of the couch was planned to be 3-7 angles. Results : The mean value of the maximum dose was $105.1{\pm}1.37%$ in C-VMAT and $105.8{\pm}1.71%$ in NC-VMAT. Conformity index of C-VMAT was $1.08{\pm}0.08$ and homogeneity index was $1.03{\pm}0.01$. Conformity index of NC-VMAT was $1.17{\pm}0.1$ and homogeneity index was $1.04{\pm}0.01$. $V_2$, $V_8$, $V_{12}$, $V_{18}$, $V_{24}$ of the brain were $176{\pm}149.36cc$, $31.50{\pm}25.03cc$, $16.53{\pm}12.63cc$, $8.60{\pm}6.87cc$ and $4.03{\pm}3.43cc$ in the C-VMAT and $135.55{\pm}115.93cc$, $24.34{\pm}17.68cc$, $14.74{\pm}10.97cc$, $8.55{\pm}6.79cc$, $4.23{\pm}3.48cc$. Conclusions : The maximum dose, conformity index, and homogeneity index showed no significant difference between C-VMAT and NC-VMAT. $V_2$ to $V_{18}$ of the brain showed a difference of at least 0.5 % to 48 %. $V_{19}$ to $V_{24}$ of the brain showed a difference of at least 0.4 % to 4.8 %. When we compare the mean value of $V_{12}$ that Radione-crosis begins to generate, NC-VMAT has about 12.2 % less amount than C-VMAT. These results suggest that if NC-VMAT is used, the volume of $V_2$ to $V_{18}$ can be reduced, which can reduce Radionecrosis.
[Kisti 연계] 한국호스피스완화의료학회 한국 호스피스ㆍ완화의료학회지 Vol.12 No.4 2009 pp.194-198
...cc/일의 배액이 확인되었고, 약 투여 후에는 평균 115$\pm$196 cc/일로 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결론: 일반적인 약물치료에 반응이 없는 악성장폐색환자에서 octretide의 추가 투여는 효과적이며 안전하였다. 악성장폐색 환자의 증상조절을 위해서 octreotide의 추가 투여를 적극적으로 고려해야 하겠다.
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목적: 진행성 암 환자에서 악성장폐색은 구역, 구토, 통증을 비롯한 소화기계 증상을 유발하여 삶의 질을 저하시킨다. 악성장폐색의 증상 조절을 위해 octreotide를 투여한 후의 효능에 대한 보고들이 발표되었고, 저자들은 악성장폐색이 있는 환자에게 보존적 치료에 octreotide를 추가하여 투여시의 효과와 안전성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 의무기록을 통하여 일반적인 치료로 호전이 없어 octreotide를 추가한 악성장폐색의 환자 29명에서 octretide를 0.1 mg을 시작으로 증상 조절될 때까지 증량하여, 약 투여 전후의 통증의 변화, 구토 횟수의 변화, 비위관 삽입환자의 경우 배액량의 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: Octreotide 투여량의 중간 값은 0.2 mg이고 0.1~0.6 mg의 범위이며, 약제 투여시점으로부터 사망까지 2일에서 103일의 범위로 중간 값은 20일이었다. 약제 투여 전의 VAS는 평균 5.6$\pm$1.2이고, 약 투여 후 VAS의 평균은 2.7$\pm$1.0이었으며 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 약제 투여 전의 구토 횟수는 평균 3.6회/일$\pm$2.5이었고 약 투여 후에는 0.4회/일$\pm$0.8로 감소되었고, 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 약제 투여전에 비위관 삽입 환자는 평균 975$\pm$1,083 cc/일의 배액이 확인되었고, 약 투여 후에는 평균 115$\pm$196 cc/일로 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결론: 일반적인 약물치료에 반응이 없는 악성장폐색환자에서 octretide의 추가 투여는 효과적이며 안전하였다. 악성장폐색 환자의 증상조절을 위해서 octreotide의 추가 투여를 적극적으로 고려해야 하겠다.
Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Malignant bowel obstruction causes gastrointestinal symptoms and leads to diminished quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Several studies have shown the efficacy of octreotide for the relief of malignant bowel obstruction-related symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of octreotide in patients with malignant bowel obstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of twenty nine patients who had suffered from malignant bowel obstruction without clinical improvement of conservative care and subsequently, received octreotide treatment. Initial dosage of octreotide was 0.1 mg/day, and dose was escalated depending on the clinical effect. For each patient, we assessed visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, number of vomiting episode, and amount of nasogastric tube drainage. Results: Median dosage of octreotide was 0.2 mg/day (range 0.1~0.6), and median duration from initial medication to death was 20 days (range 2~103). VAS before and after octreotide treatment were 5.6$\pm$1.24, and 2.7$\pm$0.96, respectively. The numbers of vomiting episode before and after octreotide treatment were 3.6/day$\pm$2.5, and 0.4/day$\pm$0.8, respectively. The mean amounts of nasogastric tube drainage before and after octreotide treatment were 975$\pm$1,083 cc/day and 115$\pm$196 cc/day, respectively. Statistically significant reduction in VAS, the number of vomiting episode and the amount of nasogastric tube drainage were observed after octreotide treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Administration of octreotide in patients with malignant bowel obstruction, which is uncontrolled by other medication, was effective and safe. In such clinical situations, physicians should consider to add of octreotide for symptomatic control.
