Earticle

제4차 산업혁명 속에서 기록관리 분야도 효율적이고 고차원적인 기록관리가 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 기록관리 분야에 특히 수집 프로세스 중 기증에 초점을 맞추어서 자율성 향상 이론과 블록체인 기술을 적용하는 연구를 진행하였다. 기증의 문제점에 대해 자율성과 보상의 의미에 관해서 설명하면서 자율성 향상 이론을 정립하였다. 블록체인에 대한 이해를 통해 적용 가능성을 분석하였으며, 본 논문에서 제안하는 수집 플랫폼 모델을 제시하였다. 그리고 민간기록물 기증에 대한 국가기록원의 사례를 중심으로 현황 이해와 분석을 하였다. 마지막으로 블록체인 기반 수집 플랫폼을 가지고 국가기록원의 기증 프로세스의 개선방안을 제시하였다.

In the midst of the fourth industrial revolution, the field of record management also became in need of efficient and high-level record management. Thus, in this paper, the focus on donation in the field of record management, especially during the collection process, led to research on the theory of self-regulation improvement and applying blockchain technology. Explaining the meaning of autonomy and compensation for the problems of donation, we established the theory of self-regulation. The applicability was analyzed through understanding blockchain, and the collection platform model proposed in this paper was presented. In addition, the current situation was understood and analyzed based on the case of the National Archives of Korea on the donation of private records. Finally, with a blockchain-based collection platform, the government presented a plan to improve the donation process of the National Archives.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), a critical component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enhances driving safety and traffic efficiency through real-time data exchange. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of IoV introduces significant security and trust challenges. To address these, trust management systems have emerged as vital mechanisms to ensure the reliability and integrity of data exchanged between vehicles. Blockchain technology offers a robust framework for addressing security and trust issues in IoV environments. The decentralized, tamper-resistant, and transparent nature of the blockchain makes it suitable for complex vehicular environments. This survey provides an overview of state-of-the-art blockchain-based trust management systems in IoV. Following a systematic literature review that filtered 8,280 publications to 63 core studies from 2019 to 2024, we present a thematic classification of existing solutions, focusing on those employing public and private blockchains. Unlike previous surveys, our work focuses specifically on the intersection of blockchain and trust management systems in IoV by analyzing approaches across four dimensions: trust computation methods, such as game theory and AI-driven models; blockchain scaling solutions, including sharding, sidechains, and optimized consensus mechanisms; integration with emerging technologies such as 5G/6G, Digital Twins, and Federated Learning; and security and privacy mechanisms. Finally, this survey identifies current challenges and provides future research directions, highlighting the need for more scalable, adaptive, secure, and privacy-preserving trust management systems in IoV.

This research introduces an innovative approach in implementing Know Your Customer (KYC) on blockchain technology as a means of using data, hybrid robust m-estimation, and the iteratively reweighted less squares (IRLS) method to optimize CLV data. This approach aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of CLV predictions by ensuring the security and reliability of customer data. This tool can help companies manage and increase CLV more effectively, meeting data security and compliance standards. The R-squared validation test results are close to 1, so the model can explain data variations well. RMSE and MSE have small values, ??so the model has good performance in predicting the target value. With these achievements, this approach contributes to the development of better marketing strategies and business decisions in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing digital environment.

Numerous consensus mechanisms have been suggested to cater to the specific characteristics of fog computing. To comprehensively understand their unique features, performance, and applications in fog computing, it is crucial to conduct a systematic analysis of these mechanisms. For this study, 79 relevant articles were carefully selected based on predefined criteria. Among these articles, 35 employed work-proof-based consensus mechanisms, 24 utilized voting-based mechanisms, and 22 adopted capability-based mechanisms. Among the 26 identified consensus mechanisms, proof of work remains the most prevalent one. It is important to note that the scope of this paper is limited to the research available in the predominant databases at the time of writing. Future research may expand to include additional databases and more recent literature in this domain.

With the development of blockchain and digital currencies, central banks all over the world are accelerating the process of CBDC development. However, it is still controversial on adoption of blockchain in CBDC design. In the paper, we analyze both functional and non-functional requirements of CBDC design, and make a literature review on blockchain based CBDC schemes. Analysis findings show that permissioned blockchain are more suitable for CBDC than permissionless blockchain. Besides, there are some challenges in blockchain based CBDC, such as performance, scalability, and cross-chain interoperability. Our analysis is timely and can provide guidelines for blockchain based CBDC design.

