Earticle

어깨관절 컴퓨터 단층 검사 시 발생하는 노이즈 및 줄무늬 인공물에 있어 Boost3D 알고리즘 적용을 통해 노이즈 및 줄무늬 인공물 감소 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 어깨관절이 포함된 흉부팬텀을 이용한 팬텀 연구와 2020년 9월부터 2020년 10월까지 어깨관절 컴퓨터단층검사를 실시한 35명에 대한 어깨관절 영상을 통해 임상 평가를 하였다. 평가는 Boost3D 알고리즘 적용 전 그룹과 후 그룹으로 나누어 노이즈 값, 신호 대 노이즈 비, 평균 대 표준편차 비 값을 분석하 였다. 팬텀 영상 평가 및 임상 영상 평가에서 분석한 노이즈 값 및 평균 대 표준편차 비 값 모두 Boost3D 적용 후 그룹에 서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 연구를 통해 Boost3D 적용을 통해 노이즈 및 줄무늬 인공물이 감소 됨을 알 수 있었으며, 평균 대 표준편차 비 값이 높게 나타나 우수한 영상으로 판단할 수 있다. 어께관절 컴퓨터 단층 검사 시 Boost3D 알고리즘을 이용한다면 어깨관절 부위에서 발생할 수 있는 노이즈 및 줄무늬 인공물을 감소시킨 우수 한 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reducing noise and streaking artefacts by applying the Boost3D algorithm in the case of noise and streaking artifacts generated during computed tomography of the shoulder joint. A phantom study using a thoracic phantom including shoulder joint and clinical evaluation were conducted through shoulder joint images of 35 patients who underwent computed tomography of the shoulder joint from September 2020 to October 2020. The evaluation was divided into groups before and after the application of the Boost3D algorithm, and the noise values, signal to noise ratio, and mean to standard deviation ratio values were analyzed. Both noise values and mean to standard deviation ratio values analyzed in phantom image evaluation and clinical image evaluation were statistically significantly lower in the group after Boost3D was applied (p<0.05). Through this study, it was found that noise and streak artifacts were reduced through the application of Boost3D, and the mean to standard deviation ratio was high, which can be judged as an excellent image. If the Boost3D algorithm is used for computed tomography of the shoulder joint, it is thought that excellent images can be obtained with reduced noise and streaking artifacts that may occur in the shoulder joint area.

대부분 자기공명 영상 장치를 이용한 검사 시 화장을 지우지 않고 시행하는데 화장품에는 금속 성분이 포함될 수 있으며 금속 성분은 자기공명 영상의 품질 및 환자 안전에도 영향을 미친다. 본 연구의 목적은 실제로 화장품에 포함된 금속 성분이 자기공명 영상의 품질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험은 1.5T와 3.0T MRI 장비를 이용하여 시중에 시판되고 있는 10개의 아이라이너, 20개의 아이섀도를 무작위로 선정하였고, 안와부를 관찰하기 위한 프로토콜을 적용하여 검사하였다. 실험 결과 인공물이 발생하였으며 1.5T보다 3.0T에서 인공물 음영이 더 크게 관찰되었으나 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 화장품에 함유된 금속 성분은 영상에서 인공물 음영을 발생시켜 영상에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 MRI 검사 시 인공물 음영의 발생은 환자를 진단하는데 다양한 종류의 오진을 발생시킬 수 있고, 또한 본 연구에서는 발열 확인을 할 수 없었지만, 금속 성분이 발열을 일으켜 화상을 입은 사례가 있는 만큼 환자의 안전에도 주의가 필요하다.

Most of them are performed without removing makeup while scanning nuclear magnetic resonance images(MRI). Cosmetics can contain metal components. Metal artifacts also affect the image quality(IQ) and patient safety of MRI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metals contained in cosmetics on magnetic resonance(MR) scans and to pay attention to IQ and patient safety. Ten eyeliner, 20 eye shadows, two magnetic fields and orbital sequences were used in clinical applications. Plan the image to obtain axial and sagittal images of each target material. Measured vertically from the target material attachment surface to the point where the artifact reaches the plane. Metal artifacts occurred in the eyeliner and eye shadow used in the experiment. Self-sensitive artifacts were larger at 3T than at 1.5T, but there was no significant difference. However, we found that cosmetics affect images due to metal artifacts, and MRI scans can be affected by makeup. Also, cosmetics containing metallic substances can cause burns by heat. Required to guide accessories and makeup removal during MRI scanning or to identify images.

