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61

동물어휘 “동실이명” 현상 연구-유해류 문헌을 중심으로

張立娜, 金哲俊

[NRF 연계] 중국어문학회 중국어문학지 Vol.87 2024.06 pp.233-255

...synonym refers to a lexical phenomenon in which one object has different names. This is not a simple name multiplication, but a reflection of culture in language, which contains people’s thinking forms, values, cultural connotations and language characteristics and other deep meanings. This is a common language phenomenon from ancient times to the present. Based on the classificatory literature, this paper examines the phenomenon of synonym of animal words with the same Korean explanatory words as the starting point, which not only provides a good corpus for the study of the history of Korean vocabulary, but also for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. Through the comparison of animal vocabulary in classificatory literature, it is concluded that people often name animals according to their distinctive external characteristics, and the general selection rule is to give priority to visual perception based on shape, pattern, color, and habits. In vision, the shape of the animal is preferred, and in the form, the measurement and circle are preferred. These naming images tend to take in superficial features, reflecting that people’s understanding is developing from superficial to deep, from the outside to the inside. At the same time, it points out that the causes of synonym of the animal words include two categories: the sign-relational type and the cognitive type, reveals the regularity of the combination of “name” and “objective”, embodies the conditions for the production of Chinese words and the path of evolution, and provides beneficial enlightenment for linguistic research and cross-cultural communication. The research on the history of Chinese vocabulary will surely become the direction of future development with the research ideas and methods based on domestic materials and supplemented by foreign documents.

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원문보기

“同实异名”,从语言学的角度来看,是指一个事物对象而有不同的叫名的词汇现象,也称为“异名同实”。这不是简单的名称繁衍,是文化在语言中的折射,其中蕴含着人们的思维形式、价值观念、文化内涵及语言特质等深层意义。这是从古至今普遍存在的一种语言现象。本文基于“类解”类文献,以对应同一朝鲜语解释词为切入点,考察动物词“同实异名”的现象,不仅对朝鲜语词汇史的研究,而且对汉语词汇史研究会提供很好的语料。通过“类解”类文献中动物词汇的比较得出,人们常常通过动物的显著外部特征进行命名取象‚一般性的选择规律是以形体、纹色、习性为主的视觉感知优先;视觉中以动物的形体优先形体中又以量度和圆形优先。这些命名取象偏向于摄取浅表特征,体现着人们的认识是由浅入深、由表及里发展的。与此同时,指出了动物名词“同实异名”的成因包括符号关系型成因以及认知型成因两大类,揭示了“名”与“实”结合的规律性。

From a linguistic point of view, synonym refers to a lexical phenomenon in which one object has different names. This is not a simple name multiplication, but a reflection of culture in language, which contains people’s thinking forms, values, cultural connotations and language characteristics and other deep meanings. This is a common language phenomenon from ancient times to the present. Based on the classificatory literature, this paper examines the phenomenon of synonym of animal words with the same Korean explanatory words as the starting point, which not only provides a good corpus for the study of the history of Korean vocabulary, but also for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. Through the comparison of animal vocabulary in classificatory literature, it is concluded that people often name animals according to their distinctive external characteristics, and the general selection rule is to give priority to visual perception based on shape, pattern, color, and habits. In vision, the shape of the animal is preferred, and in the form, the measurement and circle are preferred. These naming images tend to take in superficial features, reflecting that people’s understanding is developing from superficial to deep, from the outside to the inside. At the same time, it points out that the causes of synonym of the animal words include two categories: the sign-relational type and the cognitive type, reveals the regularity of the combination of “name” and “objective”, embodies the conditions for the production of Chinese words and the path of evolution, and provides beneficial enlightenment for linguistic research and cross-cultural communication. The research on the history of Chinese vocabulary will surely become the direction of future development with the research ideas and methods based on domestic materials and supplemented by foreign documents.