PET/CT 검사에서 Stomach의 추가 촬영을 줄이기 위한 수분 섭취의 유용성
[Kisti 연계] 대한핵의학기술학회 핵의학기술 Vol.15 No.1 2011 pp.81-85
...115명이었고, 2010년 9월 1일부터 2010년 9월 10일까지는 촬영 직전 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취한 후 검사를 진행한 환자로 113명이었다. 이 검사를 시행한 결과 전체 암 환자 228명을 대상으로 촬영 수분 섭취 제한 환자는 총 115명이고, 이중 추가 촬영이 없는 환자가 89명이었고, stomach 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자가 13이었으며, 기타 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자는 13명이었다. 그리고 촬영 직전 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취한 후 검사를 진행한 환자 113명 중 추가 촬영이 없는 환자가 109이었고, stomach 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자가 1명이었으며, 기타 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자는 3명에 해당하였다. 이와 같은 결과로도 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취하고 검사를 진행한 환자에게서 추가 촬영이 줄었음을 알 수 있었으나, 정확한 유의성을 알기 위하여 pearson의 chi-square test를 시행한 결과 유의확률이 0.05보다 작은 0.001이었으므로 두 집단은 유의한 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있고 최소 기대빈도가 6.94로서 5보다 작은 기대빈도가 없었으므로 pearson의 정확한 검정을 할 필요는 없었고, 위의 연구로 인하여 물을 검사 직전 약 500 cc 정도 섭취하고 촬영을 진행하면 stomach 추가 촬영을 현저히 줄일 수 있으며 기타 추가 촬영 또한 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있었고 검사 지연 시간 또한 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
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암 환자의 영상에서 stomach의 병변과 분비물을 구분하기란 쉽지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 검사 전 충분한 수분 섭취로 stomach의 병변과 분비물의 분별력을 높임으로서 추가 촬영을 줄이기 위하여 시행하였고 본 연구는 총 228명의 암 환자로 2010년 8월 18일부터 2010년 9월10일까지 진행하였으며, 2010년 8월 18일부터 2010년 8월 31일까지는 수분섭취 제한환자가 115명이었고, 2010년 9월 1일부터 2010년 9월 10일까지는 촬영 직전 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취한 후 검사를 진행한 환자로 113명이었다. 이 검사를 시행한 결과 전체 암 환자 228명을 대상으로 촬영 수분 섭취 제한 환자는 총 115명이고, 이중 추가 촬영이 없는 환자가 89명이었고, stomach 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자가 13이었으며, 기타 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자는 13명이었다. 그리고 촬영 직전 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취한 후 검사를 진행한 환자 113명 중 추가 촬영이 없는 환자가 109이었고, stomach 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자가 1명이었으며, 기타 추가 촬영을 진행한 환자는 3명에 해당하였다. 이와 같은 결과로도 수분을 500 cc 정도 섭취하고 검사를 진행한 환자에게서 추가 촬영이 줄었음을 알 수 있었으나, 정확한 유의성을 알기 위하여 pearson의 chi-square test를 시행한 결과 유의확률이 0.05보다 작은 0.001이었으므로 두 집단은 유의한 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있고 최소 기대빈도가 6.94로서 5보다 작은 기대빈도가 없었으므로 pearson의 정확한 검정을 할 필요는 없었고, 위의 연구로 인하여 물을 검사 직전 약 500 cc 정도 섭취하고 촬영을 진행하면 stomach 추가 촬영을 현저히 줄일 수 있으며 기타 추가 촬영 또한 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있었고 검사 지연 시간 또한 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Purpose: With the introduction of PET since 1994, test methods have made rapid progress. Accordingly, the studies on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer as well as treatment response evaluation PET test are useful. However, it is difficult to divide stomach lesions and secretion. The purpose of this study is to reduce additional shooting by dividing lesions and secretion of stomach. Materials and Method: This study aiming at total 228 cancer patients was conducted from Aug 18 to Sep. 10, 2010. Among them, 115 patients had a test without water intake before shooting from Aug. 8 to 31 and 113 had a test after drinking 500 cc water right before shooting from Sep. 1 to 10 The Discovery ST PET/CT (GE Healthcare, USA) was used, and pearson's chi-square test was conducted to analyze significance through SPSS (Ver.18). Results: Among the total 228 cancer patients, there were 115 who had a test without water intake before shooting, 89 who had no double additional shooting, 13 who had stomach additional shooting and 13 who had other additional shooting. In addition, 109 had no additional shooting among 113 who had a test after taking 500 cc water, 1 had stomach additional shooting and 3 had other additional shooting. According to the findings above, the patients who had a test without water intake show reduced additional shooting, but for more exact significance, pearson's Chi-square test was carried out and the significance percentage was 0.001 that is smaller than 0.05, which means two groups have a significant relationship. As the minimum expectation frequency was 6.94 and there was no expectation frequency smaller than 5, so that it doesn't need to carry out pearson's exact verification. Conclusion: The above analysis has found that if one drinks 500cc water before the test, not only stomach additional shooting but also other additional shooting can be dramatically reduced, and test delay can be also reduced.
$[({\eta}^5-Cp)Co]_2$ (1,2-S,S-o-Carborane) $(C_{12}H_{20}B_{10}S_2Co_2)$의 합성 및 결정구조
[Kisti 연계] 한국결정성장학회 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.18 No.2 2008 pp.62-67
...Cc, a=15.981(4) ${\AA}$, b=15.478(17) ${\AA}$, c=12.0562(17) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=115.063(16)^{\circ}$, Z=4, V=9683(4) ${\AA}^3$이다. 결정 구조는 직접법으로 해석하였으며, 완전행렬최소자승법을 정밀화 하였으며 9948개의 회절 반점에 대하여 최종 신뢰도 인자 R=0.0630인 분자모형을 구하였다.
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유기금속 화합물 $C_{12}H_{20}B_{10}S_2Co_2$를 o-carborane으로 출발하여 $Cp^*Co(S_2B_2B_{10}H_{10})$을 합성하고, $BH_3{\cdot}THF$를 가하여 합성하였다. X-선 회절법을 이용하여 $C_{12}H_{20}B_{10}S_2Co_2$ 화합물의 분자구조를 규명하였다. 이 화합물의 결정학적 자료는 monoclinic, space group Cc, a=15.981(4) ${\AA}$, b=15.478(17) ${\AA}$, c=12.0562(17) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=115.063(16)^{\circ}$, Z=4, V=9683(4) ${\AA}^3$이다. 결정 구조는 직접법으로 해석하였으며, 완전행렬최소자승법을 정밀화 하였으며 9948개의 회절 반점에 대하여 최종 신뢰도 인자 R=0.0630인 분자모형을 구하였다.
An Organometallic compound, $C_{12}H_{20}B_{10}S_2Co_2$, was synthesized from o-carborane, $Cp^*Co(S_2B_2B_{10}H_{10})$ and $BH_3{\cdot}THF$. The molecular structure of this complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data: monoclinic, space group Cc, a=15.981(4) ${\AA}$, b=15.478(17) ${\AA}$, c=12.0562(17) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=115.063(16)^{\circ}$, Z=4, V=9683(4) ${\AA}^3$. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix leat-squares methods to give a model with a reliability factor R = 0.0630 for 9948 reflections.