본 연구의 목적은 무증상 치밀 유방 여성에서 자동 유방 초음파(Automated Breast Ultrasound, ABUS)를 시행하여 인공지능 기반 자동 유방 초음파용 컴퓨터 보조 진단(Artificial Intelligence-Computer Aided Detection and Diagnosis, AI-CAD) 장치가 검출한 종괴성 병변의 특성과 인공물에 대하여 분석하고 AI-CAD의 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성은 기술 통계를 실시하였고, 빈도 분석을 활용하여 ABUS 판독 시간, 종괴성 병변을 결절성 병변과 낭성 병변, 크기, 모양, 경계, 에코 패턴, 방향, 위치, CAD 인식 결절 개수로 분석하였고, 인공물 특성을 위치와 종류로 분석하였다. 그 결과 결절 및 낭성 병변의 경계성 평가하여 유방암 발견을 향상시키고 판독 시간을 단축시킬 수 있었다. 향후 ABUS와 AI-CAD 장치의 영상학적 특성을 알고 대규모의 후향적인 연구가 이루어진다면 AI-CAD 장치를 통한 판독 효율성이 더 향상될 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and artifacts of mass lesions detected by an Artificial Intelligence-Computer Aided Detection and Diagnosis (AI-CAD) device in women with asymptomatic dense breasts who underwent automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and to determine the usefulness of AI-CAD. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and frequency analysis was used to analyze ABUS reading time, mass lesions into nodular lesions and cystic lesions, size, shape, border, echo pattern, direction, location, and number of CAD-recognized nodules. Artifact characteristics were analyzed by location and type. As a result, the time to expand the field of view by evaluating the borderline of nodular and cystic independence was shortened. The retrospective story of the visually independent relationship between ABUS and AI-CAD devices will make the conversation about AI-CAD devices more enjoyable.

본 연구는 혈관 삽입 도구 시스템을 위한 교육용 모형을 개발하여 만족도 설문 조사 분석을 통하여 교육적 가치를 평가하였다. 설문 조사는 먼저 제작된 모형을 직접 제시 후, Seldinger technique과 함께 혈관 내로 안내 철사(guide wire) 및 카테터(catheter)가 삽입되는 전체 과정을 시연하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 이후 설문 대상자가 직접 모형을 만져보는 경험을 한 뒤 설문을 작성하도록 하였으며, 모든 응답이 완료된 후 회수하는 절차를 거쳤다. 혈관 내 기구 삽입을 재현하기 위해 해당 모형에는 노동맥과 자동맥, 앞뼈사이동맥을 모형화하였고, 이들 혈관과 인접한 노뼈와 자뼈를 함께 구성하여 제작하였다. 3D 모델링 기법을 활용하여 혈관과 뼈를 조립해 바늘 또는 도구가 삽입될 경로를 구성하였으며 이를 통해 Seldinger technique과 카테터 삽입 과정을 더욱 효과적으로 재현할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 지지하기 위해 투명 아크릴 소재로 박스를 제작하였고, 상단 부분에는 피부와 유사한 느낌을 주기 위해 노란색 아크릴을 적용하였으며, 내부 공간은 구조의 견고성을 유지하기 위해 헤진을 사용하여 채웠다. 모형 만족도 분석 결과 모형의 디자인은 교육용으로 사용하기에 적합하다는 응답이 4.26±0.828으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 자기 효능감에서는 모형 교육 내용을 충분히 이해했다는 응답이 4.50±0.614로 가장 높게 나타났다. 교육 만족 및 임상 수행 능력에서는 모형은 교육용으로 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다는 응답이 4.50±0.614로 가장 높게 나타났다. 각 인자의 상관 분석 결과 자기 효능감이 높을수록 교육 만족도와 임상적 역량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 모형이 혈관 내 도구 삽입 메커니즘을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 의료진이 더 능동적이고 적극적인 자세로 임상 업무를 수행하는 데 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 향후 다양한 형태의 모형이 개발되어 여러 교육 과정에 적용된다면, 혈관 내 인터벤션 시술의 교육 효과를 더욱 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