62

한국어 유의어 변별 연구사

유환일, 조양

[NRF 연계] 국어학회 國語學 Vol.108 2023.12 pp.393-442

...synonyms has been conducted on the premise that it should be explored, yielding a substantial body of work across various domains. The aim of this study is to comprehensively collect the accomplishments of prior Korean synonym discrimination research, categorizing them by type, and critically reviewing them with a specific focus on the nature of research data and methodologies. Additionally, this study seeks to identify future research directions. To accomplish this, a thorough analysis was conducted, involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches, using refined research materials. Initially, an investigation was carried out on the distribution of articles by year, encompassing a total of 174 academic journal papers and theses. Subsequently, research data were categorized according to various characteristics, such as part of speech, semantic categories, word classes, and quantity, which synonym groups exhibit. The subsequent step involved categorizing 67 academic journal papers based on research fields and target applications. The research methodology was a primary area of focus, resulting in a typology for examination. Through this process, it became evident that quantitative output could both facilitate the refinement or specialization of research methods and lead to the potential drawback of rigid thinking or practices. Furthermore, adopting a comprehensive perspective, the study identified intersecting outcomes among research grouped by its nature and proposed a methodological framework with maximum applicability to specific domains. In conclusion, this study holds significance as it delineates the trajectory of synonym discrimination research conducted over nearly four decades, sheds light on the characteristics of synonym data, delineates the application of research methodologies, and offers valuable insights into future research directions.

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원문보기

지금까지 유의어 (의미) 변별 연구는 으레 연구되어야 한다는 선험적 견해를 근거 삼아 여러 분야에서 방대한 양의 성과물을 산출해내고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 그간 한국어 유의어 변별 연구의 성과들을 유형별로 폭넓게 수집하고 연구 자료의 성격과 연구방법론에 주안점을 두어 비판적으로 검토하면서 앞으로의 연구 과제를 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 정제된 분석 자료를 바탕으로 유의어군 자료의 양적 분석, 각각의 연구 성격에 따른 질적 분석을 진행하였다. 먼저 174편의 학술지 논문과 학위논문을 대상으로 연도별 분포를 살펴본 후, 유의어군의 품사 유형, 의미 범주, 어종, 수량 등 측면에서 갖는 특징을 도출하는 식으로 연구 자료의 성격을 범주화하였다. 다음으로 학술지 67편을 학술지 논문을 대상으로 연구 분야 및 적용 대상에 따라 위계화한 후, 연구 방법에 초점을 두어 유형화하여 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 양적 성과 산출이 연구 방법의 정교화 또는 전문화를 촉진하기도 하지만, 연구 방식의 고착화 내지 사고의 경직화를 초래할 수도 있다는 문제의식을 조명하기에 충분했다. 나아가 총체적 관점에 입각하여 연구의 성격에 따라 묶을 수 있는 연구의 교집합적인 성과를 도출하면서 특정 분야에 적용할 수 있는 방법론적 최대치를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 근 40년간 진행되어 온 유의어 변별 연구의 흐름, 유의어 자료의 성격과 연구방법론의 적용 현황 및 향후 방향성을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Up to this point, study on the discrimination of synonyms has been conducted on the premise that it should be explored, yielding a substantial body of work across various domains. The aim of this study is to comprehensively collect the accomplishments of prior Korean synonym discrimination research, categorizing them by type, and critically reviewing them with a specific focus on the nature of research data and methodologies. Additionally, this study seeks to identify future research directions. To accomplish this, a thorough analysis was conducted, involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches, using refined research materials. Initially, an investigation was carried out on the distribution of articles by year, encompassing a total of 174 academic journal papers and theses. Subsequently, research data were categorized according to various characteristics, such as part of speech, semantic categories, word classes, and quantity, which synonym groups exhibit. The subsequent step involved categorizing 67 academic journal papers based on research fields and target applications. The research methodology was a primary area of focus, resulting in a typology for examination. Through this process, it became evident that quantitative output could both facilitate the refinement or specialization of research methods and lead to the potential drawback of rigid thinking or practices. Furthermore, adopting a comprehensive perspective, the study identified intersecting outcomes among research grouped by its nature and proposed a methodological framework with maximum applicability to specific domains. In conclusion, this study holds significance as it delineates the trajectory of synonym discrimination research conducted over nearly four decades, sheds light on the characteristics of synonym data, delineates the application of research methodologies, and offers valuable insights into future research directions.

