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목적 : 본 연구는 8~19세 아동 및 청소년의 가정, 학교, 지역사회, 공동체 생활에서의 참여를 측정할 수있는 참여 평가도구인 The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP)을 우리나라 문화에적합하게 한국어로 번안하고, 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하여 한글판 CASP를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 본 연구는 장애 22명 및 비장애 38명을 모집하였으며, 아동 및 청소년 총 60명을 대상으로2018년 9월부터 2019년 1월까지 약 5개월간 진행되었다. 아동 및 청소년의 보호자를 대상으로 한글판The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP)을 자가 보고식 설문으로 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 통계분석 프로그램을 사용하여 타당도 및신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과 : 대상자의 일반적 특성에 대한 검증에서는 두 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 장애 유무에따른 집단 간 점수를 비교한 결과, 한글판 CASP의 타당도 검증에서 유의미한 차이가 발생하여 높은 판별타당도가 검증되었으며, 신뢰도 검증에서는 높은 수준의 내적일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 결론 : 한글판 CASP는 장애 유무에 상관없이 아동 및 청소년을 대상으로 참여를 평가할 수 있는 참여 평가도구이다. 본 연구를 통해 높은 수준의 타당도와 신뢰도가 확인되었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 작업치료임상 및 연구에서 장애 학령기 아동 및 청소년의 효과적인 참여 증진을 위한 치료 계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Objective: The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP) measures the extent to which children participatein home, school, and community activities compared to children of the same age as reported by caregivers. In thisstudy, tried to translate CASP into Korean and to develop Korean version of CASP by verifying the validity andreliability of the translated test. Methods: This study recruited 22 people with disabilities and 38 people without disabilities, which were conductedfor a total of 60 children ad adolescents for about 5 months from September 2018 to January 2019. CASP wasconducted as a self-report questionnaire for parents and guardians of children and adolescents. The validity andreliability of the collected data were verified using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) statistical analysisprogram. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the general characteristics of the subjects of thisstudy. As a result of comparing the scores of the groups according to the presence or absence of the disability,there was s significant difference in verifying the validity of the Korean version CASP. In the reliability test, ahigh level of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were verified. Conclusion: Korean version CASP is a participation assessment tool for child and adolescent who can evaluateparticipation regardless of disability. This study confirmed high level of validity and reliability. Based on theresults of this study, it is expected that it will be used as a basic data for establishing treatment plan to promoteeffective participation of children and adolescent with disabilities in occupational therapy and research.

Objective To investigate whether the polymorphisms of CASP3 gene (rs4647602, intron A/C and rs1049216, UTR C/T) and CASP9 gene (rs1052576, Gln/Arg G/A and rs1052571, Ser/Val T/C) were associated with the development, and clinical severity of ischemic stroke and functional consequences after stroke. Methods Genomic DNA from 121 ischemic stroke patients and 201 healthy control subjects were extracted, and polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced. To investigate the association of polymorphisms and the development, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (K-NIHSS), logistic regression models were analyzed. Results Polymorphism of the untranslational region of CASP3 (rs1049216, UTR C/T) has been associated with the development of ischemic stroke?in codominant1 model (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29?0.88; p=0.017), in dominant model (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34?0.97; p=0.034), and in the overdominant model (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29?0.87; p=0.011). A missense SNP of CASP9 gene (rs1052571, Ser/Val T/C) was associated with the development of ischemic stroke (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.05?3.55; p=0.034 in recessive model). Conclusion These results indicate the possibility that CASP3 and CASP9 genes are markers for the development of ischemic stroke.

Objective To develop the Korean version of the Cognitive Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (K-CASP) and to evaluate the test reliability and validity of the K-CASP in stroke patients.Methods The original CASP was translated into Korean, back-translated into English, then reviewed and compared with the original version. Thirty-three stroke patients were assessed independently by two examiners using the K-CASP twice, with a one-day interval, for a total of four test results. To evaluate the reliability of the K-CASP, intra-class correlation coefficients were used. Pearson correlations were calculated and simple regression analyses performed with the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the aphasia quotient (AQ) to assess the validity.Results The mean score was 24.42±9.47 (total score 36) for the K-CASP and 21.50±7.01 (total score 30) for the K-MMSE. The inter-rater correlation coefficients of the K-CASP were 0.992 on the first day and 0.995 on the second day. The intra-rater correlation coefficients of the K-CASP were 0.997 for examiner 1 and 0.996 for examiner 2. In the Pearson correlation analysis, the K-CASP score significantly correlated with the K-MMSE score (r=0.825, p<0.001). The coefficients of determination (r2) of the AQ were 0.586 for the K-MMSE and 0.513 for the K-CASP in the simple regression analysis.Conclusion The K-CASP is a reliable and valid instrument for cognitive dysfunction screening in post-stroke patients. It is more applicable than other cognitive assessment tools in stroke patients with aphasia.