This study evaluated the educational value of a newly developed model for vascular tool insertion by analyzing satisfaction surveys categorized by profession, age, and prior training. The same questionnaire was used for all participants, covering personal details, model satisfaction, self-efficacy, educational satisfaction, and clinical competence. The survey involved hospital visits, in-person demonstrations of the model, and hands-on interaction before completion. To replicate endovascular tool insertion, the model included radial and ulnar arteries, anterior interosseous vessels, and adjacent bones. Using 3D modeling, vessels and bones were assembled to form a pathway for needles and tools, implementing the Seldinger technique and catheterization. The model was 3D-printed and filled with acrylic and resin. urvey results showed satisfaction at 4.18±0.744, self-efficacy 4.34±2.641, and educational satisfaction and clinical competence at 4.35±0.685. Nurses scored higher in self-efficacy, educational satisfaction, and clinical competence than radiologists. Prior training significantly improved scores across all categories. Correlation analysis showed that higher self-efficacy led to greater educational satisfaction and clinical competence. This study confirms the model's educational value, suggesting its potential application in clinical training and curricula for endovascular procedures.

Interventional cardiology procedures can involve relatively high radiation doses compared to conventional radiography. During CAG, CAG + PCI and PCI the same area is exposed to radiation for a long period. In this study, radiation exposure data of 421 examinations in Gyeongsang area were collected, and the DRLs and ADs in actual medical practice for three types of interventional cardiology procedures in Korea were established. In CAG 286 case, 75th percentile DRLs and ADs of the total DAP were 55.89 Gy·cm² and 37.47 Gy·cm² , respectively. In CAG + PCI 92 case, those values were 222.84 Gy·cm² and 117.51 Gy·cm² respectively. In PCI 43 case, those values were 198.73 Gy·cm² and 120.13 Gy·cm² respectively. In this study, for the first time, the diagnostic reference level of interventional cardiology procedures in Gyeongsang area were established. Using the diagnostic reference level of interventional cardiology procedures derived from this study, it will help to identify and improve the level of exposure dose in the region and country.

This study was conducted to ultimately reduce unnecessary radiation exposure by emphasizing the need and importance of correct positioning by examining the positioning relationship of anatomical structures in the human body and changes in X-ray images according to changes in patient positioning during the left lateral chest X-ray examination. This study investigated and analyzed previously published papers and books on the left lateral chest X-ray examination to find out the importance of positioning in the left lateral chest X-ray examination. To find out the importance of correct positioning in the left lateral chest X-ray, we compared three images of incorrectly positioned right thorax and left thorax rotated forward and the lower median surface of the body leaning against the image receptor. In the left lateral chest examination, a distorted image was obtained in which the shape of the anatomical structure observed in the image was changed according to the presence or absence of rotation of the patient and the inclination of the median visual surface. X-ray images with the most accurate and large amount of information were obtained from X-ray images with the correct positioning performed during left lateral chest X-ray examination. Therefore, It is believed that the left lateral chest X-ray examination will have beneficial effects such as providing accurate medical information, preventing misdiagnosis, reducing social costs, and ultimately reducing radiation exposure.

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. As a study method, this author searched for and analyzed materials related to chest PA X-ray examination from theses and books that had been published previously to understand the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. Generally, one of the examinations frequently done in most of the hospitals is chest PA X-ray examination. Also, in any kinds of X-ray examination, proper positioning is the most fundamental and definite way to provide accurate information about the patient. Poor positioning in chest PA X-ray examination may jeopardize the diagnosis and treatment, increase social cost due to examination needed to be done additionally, and generate additional radiation exposure unnecessarily above all. In conclusion, it is expected that proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination will exert positive effects such as the provision of accurate information about the patient, prevention of misdiagnosis, reduction in social cost, and lastly decrease in radiation exposure.

The color overlay pattern of thyroid shear wave elastography applied in this study distinguishes benign and malignant nodules based on the optimal cut-off value of 74.2 kPa. From august 2021 to september 2021, thyroid ultrasound and elastography were performed on 57 patients with thyroid lesions using an ultrasound device RS85 prestige (Samsung Medison, Korea) and a 2-14 MHz linear transducer. In addition, the results of classification by K-TIRADS for each thyroid nodule and the results of classification by color overlay pattern according to the kPa value of acoustic ultrasound were compared and analyzed. In the color overlay pattern, the results classified as 40 people from dark blue to light blue and 17 people from green to red were similar to the K-TIRADS category results, which were classified as 42 benign and 15 malignant. Between blue and light blue, benign, and between green and red, malignant. If the shear wave elastography method is applied before the fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid nodule is performed, the differential diagnosis of thyroid tissue from benign and malignant can be predicted in advance, and it will help to reduce unnecessary invasive tests.