LTCC 기법을 이용한 ITS용 초소형 RF 송신기 모듈의 구현
[Kisti 연계] 한국전자파학회 The journal of Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Vol.16 No.10 2005 pp.1020-1027
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본 논문에서는 지능형 교통망(ITS)에 사용될 수 있도록 5.8 GHz 대역에서 경제적이며 초소형 RF 송신기 모듈을 구현하였다. LTCC 방식으로 설계하여 회로의 소형화와 함께 전기적 성능을 개선하였다. 제작된 모듈은 ASK 데이터 변조 장치, 주파수 합성기, 송신용 전력 증폭 회로 등으로 구성되었으며 모듈 크기는 0.8 CC이다. 측정결과 1.024 Mbps 데이터를 5.8 GHz의 주파수 대역으로 직접 ASK 변조시켜 출력 10 dBm 이상과 인접 채널 간섭비 -40 dBc 등의 RF 송신 성능을 나타낸다. 송신기의 신호원으로서 설계 제작된 주파수 합성기는 26 usec의 채널 이동시간(lock time)을 보여주며 중심 주파수에서 1 MHz 떨어진 지점에서 -115 dBc/Hz의 우수한 위상 잡음 특성을 나타낸다.
In this paper, economic miniature RF transmitter module for intelligent transportation system(ITS) is described. This module which consists of ASK modulator, frequency synthesizer, power amplifier is operating at 5.8 GHz frequency band and implemented by using LTCC process technique. Thus, ultra small size of 0.8 CC and improved electrical performances has been obtained. From the test results, transmitting characteristics of 10 dBm ouput power and -46 dBc interchannel interference with 1.024 Mbps ASK modulated have been shown. Frequency synthesizer as a transmitting signal source reveals very short locking time of 26 usec and outstanding phase noise of -115 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 5.8 GHz center frequency.
GC-NPD를 이용한 Simetryn과 Buprofezin의 동시 분석법 연구
[Kisti 연계] 한국식품위생안전성학회 Journal of food hygiene and safety Vol.20 No.3 2005 pp.159-164
...CC-NPD와 CC-MSD로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Simetryn을 CC-NPD로 분석한 결과 검출한계는 0.019mg/kg였으며 buprofezin을 GC-WPD로 분석한 결과 검출한계는 0.023mg/kg로 측정되었다. 2.곡류 1종, 채소류 7종, 과일류 3종 등 총 11종의 농산물에 표준용액을 첨가하여 회수 실험을 수행한 결과 곡류인 쌀에서 simetryn은 $112.5\%$, buprofezin은 $115.8\%4로 양호한 결과를 나타내었으며 채소류에서의 회수율은 simetryn이 $83.9\sim115.9\%$, buprofezin은 92.6\sim121.5\%$, 과일류에서의 회수율은 simetryn이 $57.0\sim95.9\%$, buprofezin은 $56.5\sim102\%$를 나타내었다 3. 농산물에 사용되고 있는 농약은 종류가 매우 다양하기 때문에 단일농약 성분을 검출하는 방법보다는 여러 농약 성분을 동시에 분석하는 방법이 농산물의 안전성 확보를 위해 더욱 실용적이다 식품공전상 simetryn과 buprofezin은 단성분 분석법에 따르도록 되어 있으나 본 연구를 통하여 동시분석법으로의 적용이 가능한 것을 확인하였으며, 따라서 보다 효율적인 검사가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.
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곡류1종(쌀), 채소류 7종(시금치, 갓, 배추, 파프리카, 고추, 오이, 토마토)와 과일류 3종(감, 사과, 키위)에서의 simetryn 과 buprofezin을 CC-NPD와 CC-MSD로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Simetryn을 CC-NPD로 분석한 결과 검출한계는 0.019mg/kg였으며 buprofezin을 GC-WPD로 분석한 결과 검출한계는 0.023mg/kg로 측정되었다. 2.곡류 1종, 채소류 7종, 과일류 3종 등 총 11종의 농산물에 표준용액을 첨가하여 회수 실험을 수행한 결과 곡류인 쌀에서 simetryn은 $112.5\%$, buprofezin은 $115.8\%4로 양호한 결과를 나타내었으며 채소류에서의 회수율은 simetryn이 $83.9\sim115.9\%$, buprofezin은 92.6\sim121.5\%$, 과일류에서의 회수율은 simetryn이 $57.0\sim95.9\%$, buprofezin은 $56.5\sim102\%$를 나타내었다 3. 농산물에 사용되고 있는 농약은 종류가 매우 다양하기 때문에 단일농약 성분을 검출하는 방법보다는 여러 농약 성분을 동시에 분석하는 방법이 농산물의 안전성 확보를 위해 더욱 실용적이다 식품공전상 simetryn과 buprofezin은 단성분 분석법에 따르도록 되어 있으나 본 연구를 통하여 동시분석법으로의 적용이 가능한 것을 확인하였으며, 따라서 보다 효율적인 검사가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.
This method was described for the simultaneous determination of simetryn and buprofezin in rice, vegetables, and fruits by gas chromatography(GC) with nitrogen phosphorus detector. The GC method of simetryn and buprofezin was shown to give a linear detection ranges between $0.019\sim9.306mg/kg,\;0.023\sim11.27mg/kg$, respectively. For evaluation of GC method, simetryn spiked into rice, vegetables and fruits at the level of 4.653mg/kg was determined. The recoveries of simetryn by GC method were ranged from 57.9 to $115.9\%$. For evaluation of GC method, buprofezin spiked into rice, vegetables and fruits at the level of 2.817mg/kg was determined. The recoveries of buprofezin by GC method were ranged from 56.5 to $121.5\%.$
체외순환시 스테로이드의 심근보호효과에 관한 혈청내 TNF-alpha 측정의 의의
[Kisti 연계] 대한흉부외과학회 대한흉부외과학회지 Vol.31 No.5 1998 pp.502-508
...cc씩 채혈하여 TNF-$\alpha$의 수치를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였고 10명의 스테로이드군은 마취 1시간전에 부신피질 호르몬(Dexamethasone 1mg/Kg)을 정맥주사하고 채혈은 비교군과 같게 했다. 그리고 양군에서 수술전 심전도 및 혈청내 LDH, CPK 효소치와 백혈구 수치를 측정하고 수술후 1일째, 3일째 재측정하였으며, 수술후 3일째내에 환자의 혈압동태 ,폐기능 상태 및 회복상태를 관찰하여 비교하였다. 환자군 간에 LDH 및 백혈구 수치간에 의미있는 차이는 없었으나 CPK 수치가 수술후 첫째날/세째날 비교군이 1122$\pm$456/864 $\pm$42 이고 스테로이드군은 567$\pm$471/325$\pm$87로 큰 차이를 보였고(P=0.002), CPK-MB 효소는 술후 1일째 비교군이 106.4, 스테로이드군이 29.5로 이의있는 차이를 보여주었으나(P=0.02) 수술후 3일째에는 두 군간의 차이가 없었다. 수술후 72시간 관찰기간중 비교군에서 4명의 환자가 3번 이상의 저혈압으로 처치가 필요했고 38$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 발열은 3명의 환자에서 있었다. 환자군 간에 대동맥 차단시간과 체외순환 시간간에 의미있는 차이는 없었고, 인공호흡기 부착시간과 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 비교에 있어 스테로이드군이 적은 수치를 보였으나 통계학적 의미는 없었다. TNF-$\alpha$는 대동맥 차단 5분후부터 체외순환 끝나기 5분전까지 양군에서 현저히 증가하였는데 비교군은 체외순환 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 22.3$\pm$6.8 pg/ml였고, 스테로이드군은 대동맥 차단 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 11.9$\pm$4.7 pg/ml였다. 이상의 연구결과에서 수술전 부신피질 호르몬을 정주함으로 체외순환시 Cytokine의 분비를 억제하여, cytokine으로 인한 심장수술후 발생할수있는 전신적 염증반응을 감소시킬것으로 기대되므로 수술후 환자의 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 및 합병증률을 줄일 수 있으리라 생각된다.