IoT content usually comes from power-constrained sensors and requires applying different levels of protection. We design a bounded-error-pruned IoT content market (BIoTCM) framework with preserving privacy protection (BEPDPP) scheme using blockchain smart contract. According to payment level applied in smart contract of BIoTCM, our BEPDPP will prune original data within a given level of bounded-error to provide different resolutions of content for consumers. As the real data is intrinsically hidden, content protection is provided with privacy-preserving. Experimental results generated by five different types of IoT content demonstrate that our content protection solution is cost-effective in sensor lifetime.

This article proposes an electronic payment architecture named Pure Wallet (PW), which extends the concept of Blockchain cryptocurrency for offline transactions. The process is divided into three steps. The first step requires the use of Internet connection, to convert cryptocurrency into a token at the token manager. The token manager initiates a transaction that requires the information in the token to complete. Then offline transactions step is performed between electronic devices like mobile phones through a secure Near Field Communication (NFC) using the token in senders device. The financial value in the form of a token is encrypted by the sender and sent to the receiver’s device via NFC. In the third step, the receiver converts the received token into cryptocurrency in the presence of Internet connection by sending the information required to complete the transaction to the token manager. The goal is to propose an electronic payment architecture utilizing Blockchain, which will enable financial transactions without instant connection to the Internet. The Blockchain implementation in this work utilizes smart contract in Ethereum Blockchain. The result shows a successful transfer of value without instant Internet connection. The open issues related to Blockchain in offline transactions are listed for further research works.

To identify health risks in working environments, it is crucial for companies to share personal health data demonstrating to clients and suppliers their employees are healthy, while being compliant with data protection legislation. Based on these considerations, our Blockchain-based BlockHealth solution allows personal health data sharing with tamper proofing and data protection. Traditionally, the Blockchain guarantees data immutability but not confidentiality. On the contrary, BlockHealth stores in the Blockchain only hash values of data. Health data is stored in private databases managed by companies, thus also allowing to delete data in compliance with the right to be forgotten.

Permissioned and private blockchain platforms are increasingly used in today’s industry. This paper provides a comprehensive and comparative study of the 5 major frameworks (Fabric, Ethereum, Quorum, MultiChain and R3 Corda) with regard to the community activities, performance, scalability, privacy and adoption criteria. Based on a literature review, this study shows that even if Fabric is promising, the final selection of a framework for a specific case-study is always a trade-off. Finally, lessons learnt are given for industrial practitioners and researchers.

The main causes for the risks of used-car trading lie in the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and the absence of a trust mechanism. This study proposed applying the Ethereum blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to construct a used-car trading and management information system that supports decentralized data storage services. This mechanism could support the permanent storage, immutability, and traceability of car maintenance data through the operation of smart contracts. Furthermore, car information is stored and managed by IPFS. Slither monitors the security of this system by detecting security bugs in the operation of smart contracts.

Today, the world of information security is witnessing frequent attacks on electronic medical records by the naive and professional hackers, therefore security of the patient’s Electronic Medical Record (EMR) in Hospital Management System is of paramount importance. In the current research work Blockchain containers running on multiple ports are proposed to be used for holding patient’s medical records. To perform this task effectively, a Blockchain framework named as “Medichain” was developed from scratch with all the basic functionalities of a Blockchain to secure patient’s data. Each block of the Blockchain would contain a list of records of patient details as part of its data. Users would be provided with an option of uploading the file containing the list of records as a JSON file, in a decisive, distributed and decentralized network. The proposed Blockchain Algorithm consisting of cryptographic hash of the records, proof of work and a Merkle tree formulation were simulated in Python and the results have been positive and encouraging.

Blockchain is increasingly offered as blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) by cloud service providers. However, configuring BaaS appropriately for optimal performance and reliability resorts to try-and-error. A key challenge is that BaaS is often perceived as a “black-box,” leading to uncertainties in performance and resource provisioning. Previous studies attempted to address this challenge; however, the impacts of both vertical and horizontal scaling remain elusive. To this end, we present machine learning-based models to predict network reliability and throughput based on scaling configurations. In our evaluation, the models exhibit prediction errors of 1.9%, which is highly accurate and can be applied in the real-world.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is recognised as a game-changer technology that expands its applicability to a huge variety of domains. The key asset is the data that the myriad of sensors embedded in the environment are constantly generating. The paper describes a Blockchain-based IoT Data Marketplace (BIDM) and presents the proof-of-concept implementation that has been developed to validate it from a functional standpoint. The BIDM enables an ecosystem where sensor owners can expose the observations that their sensors generate while retaining control over who accesses each observation and directly getting revenues according to the price they have set.