진단용방사선발생장치를 이용한 검사는 영상의학과에서 인체 내 정보를 파악하기 위한 가장 유용한 진단장비 중 하나로 신뢰도가 매우 높다. 이와 같은 이유로, 최근에는 영상의학과 영역의 진단 검사 장비를 이용한 검사 건수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 또한, 검사 건수 증가는 장치의 빠른 노화를 불러일으키고 이로 인해 장치에 대한 정도관리(quality control, QC)의 중요성이 대두된다. 특히, 진단용방사선발생장치를 이용한 검사에서 정도관리란 검사시작부터 검사가 끝날 때 까지 발생할 수 있는 모든 문제점을 사전에 알아내고 대처하여 신뢰가 확보된 영상을 획득하여 제공하는 과정에 있는 일련의 모든 활동을 의미한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 진단용방사선발생장치를 이용한 검사에서 정도관리에 대해보고 한다.

The examination using diagnostic x-ray equipment is one of the most useful diagnostic equipment for identifying information in the human body in diagnostic radiology. For this reason, the number of examinations has recently increased a lot. Increasing the number of examinations will accelerate the aging of the device. In addition, this makes them aware of the importance of quality control for the diagnostic x-ray device. Particularly, in a diagnostic x-ray device, quality control refers to an act of always maintaining a certain level of image quality by identifying and correcting all problems that may lead to reduction of the diagnosis area in advance. Therefore, this study summarizes and reports general information about quality control in examinations using diagnostic x-ray equipment.

In order to provide high-quality medical services to the public and contribute to the improvement of public health, it is necessary to enact an independent law according to the work of radiological technologists. Therefore, this study intends to review the regulations related to radiographers in the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act. and to present opinions and directions for enactment of individual laws for radiological technologists. An online survey was conducted to 15,000 radiological technologists working in medical institutions and education sites in Korea; 1,027 people (6.85%) responded. The questionnaire consisted of 3 questions on demographic characteristics, 5 questions on the scope of work, and 12 questions on the revision of the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act. and the establishment of the Radiological Technologist Independent Act. Reliability and factor analysis were performed on 9 questions measured on a Likert 5-point scale in "Revision of the Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act. and the establishment of the Radiological echnologist Independent Act" among the questionnaire items. Reliability for the total 9 questions was Chronbach α=0.728. There was a high perception that the regulations related to radiological technologists were insufficient in the current Medical Service Technologists, etc. Act., and the perception that examinations performed by radiological technologists at medical institutions were included in medical practice was high. If the Radiological Technologist Independent Act is enforced, a high percentage of respondents said that they could receive legal protection through the institutionalization of the scope of work, that the status of radiological technologists would be improved, and the scope of work would be expanded. The response that the scope of work of radiological technologists should be included was the highest at 96.6%. In the analysis according to demographic characteristics, it was found that 96.7% of the respondents were agreed regardless of the factors. Radiological technologists will have to work hard to secure the public health by coping with new radiology devices, procedures and treatment methods. Therefore, as the results of this study, it is expected that the enactment and implementation of the Radiological Technologist Independent Act will contribute to the improvement of the quality of treatment for patients and to the public health.

본 연구는 2020년 5월부터 2020년 12월까지 복부초음파 검사를 위해 내원한 101명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 횡파탄성측정검사법을 이용하여 초음파 검사 시 초음파 영상(에코 패턴, 비장비대, 간염) 소견에 따른 탄성도를 알아 알아보고자 하였다. 에코 패턴의 정상 그룹의 횡파탄성측정값은 5.75±1.58 kPa였으며, 에코 패턴의 비정상 그룹은 8.84±4.94 kPa로 에코 패턴 비정상 그룹에서 횡파탄성측정값이 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 정상 비장 크기에서 간 탄성도 값은 6.33±2.54 kPa였으며, 비장비대의 간 탄성도 값은 13.73±5.48 kPa로 나타났다. 비장비대일 경우 간 탄성도 값이 높게 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 비장 크기가 증가할수록 간 탄성도 값이 1.485배, 간염이 진행될수록 간 탄성도 값이 1.573배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 초음파 영상 소견과 횡파탄성측정법 간 일치도 분석 결과 Kappa 값이 0.922(p<0.05)로 높게 나타났으며, 두 검사 방법 간에 높은 일치도를 보였다. 간 초음파 소견과 함께 횡파탄성측정법 검사의 간 탄성도 값을 추가적으로 비교한다면 간 섬유화 진단에 있어 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted on 101 patients who visited hospital for abdominal ultrasonography from May 2020 to December 2020. The purpose of this study was to find out the elasticity according to the ultrasound images (echo pattern, splenomegaly, hepatitis) during the ultrasound examination using the shear wave elastography. The shear wave elastography value of the normal group of the echo pattern was 5.75±1.58 kPa, and the group with the abnormal echo pattern was 8.84±4.94 kPa, and the shear wave elastography value of the abnormal group was high (p<0.05). In normal spleen size, hepatic elasticity value was 6.33±2.54 kPa, and hepatic elasticity value of splenomegaly was 13.73±5.48 kPa. In the case of splenomegaly, the liver elasticity value was high, and there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). As the spleen size increased, the liver elasticity value increased by 1.485 times, and as hepatitis progressed, the liver elasticity value increased by 1.573 times (p<0.05). As a result of analysis of concordance between ultrasound imaging findings and shear wave elastography, the Kappa value was found to be as high as 0.922 (p<0.05), which showed high concordance between the two test methods. Additional comparisons of liver elasticity values in shearwave elastography tests along with liver ultrasound findings are thought to be of great help in diagnosing liver fibrosis.