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인공 심폐기를 이용한 체외순환은 우리 몸에 전신적인 염증반응을 일으키므로 수술후에 여러장기의 기능부전을 초래할수 있다. 이러한 염증반응은 체외순환후 체액성, 세포성 및 보체계등의 면역계가 활성화 되어 전체적인 염증반응을 일으키는 것으로 일부연구에서 보고하고 있으며, 이러한 염증반응에는 Tumor Necrosis Factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$)를 비롯한, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 등의 cytokine등 이 전구물질로써 중요한역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 교실에서는 이러한 cytokine의 유리를 억제함으로 체외순환후 염증반응을 줄일수 있다는 가정하에 항염증작용이 있는 부신피질 호르몬을 체외순환전에 투여함으로서 염증반응이 현저히 감소하는지를 혈청내 TNF-$\alpha$를 측정하여 비교 연구하였다. 1996년 6월부터 1996년 8월까지 심장수술환자 20명에서 전향적 연구를 했다. 10명의 비교군은 수술 하루전, 마취전, 체외순환 시작 5분후, 대동맥 차단시작 5분후, 대동맥 차단 끝나기 5분전, 체외순환 끝나기 5분전, 재관류후 2시간, 4시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 별로 10cc씩 채혈하여 TNF-$\alpha$의 수치를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였고 10명의 스테로이드군은 마취 1시간전에 부신피질 호르몬(Dexamethasone 1mg/Kg)을 정맥주사하고 채혈은 비교군과 같게 했다. 그리고 양군에서 수술전 심전도 및 혈청내 LDH, CPK 효소치와 백혈구 수치를 측정하고 수술후 1일째, 3일째 재측정하였으며, 수술후 3일째내에 환자의 혈압동태 ,폐기능 상태 및 회복상태를 관찰하여 비교하였다. 환자군 간에 LDH 및 백혈구 수치간에 의미있는 차이는 없었으나 CPK 수치가 수술후 첫째날/세째날 비교군이 1122$\pm$456/864 $\pm$42 이고 스테로이드군은 567$\pm$471/325$\pm$87로 큰 차이를 보였고(P=0.002), CPK-MB 효소는 술후 1일째 비교군이 106.4, 스테로이드군이 29.5로 이의있는 차이를 보여주었으나(P=0.02) 수술후 3일째에는 두 군간의 차이가 없었다. 수술후 72시간 관찰기간중 비교군에서 4명의 환자가 3번 이상의 저혈압으로 처치가 필요했고 38$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 발열은 3명의 환자에서 있었다. 환자군 간에 대동맥 차단시간과 체외순환 시간간에 의미있는 차이는 없었고, 인공호흡기 부착시간과 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 비교에 있어 스테로이드군이 적은 수치를 보였으나 통계학적 의미는 없었다. TNF-$\alpha$는 대동맥 차단 5분후부터 체외순환 끝나기 5분전까지 양군에서 현저히 증가하였는데 비교군은 체외순환 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 22.3$\pm$6.8 pg/ml였고, 스테로이드군은 대동맥 차단 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 11.9$\pm$4.7 pg/ml였다. 이상의 연구결과에서 수술전 부신피질 호르몬을 정주함으로 체외순환시 Cytokine의 분비를 억제하여, cytokine으로 인한 심장수술후 발생할수있는 전신적 염증반응을 감소시킬것으로 기대되므로 수술후 환자의 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 및 합병증률을 줄일 수 있으리라 생각된다.
Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$) have been implicated in myocardial and organ dysfunction associated with postperfusion syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that cytokine productions are depressed by preoperative cortiosteroid injection for cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and the postoperative courses will be better than without steriod pretreated cases. Cardiac surgery was performed in randomized blind fashion for 20 patients from June 1996 to September 1996. In the steroid group(n=10), corticosteroid(dexamethasone 1 mg/kg) was injected 1 hour before anesthetic induction, but in the control group(n=10), nothing was injected. Each of groups were sampled 11 times as scheduled for TNF-$\alpha$ bioassays. We have checked EKG, cardiac enzymes(CPK, LDH with isoenzyme), WBC count preoperative day, one day and three days after operation. Viatal signs were continuously monitored for three postoperaive days. In the postoperative period three patients in the control group had elevated body temperature and four patients had hypotension that required considerable intravenous fluid administration. But steroid injected patients showed normal body temperture and acceptable blood pressures without supportive treatment. CPK enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st and 3rd day(CPK; 1122$\pm$465 vs 567$\pm$271, 864$\pm$42 vs 325$\pm$87), and CPK-MB enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st day(106.4$\pm$115.1 vs 29.5$\pm$22.4)(P=0.02). Arterial tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ rose during cardiopulmonary bypass, peaking at 5 minutes before the end of aortic cross clamping(ACC-5min) in steroid group(11.9$\pm$4.7 pg/ml), and 5 minutes before the end of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB-5min) in control group(22.3$\pm$6.8 pg/ml). The steroid pretreated patients had a shorter period of time in respirator suport time, ICU stay day, hospital admission day. We conclude that corticosteroid suppress cytokine production during and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and may improve the postoperative course through inhibition of reperfusion injury such as myocardial stunning and hemodynamic instability.