본 연구는 시간의 흐름에 따른 노인의 삶의 질 변화 양상과 예측 요인을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 영국 고령화 패널(ELSA)의 4차에서 8차까지 최근 10년 동안 수집된 65세 이상의 노인 5,178명의 데이터를 활용하여 종단적으로 분석하였다. 노인에게 특화된 삶의 질 척도인 CASP-19를 활용하였으며 이 척도는 통제감 영역, 자율성 영역, 자기실현 영역, 즐거움 영역의 총 4개의 하위 영역으로 구성되었다. 잠재성장모형을 통하여 노년기 삶의 질의 변화 모형을 도출하고자 하였고 삶의 질의 초기값과 변화율에 영향을 주는 변인을 살펴보았다. 분석 결과 첫째, 노인의 삶의 질은 시간 경과에 따라 점차 선형적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 하위 영역별 분석에서도 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 둘째, 연령은 초기값과 변화율에 공통적으로 영향을 주는 중요한 변수였다. 셋째, 잠재성장모형의 초기값과 변화율에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 연령, 주관적 건강 상태, 교육 수준, 사회 참여, 가족 관계, 수급 여부, 소득수준 등이었으며 하위 영역에 따라 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 노인의 삶의 질의 영역과 변화에 대한 심층적 이해를 도모하고 삶의 질 향상을 위한 효율적 개입에 대하여 논하였다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the trajectories of change in older people’s quality of life and to explore the predictors of changes. Data were from the latest five waves(wave4-8) of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA), a prospective nationally representative study of community dwelling older people in the UK. The data of 5,178 respondents who aged 65 and over were used for the final analysis. The CASP-19 developed specially for older people was used as the quality of life(Qol) measure by self-completion questionnaire and it has four derived domains of control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure. To examine trajectories of change over time in quality of life and its predictors, the latent growth curve(LGC) methodology was used. As result, the quality of Life in later life decresed over time at all dimensions of Qol. And the factor predicting the intercept and slope of the Qol in LGC is found to be ‘age’, which was lowering the baseline of the Qol. Age, self-rated health, education, chronic illness, social participation, family relation, welfare benefit status, marital status, income has significant impact on the Qol in Later life. further implications of the study were discussed.

본 연구는 Hyde et al.(2003)이 개발한 ‘노인 삶의 질 척도(CASP-19)’를 번안하여 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 편의표본추출법을 통해 수집된 55세 이상 345명을 조사 대상자로 선정하고 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하기 위해 조사 대상자의 50%를 무선할당하여 구분하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 한국판 노인 삶의 질 척도(K-CASP-16)는 원 척도와 동일한 통제성, 자율성, 행복감, 자아실현인 4개의 하위요인으로 분류되었다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 한국판 노인 삶의 질 척도는 2차 4요인의 요인구조가 적절한 모형 적합도로 나타났다. 또한 삶의 만족도 척도(SWLS)와 r=.735로 만족할 만한 준거 타당도가 나타났고, 내적 신뢰도는 .882로 양호한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 한국판 노인 삶의 질 척도가 비교적 신뢰할 만하고 타당한 척도임을 확인할 수 있었다. 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점, 임상적 함의, 한계 및 추후 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

The aim of this study is to validate and test the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Quality of Life in Old Age (CASP-19) developed by Hyde, Wiggins, Higgs, and Blane (2003). A total of 345 respondents aged 55 years and older were selected by an online survey and the sample was divided in half at random to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results from the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Korean version of the CASP-16 (K-CASP-16) were divided into four domains (‘control’, ‘autonomy’, ‘pleasure’ and ‘self-relization’), which was consistent with the original version. In the confirmatory factor analysis, a second-order four domains model showed a good overall fit of K-CASP-16. The K-CASP-16 correlated with Satisfaction With Life Scale (r=.735) and showed an adequate internal consistency (α=.882). The results of this current study indicate that the K-CASP-16 is a reliable and valid scale. Finally, the significance, clinical implications, limitations of this study were discussed in relation with future studies.

Background: Despite evidence suggesting roles for caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms in prostate cancer (PCa), the association of these polymorphisms with PCa risk remains inconclusive. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to more precisely estimate the association of CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of CASP8 D302H and -652 6N del polymorphisms and PCa risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association and the precision of the estimate, respectively. Results: Nine -625 6N del studies and 4 D302H studies were included. CASP8 -652 6N del and D302H polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PCa risk in the overall analyses. However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, -625 6N del was significantly associated with PCa risk in the East Asian and Indian populations under the recessive model. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis strongly suggested that D302H was associated with lower PCa risk in the Non-Indian population under the dominant model. Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, ethnic-specific differences were evident in the association of CASP8-625 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa risk.