신장결석은 발생 위치에 따라 크게 신장결석, 요관결석, 요로결석 등으로 구분되며, 유전적 요인, 식생활 습관, 생활 환경, 수술 병력 및 감염 요인 등의 다양한 원인에 의해 발생한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2019년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 대구시 소재한 종합병원에서 옆구리 통증을 동반 하나거나 복부초음파 검사를 위해 내원한 환자 중 요로결석을 진단받은 환자 112명을 대상으로 발견된 신장결석이 Twinkling artifact에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 스캔 방법 중 세로주사 스캔에서 신장결석에 따른 Twinkling artifact 발생이 비교적 높게 나타났다. 신장결석의 개수가 많아질수록 Twinkling artifact 발생이 1.296배 증가하였고(p<0.05). 신장결석 크기가 증가할수록 Twinkling artifact 발생이 0.086배 증가하였다(p<0.05). 신장결석의 개수와 크기가 Twinkling artifact에 영향을 주는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 신장결석이 Twinkling artifact에 미치는 영향은 신장결석의 개수와 크기가 연관성이 있기에 Twinkling artifact에 영향을 주는 변수들을 활용하여 신장결석 발견에 도움이 되도록 지속적인 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.

Kidney stones are largely classified into kidney stones, ureter stones, and urolithiasis depending on the location of their occurrence. Therefore, in this study, from January 2019 to June 2021, kidney stones found in 112 patients with flank pain or who visited for abdominal ultrasonography at a general hospital located in Daegu were diagnosed with urolithiasis. We wanted to investigate the effect on twinkling artifacts. As a result of the study, the incidence of twinkling artifacts due to kidney stones was relatively high in the longitudinal scan among the scan methods. As the number of kidney stones increased, the incidence of twinkling artifacts increased by 1.296 times (p<0.05). As the kidney stone size increased, the incidence of twinkling artifacts increased by 0.086-fold (p<0.05). It was found that the number and size of kidney stones are factors affecting twinkling artifacts. Since the effect of kidney stones on twinkling artifacts is related to the number and size of kidney stones, continuous attention should be paid to helping the detection of kidney stones by using variables affecting twinkling artifacts.

관상동맥 석회화는 심혈관질환 위험인자와 연관이 있으며, 동맥경화반의 양과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 선행 연구에서 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2020년 12월부터 2021년 2월까지 대구시 소재 S 영상의 학과 건강검진센터를 방문하여 관상동맥 Calcium scoring CT를 시행한 109명을 대상으로 혈액인자가 관상동맥 석회화 수치에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 허리둘레 인자에서는 비정상 군이 정상군에 비해 석회화 발생 위험도가 1.113배 증가하였고, 공복혈당 인자에서는 비정상 군이 정상 군에 비해 석회화 발생 위험도가 1.036배 증가하였으며, 중성지방 인자에서는 비정상 군이 정상 군에 비해 석회화 발생 위험도가 1.008배 증가하였으므로 허리둘레 인자와 공복혈당인자, 중성지방 인자가 관상동맥 석회화 수치에 영향을 주는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 석회화 수치 발생 위험도는 허리둘레 인자와 공복혈당인자, 중성지방 인자와 유의한 관계가 있으므로 석회화 수치와 연관성이 있는 위험 변수들의 수치를 줄이기 위하여 평소 건강관리에 관심을 갖고 건강검진을 통하여 사전에 예방하기 위해 노력한다면 심혈관질환의 발생률을 낮추고, 심혈관질환과 관련된 의료비를 줄이는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