왕겨배지를 이용한 느타리, 버들송이, 영지 병재배 효과
[Kisti 연계] 한국자원식물학회 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.14 No.3 2001 pp.213-219
...115g/850cc 대비 왕겨30, 50, 80% 첨가구에서는 150g/850cc, 161g/850cc, 120g/850cc로 32%, 40%, 4%, 각각 증수 하였다. 3. 버들송이 병재배시 관행재배에서 균배양 기간이 31일 소요되나 왕겨 30∼40%첨가구에서 균배양 6일 단축과 수량 6% (115g/병)가 증수 하였다. 4. 영지 병재배시 관행 균사배양일수 45일, 수량 38g/병 대비 왕겨 30∼40% 첨가구에서 균사배양, 수량성 대등하였고, 농가에서는 관행수량 30g/병 대비 왕겨 30%, 50% 첨가시 34g/병, 32g/병으로 13%, 7%각각 증수하였다.
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왕겨는 매년 120만톤을 생산하여 농산부산물 활용으로 훈탄, 가축분뇨 수분흡수제로 사용하여 왔으나, 금번 왕겨의 효율적인 사용을 구명하기 위하여 버섯 종류별, 왕겨 첨가별 사용에 따른 버섯 생육특성과 수량이 양호할 뿐만 아니라 생육기간 단축과 톱밥대체용 저비용 왕겨 배지개발로 버섯재배 농가에 경영비절감에 한몫을 기여하게 되어 결과를 요약하면 1. 애느타리 병재배시 관행 대비 왕겨 80% 첨가구에서 재배기간 11일 단축과 수량 7% (68g/병)증수하였다. 2. 느타리 병재배시 관행대비 왕겨 30, 50, 80%첨가구에서 균사배양기간이 2∼3일 단축되는 경향과 수량성이 대등하였으나 농가재배에서는 관행 수량 115g/850cc 대비 왕겨30, 50, 80% 첨가구에서는 150g/850cc, 161g/850cc, 120g/850cc로 32%, 40%, 4%, 각각 증수 하였다. 3. 버들송이 병재배시 관행재배에서 균배양 기간이 31일 소요되나 왕겨 30∼40%첨가구에서 균배양 6일 단축과 수량 6% (115g/병)가 증수 하였다. 4. 영지 병재배시 관행 균사배양일수 45일, 수량 38g/병 대비 왕겨 30∼40% 첨가구에서 균사배양, 수량성 대등하였고, 농가에서는 관행수량 30g/병 대비 왕겨 30%, 50% 첨가시 34g/병, 32g/병으로 13%, 7%각각 증수하였다.
Rice hull was used as an additive in order to determine the its effect on increse of mushroom growth and yield in Chungnam Provincial techinical institution. In the treatment of 80% rice hull in small Neutaribeosut, mycelial growth duration was shown to be shorter about 11 days and yield increased about 7oie than those of conventional culture. In the case of Chongpung Neutaribeosut bottle culture, mycelial growth duration was shorter about 2 to 3 days in additive of 30 to 80% rice hull compared to conventional, but yield was similar to that of conventional. In the treatment of 30% rice hull in Agrocybe aegerita bottle culture, mycelial growth and yield increased 6 days and 6% than those of convrntional, respectively. In the treatment of 30% to 40% rice hull in Ganoderma lucidum bottle culture, mycelial grow durations were similar 45 days and 38 g/bottle.
[Kisti 연계] 한국농업기계학회 Journal of Biosystems Engineering Vol.25 No.6 2000 pp.503-510
...115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) and the increments of whole rice were 2.2% compared to the non-conditioned ones. it was considered that the conditioning process did not influenced the whiteness of milled rice because the whiteness differences between conditioned and non-conditioned milled rice were negligible. About 18% of electric power which drives the abrasive type rice milling machine was saved at 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) of water supply rate.
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To improve the milling condition of brown rice a continuous type conditioning equipment was developed. To validate the performance of this machine the experimental operation was done at Sa-cheon RPC(Rice Processing Complex) using short grain rough. The initial moisture contents of brown rice were 15.0∼16.5%(w.b) and the flow rate of brown rice passing through the conditioner were 4,370kg per hour. The moisture content differences of brown rice between conditioned and non-conditioned were showed within 0.5%(w.b) This results means that the water injected to brown rice were absorbed to the surface of brown rice evenly. The moisture contents of conditioned treated milled rice were showed slightly higher than that of non-conditioned ones but it was considered that the conditioning process did not affected the weight increasing of milled rice by water supply. For initial moisture contents of 15.0∼16.5%(wb) brown rice it was found that the proper water supply rate was 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) and the increments of whole rice were 2.2% compared to the non-conditioned ones. it was considered that the conditioning process did not influenced the whiteness of milled rice because the whiteness differences between conditioned and non-conditioned milled rice were negligible. About 18% of electric power which drives the abrasive type rice milling machine was saved at 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) of water supply rate.
Developmental Ability of Bovine Embryos Nuclear Transferred with Frozen-thawed or Cooled Donor Cells
[Kisti 연계] 아세아태평양축산학회 Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences Vol.18 No.9 2005 pp.1242-1248
...CC), cooling to 4$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, or freezing-thawing (FT). Apoptotic cells in blastocysts were evaluated for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Fusion, cleavage and blastocyst rates were 69.0 (167/242), 68.8 (115/167), and 29.9 (50/167) with CC cells, 70.4 (88/125), 69.3 (61/88), and 29.6 (26/88) with cooled cells and 66.1 (117/177), 70.1 (82/117), and 13.7 (16/117) with FT cells, respectively. Blastocyst rates of NT embryos derived from FT cells were significantly lower than those from CC or cooled cells (p<0.05). In addition, NT blastocysts produced by using FT cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates (6.4${\pm}$4.0%) than those produced by CC (2.8${\pm}$1.7%) or cooled (2.3${\pm}$1.3%) cells. However, cooling of donor cells had no significant adverse effect on blastocyst rate as well as apoptosis rate. Therefore, our results suggest that cooled cells may be used as an alternative to freshly cultured confluent culture cells, as donor cells, for the production of Somatic nuclear cloned cattle.