63

한국어 교육에서 유의어 교육 연구 동향 분석

남성종

[NRF 연계] 대구가톨릭대학교 인문과학연구소 인문과학연구 Vol.50 2023.11 pp.167-215

...synonym education research within Korean language education, offering insights into potential future directions for synonym education based on the findings. Using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), the study identified relevant research pieces by searching for terms like ‘synonym’, ‘Korean synonym’, ‘Korean education synonym’, and ‘semantic relation’, ultimately selecting 212 papers from the period 2003 to 2022. These were subsequently categorized by the publication year, learner demographics, parts of speech, and the nature of the research to discern discernible Trends. from this analysis, several recommendations were made for advancing synonym research in Korean language education. Notably, there is a marked emphasis on studies within the Chinese-speaking domain, suggesting a need to broaden this scope. Additionally, there’s a pressing need to offer nuanced teaching and learning approaches tailored to learners with different levels of proficiency. Moreover, there’s a noticeable gap in research focused on special-purpose learners, underscoring the need for studies that encompass a broader spectrum of learners. Futhermore, when examining synonym research based on word categories, although there is considerable focus on; comparisons between native Korean words and Chinese-derived words: studies comparing solely Chinese-derived words: or delving into loanwords remain underrepresented. It’s also worth noting that research on adjectives and adverbs is overly concentrated on particular semantic domains, indicating a discernible research imbalance. There’s also a noticeable scarcity of synonym dictionaries for learners, and the current textbooks often fall short in providing comprehensive explanations for synonym Pairings. despite these gaps, there seems to be limited active research dedicated to the development and analysis of dictionaries and textbooks. Research comparing synonyms leans heavily towards adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Given the prevalence of in-depth linguistic research, a more effective research methodology for Korean language education is paramount. This kind of comparative research will be crucial in shaping the direction for future dictionary and textbook developments that cater to different linguistic communities.

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원문보기

본 연구는 한국어교육에서의 유의어 교육 연구 동향을 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로의 유의어 교육의 방향에 대해 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 학술연구정보서비스(RISS)에서 ‘유의어’, ‘한국어 유의어’, ‘한국어 교육 유의어’, ‘유의관계’를 검색한 후 2003년에서 2022년까지의 212편의 논문을 연구 대상으로 선정해 연도별, 학습자 특성별, 품사별, 연구 내용별로 분류하여 동향을 분석하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로 한국어교육에서 유의어 연구가 나아가야 할 몇 가지 방향성을 제시하였다. 먼저 중국어권에 편중된 연구들은 더 넓은 언어권으로 연구가 확장되어야 하고 숙달도별 학습자를 대상으로 좀 더 세밀하게 교수·학습 방안을 제시할 필요가 있다. 또한 특수목적 학습자에 관한 연구가 잘 이루어지지 않아 다양한 학습 대상자를 고려한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 어종별 유의어 연구의 측면에서는 고유어 한자어 간 연구에 비해 잘 연구되지 않는 한자어 간, 외래어에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 하며 형용사와 부사에 관한 연구도 특정 의미 영역에 연구가 치중되어 있다는 데 문제점을 드러낸다. 그리고 학습자들에게 유용한 유의어 사전이 부족한 점과 현재 출판되는 교재에서 유의어 쌍에 대한 설명이 미비한 점을 고려하면 사전과 교재 개발 및 분석에 관한 연구가 더욱 보완될 필요가 있다. 유의어 대조 연구의 경우에는 주로 형용사, 동사, 부사에 치중되어 있고 국어학적인 연구 내용들이 많아 한국어교육학에서의 실효성을 거둘 수 있는 연구방법론이 필요하며, 또 이러한 대조 연구가 향후 언어권별 사전과 교재 개발로의 연구로 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

This study delved into the trends surrounding synonym education research within Korean language education, offering insights into potential future directions for synonym education based on the findings. Using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), the study identified relevant research pieces by searching for terms like ‘synonym’, ‘Korean synonym’, ‘Korean education synonym’, and ‘semantic relation’, ultimately selecting 212 papers from the period 2003 to 2022. These were subsequently categorized by the publication year, learner demographics, parts of speech, and the nature of the research to discern discernible Trends. from this analysis, several recommendations were made for advancing synonym research in Korean language education. Notably, there is a marked emphasis on studies within the Chinese-speaking domain, suggesting a need to broaden this scope. Additionally, there’s a pressing need to offer nuanced teaching and learning approaches tailored to learners with different levels of proficiency. Moreover, there’s a noticeable gap in research focused on special-purpose learners, underscoring the need for studies that encompass a broader spectrum of learners. Futhermore, when examining synonym research based on word categories, although there is considerable focus on; comparisons between native Korean words and Chinese-derived words: studies comparing solely Chinese-derived words: or delving into loanwords remain underrepresented. It’s also worth noting that research on adjectives and adverbs is overly concentrated on particular semantic domains, indicating a discernible research imbalance. There’s also a noticeable scarcity of synonym dictionaries for learners, and the current textbooks often fall short in providing comprehensive explanations for synonym Pairings. despite these gaps, there seems to be limited active research dedicated to the development and analysis of dictionaries and textbooks. Research comparing synonyms leans heavily towards adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Given the prevalence of in-depth linguistic research, a more effective research methodology for Korean language education is paramount. This kind of comparative research will be crucial in shaping the direction for future dictionary and textbook developments that cater to different linguistic communities.