The journey towards Industry 4.0 have driven the workforce with the need for continuous competency development to stay on top of their profession and remain attractive to their employers. In this context, E-Portfolio has been conceived as a promising tool for both professionals and employers, in assessing and providing guidance for further workplace learning. Nevertheless, the challenges in implementing E-Portfolio are daunting, particularly with regard to lack of interoperability while collecting and sharing the competency evidences across multiple organizations and institutions. The increasing move towards professional (learner)-centered interoperability poses additional challenges that needs to be addressed to realize the full potential of E-Portfolio in the context of Industry 4.0. This work puts emphasize on realization of professional-centered interoperability and proposes a framework leveraging the advantage of blockchain, decentralized storage system interplanetary file system, smart contract and session management for E-Portfolio creation and sharing evidences across multiple organizations without comprising the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the shared evidences. The proof of concept simulation on Ethereum official test network Rinkeby demonstrates the feasibility of proposed framework in practice. In addition, the evaluation of the proposed framework demonstrates its effectiveness from the aspects of cost and security as a potential solution for implementing E-Portfolio and helping the professional to remain competitive in global labor market.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is used in Blockchain Technology to authenticate the entities and to ensure the integrity of the blockchain. Proper Protection of Bitcoin wallet is required for private keys, seeds and keys stored in external hardware in Blockchain infrastructure. In this paper, overview of Blockchain, analysis of existing PKI for Blockchain and key management for Blockchain wallet are discussed. To achieve the confidentiality of sensitive records over the Blockchain network, a Group Key Management scheme for secure group communication is also proposed.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains such as surveillance, logistics, and disaster management. However, ensuring the?safety, security, and trustworthiness?of UAV operations remains a significant challenge, primarily due to vulnerabilities in centralized data processing architectures. Traditional UAV systems rely on remote cloud servers to perform machine learning (ML)-based analytics, which introduces issues such as data exposure, latency, scalability bottlenecks, and susceptibility to?cyberattacks?during data transmission and storage. These challenges underscore the urgent need for a decentralized, verifiable, and privacy-preser ving learning mechanism that can support collaborative UAV intelligence without centralized control. To address these limitations, this study proposes a blockchain-enabled distributed ML framework that facilitates secure, peer-to-peer collaboration among UAV nodes. The framework integrates blockchain’s immutable ledger and smart contracts with decentralized ML models, enabling UAVs to share and validate trained models rather than raw data. This ensures?data confidentiality, integrity, and transparency?throughout the learning process. A stacking-based ensemble mechanism is employed to enhance predictive performance through collaborative knowledge aggregation. The proposed system is experimentally validated using a collaborative intrusion detection (ID) scenario using the?KDD99 network attack data?set and real-world implementation. The results demonstrate significant improvements in detection accuracy, latency and F1-score compared to conventional centralized ML methods, achieving an average accuracy of 97.9%, latency 198ms, and F1-score exceeding 97%. These outcomes confirm that the integration of blockchain and decentralized ML effectively mitigates cybersecurity risks while enabling scalable, trustworthy UAV intelligence.

The proposed idea is to give all the agricultural stakeholders secure storage. We must automate several processes utilizing brilliant codes to reduce risks and errors. The suggested schema applies Blockchain, source codes, and IoT on a farm network to enhance the analysis of agrarian datasets and tracking products to raise the productivity of agro-based supply chains. The application’s architecture will fix the faults found in earlier research. In the suggested method, sensors give us information about the environment. The Blockchain ledger stores our data in blocks. We create special agricultural automated codes in the treatment layer to automate task decisions.

Chargeback fraud is a fast-growing threat to e-commerce, bringing huge losses to online sellers, but there is still a lack of effective technical counter measures. To combat chargeback fraud, this paper proposes a consortium blockchain based chargeback fraud data sharing mechanism ? CFLedger, which includes multi-source reporting, anti-tamper accounting, and post-supervision. This paper also analyzes the efficiency, effectiveness, and practicality of CFLedger, proving that it is an effective and feasible mechanism to prevent chargeback fraud.

Biometric authentication systems have major security weaknesses: risk of biometric information leakage, unreliability of authentication modules, and non-transparency of biometric information management. This paper presents BDAS, a new biometric authentication system using blockchain, which provides a decentralized and distributed mechanism for processing biometric authentication and an auditable mechanism for managing biometric information. BDAS’s evaluation demonstrates that it provides reliable and secure authentication compared to existing methods while introducing negligible performance overhead in real-world scenarios.

Blockchain offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation in financial transactions. A whole new world of opportunities for banking, lending, insurance, money transfer, investments, and stock markets awaits. However, the potential for wide-scale adoption of blockchain is hindered with cybersecurity and privacy issues. We provide an overview of the risks and security requirements and give an outlook for future research that could be helpful in solving some of the challenges. We also present an approach for policy specification and verification of financial transactions based on smart contracts.