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This study was designed to investigate the in vitro developmental ability and apoptosis of bovine embryos nucleartransferred (NT) with frozen-thawed or cooled donor cells. Cultured adult bovine ear cells were used as donor cells after sub-culturing to confluence (CC), cooling to 4$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, or freezing-thawing (FT). Apoptotic cells in blastocysts were evaluated for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Fusion, cleavage and blastocyst rates were 69.0 (167/242), 68.8 (115/167), and 29.9 (50/167) with CC cells, 70.4 (88/125), 69.3 (61/88), and 29.6 (26/88) with cooled cells and 66.1 (117/177), 70.1 (82/117), and 13.7 (16/117) with FT cells, respectively. Blastocyst rates of NT embryos derived from FT cells were significantly lower than those from CC or cooled cells (p<0.05). In addition, NT blastocysts produced by using FT cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates (6.4${\pm}$4.0%) than those produced by CC (2.8${\pm}$1.7%) or cooled (2.3${\pm}$1.3%) cells. However, cooling of donor cells had no significant adverse effect on blastocyst rate as well as apoptosis rate. Therefore, our results suggest that cooled cells may be used as an alternative to freshly cultured confluent culture cells, as donor cells, for the production of Somatic nuclear cloned cattle.
[Kisti 연계] 한국세라믹학회 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.26 No.4 1989 pp.459-470
...cc and a vertical siliconit tube furnace were used. The precipitation temperature of YIG was observed in the range of 115$0^{\circ}C$-112$0^{\circ}C$ and the optimum growth conditions in this experiment were determined. The nucleation rate was controlled by the holding time after the fast colling, the growth rate by the slow cooling conditiions. The form of the grown YIG crystals showed a combination of {110} and {211}, and the size of the crystals grown in this experiment was up to about 9mm under the conditions of holding time 16hour, cooling rate 2$^{\circ}C$/hr. and temperature range 115$0^{\circ}C$-90$0^{\circ}C$. The precipitatin temperature of SmIG was observed in the range of 105$0^{\circ}C$-98$0^{\circ}C$ and the size of the crystals grown in this experiment was up to about 5mm under the conditiions of holding time 16hours, cooling rate 2$^{\circ}C$/hr. and temperature range 100$0^{\circ}C$-80$0^{\circ}C$.
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Single crystals of rare-earth iron garnets were grown from solutions of molten lead oxide, lead fluoride, baric oxide, iron oxide, and the oxides of yttrium, samarium orgadolinium. The crystals were grown by slow cooling technique. A convenient composition was 41.8mol% PbO, 20.59mol% PbF2, 8.23mol% B2O3, 20.00mol% Fe2O3 and 10.00mol% R2O3 where R is Y, Sm or Gd. For this experiment, platinum crucibles of size 20, 30cc and a vertical siliconit tube furnace were used. The precipitation temperature of YIG was observed in the range of 115$0^{\circ}C$-112$0^{\circ}C$ and the optimum growth conditions in this experiment were determined. The nucleation rate was controlled by the holding time after the fast colling, the growth rate by the slow cooling conditiions. The form of the grown YIG crystals showed a combination of {110} and {211}, and the size of the crystals grown in this experiment was up to about 9mm under the conditions of holding time 16hour, cooling rate 2$^{\circ}C$/hr. and temperature range 115$0^{\circ}C$-90$0^{\circ}C$. The precipitatin temperature of SmIG was observed in the range of 105$0^{\circ}C$-98$0^{\circ}C$ and the size of the crystals grown in this experiment was up to about 5mm under the conditiions of holding time 16hours, cooling rate 2$^{\circ}C$/hr. and temperature range 100$0^{\circ}C$-80$0^{\circ}C$.
[Kisti 연계] 대한흉부외과학회 대한흉부외과학회지 Vol.26 No.1 1993 pp.54-58
...115 minute,mean intraoperative bleeding was 329 cc, mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.5 days. Postoperative ABGA[Arterial Blood Gas Analysis] was in normal range and postoperative recovery rates of FVC[Forced Vital Capacity], FEV1[Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 second], TV[Tidal Volume] were 84.3%, 93.4%, 88.7%,respectively. In median sternotomy group,mean operation time was 129 minute,mean intraoperative bleeding was 490 cc, mean postoperative hospital stay was 12.4 days. Postoperative ABGA was in normal range and postoperative recovery rates of FVC, FEV1 were 97.3%, 97.4%, respectively. In unilateral transaxillary thoracotomy group, postoperative ABGA was in normal range also and postoperative recovery rates of FVC, FEV1, TV were 91.6%, 99.0%, 96.0%,respectively. In conclusion, simultaneous bilateral bleb resection through bilateral transaxillary thoracotomy should be considered in pneumothorax patients with bilateral bleb or bulla because of cost-effectiveness[reducing hospital days] and better cosmetic result without any impairment in recovery of respiratory function.
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Simultaneous bilateral bleb resection was done through bilateral transaxillary thoracotomy in 10 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax during the period from May 1991 to Novemver 1992 in whom bilateral bulla or bleb was detected with using simple chest X-ray and chest CT scanning. To compare the effectiveness of bilateral transaxillary thoracotomy, we investigated 10 unilateral transaxillary thoracotomy patients with spontaneous pneumothorax and two clinical reports from other institutes which dealt the results of bilateral bleb or bulla resection through median sternotomy also. In bilateral transaxillary thoracotomy group,mean operation time was 115 minute,mean intraoperative bleeding was 329 cc, mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.5 days. Postoperative ABGA[Arterial Blood Gas Analysis] was in normal range and postoperative recovery rates of FVC[Forced Vital Capacity], FEV1[Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 second], TV[Tidal Volume] were 84.3%, 93.4%, 88.7%,respectively. In median sternotomy group,mean operation time was 129 minute,mean intraoperative bleeding was 490 cc, mean postoperative hospital stay was 12.4 days. Postoperative ABGA was in normal range and postoperative recovery rates of FVC, FEV1 were 97.3%, 97.4%, respectively. In unilateral transaxillary thoracotomy group, postoperative ABGA was in normal range also and postoperative recovery rates of FVC, FEV1, TV were 91.6%, 99.0%, 96.0%,respectively. In conclusion, simultaneous bilateral bleb resection through bilateral transaxillary thoracotomy should be considered in pneumothorax patients with bilateral bleb or bulla because of cost-effectiveness[reducing hospital days] and better cosmetic result without any impairment in recovery of respiratory function.