Coronary artery calcification is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome, and several studies have already reported that coronary artery calcification score are closely related to the amount of atherosclerotic plaques. This study was conducted on 109 patients who underwent coronary calcium CT who visited the comprehensive health examination center in Daegu city during the period from December 2020 to February 2021. we would like to investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcification score and blood factors. As a result of the study, the abnormal group increased the risk of calcification by 1.113 times compared to the normal group in the waist circumference factor. In the fasting glucose factor, the abnormal group increased the risk of calcification by 1.036 times compared to the normal group, and in the triglyceride factor, the abnormal group was normal. As the risk of calcification increased 1.008 times compared to the group, the waist circumference factor, fasting glucose factor, and triglyceride factor were found to be factors affecting coronary artery calcification score. The risk of developing calcification is primarily associated with waist circumference, anemia and triglycerides, and health care and health checks are expected to help reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and reduce medical costs.

4차 산업 혁명 시대에 가상현실(VR), 인공지능(AI) 등에 있어서 더욱더 수리 능력을 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2019년 6월 17일에서 28일까지 S와 D 대학교 방사선학과 신입생 총 78명을 대상으로 기초학습수리영역 진단 평가를 통해 기초 수리능력에 대한 수준을 파악하여 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 대학생들의 기초 수리능력의 수준은 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 진단되었으나, 기하와 벡터 평균점수 2. 61점, 확률과 통계 평균점수 2.64점으로 보통 수준 진단되어 다른 영역보다 낮게 나타났다. 성별에 따른 기초수리능력 수준은 남학생 평균점수 17.48점, 여학생 16.29점으로 우수 수준으로 진단되었으며, 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 본 연구는 적은 연구대상 인원과 지역적인 제한점이 있기에 연구결과를 전체 대학교 신입생 및 모들 학과에 대해 일반화하는데 있어 다소 한계가 있을 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 토대로, 방사선학과 입학한 신입생들의 기초 수리능력 향상을 위해 학생 수준별로 전공과 관련된 기초 수리능력에 대한 향상 특강 등 다양한 프로그램이 진행 될 필요가 있으며, 교육과정에 전공 수학 교과목을 개설하여 학생 수준에 맞는 교수 학습방법 적용하여 수리능력에 대한 역량을 강화 할 필요가 있다.

The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is increasingly demanding mathematical competencies for virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI) and the like. In this context, this study intended to identify the basic mathematical competency levels of university freshman students in radiology department and to provide basic data thereon. For this, the diagnostic assessment of basic learning competencies for the domain of mathematics was conducted from June 17, 2019 to June 28, 2019 among 78 freshman students of radiology department at S university and D university. As a result, the university students' overall basic mathematical competency levels were diagnosed to be excellent. However, their levels in the sectors of the geometry and vector and the probability and statistics were diagnosed to be moderate, with the mean scores of 2.61 points and 2.64 points, respectively, which were found to be lower than those of the other sections. As for basic mathematical competency levels according to genders, the levels of male students and female students were diagnosed to be excellent, with the mean scores of 17.48 points and 16.29 points, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Given the small number of subjects and regional restriction, there might be some limitations in the generalization of the findings of the present study to all university freshman students and all departments. The above results suggest that it is necessary to implement various programs such as student level-based special lectures for enhancing basic mathematical competencies relating to major in order to improve the basic mathematical competencies of freshman students in radiology department, and that it is necessary to increase the students' mathematical competencies by offering major math courses in the curriculum and applying teaching-learning methods matching students' levels.

컴퓨터단층촬영장치(computed tomography, CT)을 이용한 검사는 영상의학과에서 인체 내 정보를 파악하기 위한 가장 유용한 진단장비 중 하나로 신뢰도가 매우 높다. CT검사에 대한 신뢰성이 높아 최근에는 CT를 이용한 검사 건수도 매년 증가하고 있다. 검사 건수 증가는 CT장치의 노화를 촉진하게 되고, 이로 인해 CT장치에 대한 품질관리(quality management, QM)의 중요성이 대두된다. 특히, CT검사에서 품질관리란 임상영상에서 영상의 질(image quality, IQ) 저하로 진단영역 축소를 초래할 수 있는 발생가능한 모든 문제점을 사전에 파악하여 교정함으로써 항상 일정 수준의 영상의 질을 유지하고 영상을 획득할 수 있게 하는 행위를 의미한다. 이에 본 연구진은 CT검사의 품질관리에 대한 일반적인 내용을 요약하여 보고 한다.