Purpose: Statins are widely used for cardiovascular diseases, but statin-associated hepatotoxicity remains a concern. Apoptotic caspases, including caspase-8 (CASP8) and caspase-3 (CASP3), are crucial in hepatotoxicity and may affect statin-associated hepatotoxicity. We examined how these gene variants affect hepatotoxicity risk and protein expression in statin users. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected samples from 851 South Korean statin users to assess associations between CASP8 and CASP3 polymorphisms and hepatotoxicity, defined as grade II or higher according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using a TaqMan assay. Multivariable logistic regression included clinical variables alone (Model 1) or combined with genetic variants (Model 2). To evaluate functional relevance, we examined 8995 participants from the UK Biobank, assessing associations between genetic variants and protein expression levels using the Olink proteomics platform. Results: Among 851 patients, 66 experienced hepatotoxicity. In Model 1, lipophilic statins, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with hepatotoxicity. In Model 2, three CASP8 polymorphisms?rs1045487 (GG genotype), rs3769825 (G allele carriers), and rs6745051 (CC genotype)?were independently associated with increased risk, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04?3.60], 2.38 (95% CI: 1.33?4.24), and 3.00 (95% CI: 1.31?6.84), respectively. Incorporating genetic data improved the model’s predictive performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.720 vs. 0.622). In the UK Biobank, risk-associated CASP8 variants showed suggestive trends toward elevated CASP8 protein expression, directionally consistent with the primary findings. Conclusion: CASP8 gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity in statin users.

RHOXF1 has been shown to be expressed in embryonic stem cells, adult germline stem cells and some cancer lines. It has been proposed as a candidate gene to encode transcription factors regulating downstream genes in the human testis with antiapoptotic effects. Its expression in cancer cell lines has implied a similar role in the process of tumorigenesis. The human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were cultured in DMEM medium and transfected with a pGFP-V-RS plasmid bearing an RHOXF1 specific shRNA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed for RHOXF1, CASP8, BCL2 and HPRT genes. Decreased RHOXF1 expression was confirmed in cells after transfection. shRNA knock down of RHOXF1 resulted in significantly decreased BCL2 expression in both cell lines but no change in CASP8 expression. shRNA targeting RHOXF1 was shown to specifically mediate RHOXF1 gene silencing, so RHOXF1 can mediate transcriptional activation of the BCL2 in cancers and may render tumor cells resistant to apoptotic cell death induced by anticancer therapy. shRNA mediated knock down of RHOXF1 can be effective in induction of apoptotic pathway in cancer cells via BCL2 downregulation, so it can have potential therapeutic utility for human breast cancer.

본 연구에서는 영국의 고령화 패널을 활용하여 노인의 노화 인식과 노년기 삶의 질의 관계와 사회적 자본의 조절 효과를 살펴보았다. 조사 대상은 2014년과 2015년에 걸쳐 이루어진 영국 고령화 패널의 제 7차 조사 자료이며, 65세 이상 노인을 선별하여 총 4,554명의 데이터를 사용하였다. 삶의 질은 노인에게 특화된 척도인 CASP 19를 통해 측정되었으며 사회적 자본은 근린지역과 이웃에 대한 노인의 직접적인 인식인 신뢰와 안전감을 통해 조사되었다. 주요 변수의 관계 및 사회적 자본의 조절 효과를 확인하기 위해 상호작용항을 포함한 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과를 살펴보면, 긍정적인 노화 인식과 노인이 인식하는 사회적 자본은 노인의 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 지역사회에 대한 신뢰와 안전감으로 측정된 사회적 자본은 부정적인 노화 인식이 노인의 삶의 질을 저하시키는 것을 막는 완충적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 노인의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 지역사회의 역할과 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.

This research was aimed to investigate the role of social capital in the relationship between self-perception of ageing and the quality of life using the representative panel data, the English longitudinal study of ageing(ELSA). The sample was 4,554 community dwelling older people over 65 of the 7th wave of ELSA data set collected in 2014-15. The ‘quality of life’ was measured by CASP-19 which was specially developed for older people and the ‘social capital’ was defined as the safety and trust toward neighborhood or local area. The structural equation modelling method was used for the data analysis. The findings revealed that the positive perception of ageing was positively associated with the quality of life and the social capital was significantly associated with the quality of life. The Social capital older people perceived buffered the ill-effect of the negative perception of ageing on their quality of life. further implications of the study were discussed.