Development of Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor for Belt-Driven e-Assist System
[Kisti 연계] 한국자기학회 Journal of magnetics Vol.18 No.4 2013 pp.487-493
...115 V power electronic converter to drive the WRSM were tested with a 900 cc combustion engine. The test results showed that the WRSM-type e-Assist system had good characteristics and could successfully start and assist the 900 cc combustion engine.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
The automotive industry is showing widespread interest in belt-driven electric motor-assisted (e-Assist) systems. A belt-driven assist system (BAS) starts and assists the combustion engine in place of the conventional generator. In this study, a water-cooled wound rotor synchronous motor (WRSM) for the e-Assist system was designed and analyzed. The performance of the WRSM was compared with that of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The WRSM efficiency can be improved for the BAS by adjusting the field flux at high speeds. The field current map to obtain the maximum efficiency based on the speed and torque was developed. To control the field flux via field current control in the WRSM, a general H-bridge circuit was added to the WRSM inverter to get the rapid current response in the high-speed region; the characteristics were compared with the chopper circuit. A WRSM developed for the belt-driven e-Assist system and a prototype 115 V power electronic converter to drive the WRSM were tested with a 900 cc combustion engine. The test results showed that the WRSM-type e-Assist system had good characteristics and could successfully start and assist the 900 cc combustion engine.
인삼농축액에서 GC를 이용한 잔류농약 동시다성분 분석법의 개발
[Kisti 연계] 한국환경과학회 Journal of environmental science international Vol.15 No.1 2006 pp.85-94
...CC electron capture detector (ECD) and GC nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). The 154 kinds of pesticides were classified in 4 groups according to the chemical structure. The extraction of pesticides was experimented with $70\%$ acetone and dichloromethane/petroleum ether in order, and cleaned up via open column chromatography $(3\times30cm)$ packed with florisil $(30g,\;130^{\circ}C,\;12hrs)$. The final extract was concentrated in a rotator evaporator at $40^{\circ}C$ until dryness. Then the residue was redissolved to 2ml with acetone, and analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-NPD. The applied concentration of pesticides was over $1\~10{\mu}g/ml$. The recovery tests were ranged from $70.7\%$ to $115.2\%$ with standard deviations between 0.3 and $5.7\%$ of the standard spiked to the ginseng extract sample (Group $I\~IV$). The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.001 to $0.099{\mu}g/ml$ (Group $I\~IV$). The 9 kinds of pesticides were not detected. The developed method was applied satisfactory to the determination of the 154 kinds of pesticides in the ginseng extract with good reproducibility and accuracy.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
The simultaneous analysis of multi-residual pesticides was developed using a gas chromatography (GC) method. In this study, a simple and reliable methodology was improved to detect 154 kinds of pesticides in sinseng extract sample by using a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, open column chromagraphy and chromatographic analysis by CC electron capture detector (ECD) and GC nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). The 154 kinds of pesticides were classified in 4 groups according to the chemical structure. The extraction of pesticides was experimented with $70\%$ acetone and dichloromethane/petroleum ether in order, and cleaned up via open column chromatography $(3\times30cm)$ packed with florisil $(30g,\;130^{\circ}C,\;12hrs)$. The final extract was concentrated in a rotator evaporator at $40^{\circ}C$ until dryness. Then the residue was redissolved to 2ml with acetone, and analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-NPD. The applied concentration of pesticides was over $1\~10{\mu}g/ml$. The recovery tests were ranged from $70.7\%$ to $115.2\%$ with standard deviations between 0.3 and $5.7\%$ of the standard spiked to the ginseng extract sample (Group $I\~IV$). The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.001 to $0.099{\mu}g/ml$ (Group $I\~IV$). The 9 kinds of pesticides were not detected. The developed method was applied satisfactory to the determination of the 154 kinds of pesticides in the ginseng extract with good reproducibility and accuracy.
[NRF 연계] 대한병리학회 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.44 No.4 2010.08 pp.404-409
...CC genotypes was 54.3% (150/276), 41.7% (115/276), and 4.0% (11/276), respectively, in patients with OA, and 53.4% (159/298), 37.9% (113/298), and 8.7% (26/298), respectively, in healthy controls. No significant differences in genotypic or allelic frequencies of the +104T/C SNP of the GDF5 gene were observed between patients with OA and controls. Also, no significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies were found when the individuals were stratified by age and gender. Conclusions : The results suggest that the +104T/C; rs143383 GDF5 core promoter polymorphism is not a risk factor for OA in the Korean population.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Background : Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease characterized by degenerating joint cartilage in the knee, hip, and hand. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +104-T/C; rs143383 in the 5′untranslated region of the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene was recently associated with susceptibility to OA in the Japanese and Chinese populations. Methods : To investigate whether this association is present in the Korean population, the frequency of the polymorphism was investigated in 276 patients with knee OA and 298 healthy subjects as controls. Polymorphism analysis was performed by amplifying the core promoter region of the GDF5 gene and digesting it with the BsiEI restriction enzyme. Results : The frequency of the TT, CT, and CC genotypes was 54.3% (150/276), 41.7% (115/276), and 4.0% (11/276), respectively, in patients with OA, and 53.4% (159/298), 37.9% (113/298), and 8.7% (26/298), respectively, in healthy controls. No significant differences in genotypic or allelic frequencies of the +104T/C SNP of the GDF5 gene were observed between patients with OA and controls. Also, no significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies were found when the individuals were stratified by age and gender. Conclusions : The results suggest that the +104T/C; rs143383 GDF5 core promoter polymorphism is not a risk factor for OA in the Korean population.