CT(computed tomography, CT) examinations is one of the most useful diagnostic equipment for identifying information in the human body in diagnostic radiology. Recently, the number of CT scans is increasing every year due to the high reliability of CT scans. Increasing the number of tests will accelerate the aging of CT devices, which is why the importance of quality management for CT devices is on the rise. Particularly in CT, quality management refers to a behavior of figuring out and correcting all sorts of hindrance factors that can cause all the problems related to the equipment associated with the diminishment of diagnosed area due to the reduction of image quality in clinical imaging in advance and maintaining a consistent level of image quality and obtaining a proper image. Here, these researchers aim to summarize and report the general contents of quality management in CT.

신장결석은 국내에서 연간 3만 명 정도 유병률이 증가하고 있는 흔한 질환으로 만성콩팥병, 고혈압, 관상동맥질환, 대사증후군, 제2형 당뇨병, 고지혈증, 복부 중심 비만 증가와 관련이 깊다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2019년 5월부터 2020년 6월까지 달성군에 소재한 종합병원에서 건강검진을 위해 내원한 수검자 135명을 대상으로 복부초음파 검사에서 발견된 신장결석과 비만 및 대사증후군과 관련된 인자와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 총 콜레스테롤 인자에서는 비정상 군이 정상 군에 비해 신장결석 발생 위험도가 4.255배, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 인자에서는 비정상 군이 정상 군에 비해 신장결석 발생 위험도가 2.072배 증가하였고, 총 콜레스테롤 인자와 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 인자가 신장결석과 대사증후군 유병률에 영향을 주는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 신장결석 발생 위험도는 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 인자와 관계가 있기에 건강검진을 통해 예방 목적에 있어 적극적인 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.

Kidney stones are a common disease with an annual prevalence of about 30,000 people in Korea, and are deeply related to an increase in chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Therefore, in this study, 135 examinees who visited a general hospital in Dalseong-gun from May 2019 to June 2020 for a medical examination were examined. The relationship between kidney stones and factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome were found in abdominal ultrasound. I tried to find out the relevance. As a result of the study, the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 4.255 times compared to the normal group in total cholesterol factor, and the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 2.072 times compared to the normal group in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factor. Total cholesterol factor and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol It was found that the factor affects the prevalence of kidney stones and metabolic syndrome. Since the risk of kidney stones is related to total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factors, active attention should be paid to preventive purposes through health check-ups.

This study aimed to investigate the causes of bacterial growth to prevent infection caused by ultrasound gel and gel containers in contact with patients during ultrasonography. To investigate bacterial contamination during manufacturing or storage, we cultured ultrasound gels originally supplied from three manufacturers. To analyze bacterial growth according to the lapse of time and frequency of use of the ultrasound gel container, the gel and container were cultured at regular intervals every week for 4 weeks. In addition, to determine the source of infection, the examiner's hand was inspected with hand plate and the degree of bacterial contamination was measured before the test. As a result of the study, bacteria were not detected in the gel provided at the initial supply, and in the gel and gel container used repeatedly for 4 weeks, the same bacteria residing on the skin were identified in the examiner's hand, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroid spp cremoris, Kocuria rhizophila, and etc. Separated strains were classified as those of the low- or non-pathogenicity; however, most of these strains may render fatal consequences to patients of lower level of immunity due to acquired tolerance to antibiotics. At week 1, when the number of tests was the highest, 44 colonies were identified, and at week 4, when the number of tests was the lowest, 4 colonies were identified. As r=0.994, it was found that the number of colonies increased as the number of tests increased. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the cause of the infection was not the ultrasound gel, but the examiner's hand. The ultrasound gel or gel container may be contaminated by skin flora of examiner's hands, which can cause opportunistic infection in patients with low immunity. The ultrasound gel or gel container may be contaminated by skin flora of examiner's hands, which can cause opportunistic infection in patients with low immunity. Therefore, it was confirmed that thorough hand disinfection was necessary to block healthcare-associated infections.