Coat colour phenotype of Qingyu pig is associated with polymorphisms of melanocortin receptor 1 gene
[Kisti 연계] 아세아태평양축산학회 Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences Vol.30 No.7 2017 pp.938-943
...115 black and 6 white with black spotted pigs. Results: Coat colour of Qingyu pig is associated with the polymorphisms of MC1R but not ASIP. We only found 2 haplotypes, $E^{QY}$ and $E^{qy}$, based on the 13 observed mutations from MC1R gene. Among which, $E^{qy}$ presented a recessive inheritance mode in black spotted Qingyu pigs. Further analysis revealed a g.462-463CC insertion that caused a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon, thus changed the first transmembrane domain completely and lost the remaining six transmembrane domains. Altogether, our results strongly support that the variety of Qingyu pig's coat colour is related to MC1R. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that black coat colour in Qingyu pig was dominant to white with black spotted phenotype and MC1R gene polymorphism was associated with coat colour separation in Qingyu pig.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Objective: Qingyu pig, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, exhibits two types of coat colour phenotypes, including pure black and white with black spotting respectively. Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) are two widely reported pivotal genes that significantly affect the regulation of coat colour. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the polymorphisms of these two genes are associated with coat colour and analyze the molecular mechanism of the coat colour separation in Qingyu pig. Methods: We studied the phenotype segregation and used polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing to investigate the polymorphism of MC1R and ASIP in 121 Qingyu pigs, consisting of 115 black and 6 white with black spotted pigs. Results: Coat colour of Qingyu pig is associated with the polymorphisms of MC1R but not ASIP. We only found 2 haplotypes, $E^{QY}$ and $E^{qy}$, based on the 13 observed mutations from MC1R gene. Among which, $E^{qy}$ presented a recessive inheritance mode in black spotted Qingyu pigs. Further analysis revealed a g.462-463CC insertion that caused a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon, thus changed the first transmembrane domain completely and lost the remaining six transmembrane domains. Altogether, our results strongly support that the variety of Qingyu pig's coat colour is related to MC1R. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that black coat colour in Qingyu pig was dominant to white with black spotted phenotype and MC1R gene polymorphism was associated with coat colour separation in Qingyu pig.
다양한 광원이 배추 내 Carotenoid와 Glucosinolate 함량에 미치는 영향
[Kisti 연계] 한국환경농학회 Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Vol.37 No.2 2018 pp.79-86
...CC) in the greenhouse. Using plant growth chamber with artificial light, experiments were set up LED red (chamber red, CR), LED blue (chamber blue, CB), LED mixed red+blue (chamber red+blue, CRB) and fluorescent (chamber fluorescent, CF). After plant growth, Chinese cabbage was harvested at 110 days after sowing (DAS). The status of plants growth (leaf length, width, fresh weight etc.) was immediately investigated. Carotenoid and GSL contents were analyzed by HPLC. [Experiment I] Results documented that the ranges of total carotenoid contents were 25.39 ~ 58.80 mg/kg dry wt for lutein, 0.84~ 4.22 mg/kg dry wt for zeaxanthin, and 3.85~18.71 mg/kg dry wt for ${\beta}$-carotene. Lutein was the highest for the content and the largest for the variation as well. [Experiment II] Results documented that the ranges of total carotenoid contents were 24.66~137.96 for lutein, 2.51~20.65 for zeaxanthin, and 8.40~49.80 mg/kg dry wt for ${\beta}$-carotene. The total carotenoid contents of CR (156.62) and CB (115.90) were 1.6~2.3 times larger than the other treatments, and ${\beta}$-carotene content was about twice as high as that of the other treatments on the CR (38.74 mg/kg dry wt.). [Experiment I] Total GSL content was the highest in FT (19.76) that was higher 1.7 times than the lowest treatment ($11.39{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.). [Experiment II] The total content of GSL was highest in CRB (4.19) and lowest in CF ($2.88{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.). In the CRB, total GSL contents ($4.19{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.) was the highest. CONCLUSION: Total and individual carotenoid and GSL contents in Chinese cabbage show significant differences under different light sources. Red and blue lights contribute to significant carotenoids expression and antioxidant activity for nutrition and health benefits. These results concluded that the introduction of varying lights affected the synthesis of important nutrient compounds in Chinese cabbage. It is predicted that the application of good light source enhances the accumulation of functional compounds.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
BACKGROUND: Chinese cabbage biosynthesizes various phytochemicals including carotenoids and glucosinolates. Environmental stress has a major effect on the growth and yields of vegetables, and can significantly affect nutritionally important phytochemicals. Phytochemicals of plants are influenced by light, temperature, carbon dioxide, and growing conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various light sources on carotenoid and glucosinolate contents in Chinese cabbage. METHODS AND RESULTS: [Experiment I] Set the control (field control, FC) on the ground. Using acrylic sunlight, experiments were set up transparency box (field transparency, FT), red box (field red, FR) and blue box (field blue, FB). [Experiment II] Set the control (chamber control, CC) in the greenhouse. Using plant growth chamber with artificial light, experiments were set up LED red (chamber red, CR), LED blue (chamber blue, CB), LED mixed red+blue (chamber red+blue, CRB) and fluorescent (chamber fluorescent, CF). After plant growth, Chinese cabbage was harvested at 110 days after sowing (DAS). The status of plants growth (leaf length, width, fresh weight etc.) was immediately investigated. Carotenoid and GSL contents were analyzed by HPLC. [Experiment I] Results documented that the ranges of total carotenoid contents were 25.39 ~ 58.80 mg/kg dry wt for lutein, 0.84~ 4.22 mg/kg dry wt for zeaxanthin, and 3.85~18.71 mg/kg dry wt for ${\beta}$-carotene. Lutein was the highest for the content and the largest for the variation as well. [Experiment II] Results documented that the ranges of total carotenoid contents were 24.66~137.96 for lutein, 2.51~20.65 for zeaxanthin, and 8.40~49.80 mg/kg dry wt for ${\beta}$-carotene. The total carotenoid contents of CR (156.62) and CB (115.90) were 1.6~2.3 times larger than the other treatments, and ${\beta}$-carotene content was about twice as high as that of the other treatments on the CR (38.74 mg/kg dry wt.). [Experiment I] Total GSL content was the highest in FT (19.76) that was higher 1.7 times than the lowest treatment ($11.39{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.). [Experiment II] The total content of GSL was highest in CRB (4.19) and lowest in CF ($2.88{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.). In the CRB, total GSL contents ($4.19{\mu}mol/g\;dry\;wt$.) was the highest. CONCLUSION: Total and individual carotenoid and GSL contents in Chinese cabbage show significant differences under different light sources. Red and blue lights contribute to significant carotenoids expression and antioxidant activity for nutrition and health benefits. These results concluded that the introduction of varying lights affected the synthesis of important nutrient compounds in Chinese cabbage. It is predicted that the application of good light source enhances the accumulation of functional compounds.
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