본 연구의 목적은 디지털 혈관 조영 촬영장치를 이용한 검사 시 X선관, 환자 테이블, 검출기 또는 환자 등의 기하학적 특성에 따라 실무자가 수시로 변화시켜 적용할 수 있는 매개변수에 대해 알아보고 이에 따른 환자 및 의료진의 방사선 피폭선량을 감소시키는 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 기하학적 특성들에 따라 각각 fluoroscopy mode와 Digital subtraction angiography로 촬영하고 유효 선량으로 환산한 값을 비교하였다. 연구결과 FPS mode에 따른 선량은 FPS mode를 낮게 설정할수록 선량이 30-40%까지 감소하였다. X선관 각도에 따른 선량은 AP View에서 가장 높게 측정되었고 머리 방향으로 각도가 들어갈수록 선량이 낮게 측정되었다. FOV가 확대될수록 선량이 1.2-1.6배 증가하였고 X선관과 테이블의 거리가 가까워질수록 약 10% 증가하였다. X선관과 평판형 검출기의 거리가 100 mm 멀어질수록 선량이 20-30% 증가하였다. 결론적으로 혈관 조영검사 시 다양한 기하학적 특성들은 실무자가 수시로 변화시켜 적용할 수 있는 매개변수이며 다양한 상황에서 적합한 기하학적 특성들을 고려하여 적용함으로써 적절한 선량 감소 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

This study aims to find geometric parameters that the radiologist can change from time to time to reduce dose in angiography examinations. Depending on the geometric characteristics, the values calculated by effective dose were compared, while filming in fluoroscopy mode and Digital subtraction angiography, respectively. The study found that the lower the dose was in FPS mode, the lower the dose was reduced to 30-40%. Doses according to the X-ray angle were measured highest in AP View and lower as the angle went in the head direction. The greater the FOV, the higher the dose was 1.2-1.6 times, and the closer the distance between the X-ray tube and the table, the greater the dose was about 10%. Source-image intensifier distance (SID) get longer to 100 mm, dose of each fluoroscopy and Digital subtraction angiography increase up to 25-30%. In conclusion, various geometric characteristics in angiography examinations are parameters that can be applied by radiographers as frequently as possible, and appropriate geometric properties can be considered and applied in various situations, resulting in appropriate dose reduction.

본 연구는 유방 초음파 검사 시 S-detect 성능에 관한 내용을 알아보고 이에 따라 조직 검사와 비교하여 불필요한 조직 검사를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 알아보고자 하였다. 2018년 8월에서 10월까지 유방초음파 검사를 시행한 환자 중 유방결절이 발견되어 조직 검사가 계획된 30명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. S-detect 방법에서의 악성 감별과 Biopsy에서의 악성감별에 유의한 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 Mc Nemar test 분석을 실시하였다. S-detector 방법의 분석 결과 민감도는 90.9 %, 특이도 84.21 %, 정확도 86.66%, 양성예측도 76.92%, 음성예측도 94.11 %로 나타났다. S-detect 방법과 Biopsy 방법 간에 일치도 분석 결과 kappa 값이 0.724(p<0.05)로 높게 나타났으며, 두 방법 간에 좋은 일치도를 보였다. 유방초음파 검사 시 S-detect를 활용한 검사 방법에 있어서 유방 종괴에 악성과 양성 감별 진단에 있어서 진단적으로 가치가 있었으며, 유방조직 검사 실시 전 적절히 활용한다면 불필요한 조직 검사를 줄일 수 있는데 도음을 줄 것이다.

This study aimed to investigate the performance of the S-detect method in breast ultrasonography and to determine how to reduce unnecessary biopsy by comparing the results of the S-detect method and biopsy. Thirty patients who had undergone breast ultrasonography between August and October 2018 and were scheduled to undergo biopsy because of the presence of breast nodules were retrospectively analyzed. The McNemar test was performed to determine whether detection of a malignant breast mass significantly differed between the S-detect method and biopsy. The following results were obtained from the analysis of the S-detect method: sensitivity, 90.9%; specificity, 84.21%; validity, 86.66%; positive predictive value, 76.92%; and negative predictive value, 94.11%. Analysis of the degree of agreement between the S-detect method and biopsy revealed a kappa value as high as 0.724 (p < 0.05), exhibiting good agreement between the two methods. The S-detect method in breast ultrasonography is diagnostically valuable in terms of distinguishing between malignant and benign breast masses, and if used properly before breast biopsy, unnecessary biopsy can be reduced.