64

동의 관계 어휘의 단어 형성: 표현론적 접근을 중심으로

정한데로

[NRF 연계] 국어학회 國語學 Vol.103 2022.09 pp.345-390

...synonyms are multiple words that express a referent, synonyms are the result of dynamically reflecting the process of word formation in which naming speakers are actively involved. Therefore, the study of observing what morphological procedures each word is composed of through comparison between synonyms, and analyzing the conceptualization of salient features focused on target objects is a remarkable research topic in word formation. This paper is aimed at analyzing the concept and formal characteristics of dynamically realized synonyms in the Urimalsaem dictionary. By focusing on the expression process that is motivated by naming rather than the resultant status of synonyms, we intend to emphasize the word formation based on the step-by-step procedure of ‘target object(referent) → concept → language(symbol)’. Existing studies on word formation in the onomasiological approach have been discussed focusing on nonce words or unregistered words collected immediately. However, this paper is significant in that it discusses the possibility of researching an onomasiological approach to dictionary-listed words.

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원문보기

동의어는 단일한 지시 대상을 표현한 복수의 언어 자료라는 점에서 각 명명(naming) 화자가 주체적으로 실현(해석(construal))한 단어 형성 방식이 역동적으로 반영되어 있는 결과물이다. 따라서 동의어 간 비교를 통해 각 단어가 어떠한 형태론적 작용을 거쳐 구성되었는지 관찰하고 목표 대상에 초점화된 두드러진(salient) 속성의 개념화 양상을 분석하는 작업은 단어형성론에서 주목할 만한 연구 주제이다. 이 글은 ≪우리말샘≫에 수록된 동의 관계 어휘를 중심으로, 역동적으로 실현된 대상 자료의 개념적․형식적 특성을 분석하는 데에 목적이 있다. 동의어의 결과적 지위보다는 명명을 동기로 진행된 표현 과정에 집중함으로써 ‘대상 → 개념 → 언어’의 단계적 절차에 기반한 단어 형성 문제를 조명하고자 한다. 표현론적 접근의 기존 단어 형성 연구가 즉각적으로 수집한 임시어나 사전 미등재어를 중심으로 논의되었다면, 이 글은 사전 등재어를 대상으로 한 표현론적 접근의 연구 가능성을 조명한 점에서 의의를 확인할 수 있다.

Since synonyms are multiple words that express a referent, synonyms are the result of dynamically reflecting the process of word formation in which naming speakers are actively involved. Therefore, the study of observing what morphological procedures each word is composed of through comparison between synonyms, and analyzing the conceptualization of salient features focused on target objects is a remarkable research topic in word formation. This paper is aimed at analyzing the concept and formal characteristics of dynamically realized synonyms in the Urimalsaem dictionary. By focusing on the expression process that is motivated by naming rather than the resultant status of synonyms, we intend to emphasize the word formation based on the step-by-step procedure of ‘target object(referent) → concept → language(symbol)’. Existing studies on word formation in the onomasiological approach have been discussed focusing on nonce words or unregistered words collected immediately. However, this paper is significant in that it discusses the possibility of researching an onomasiological approach to dictionary-listed words.

65

BCC 코퍼스를 기반으로 한 중국어 동의어 ‘一定’과 ‘肯定’분석

최향란, 박흥수

[NRF 연계] 한국중국언어학회 중국언어연구 Vol.100 2022.06 pp.31-52

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

원문보기

본 논문은 외국어로서 중국어 교육에 초점을 두고, BCC 코퍼스를 활용하는 코퍼스 언어학적 분석법으로 중국어 부사 동의어 ‘一定’과 ‘肯定’의 용법 차이를 밝히는 데에 목적을 두었다. 분석 방법으로는 출현 빈도, 어휘적 연어 관계(collocation)와 통사적 연어 관계(colligation), 의미운율(prosody) 등이 있는데, 이러한 분석 결과로 해당 동의어의 문체적 차이와 문장에서의 위치 차이, 자주 호응하는 단어와 관용표현 등 외국인 학습자에게 꼭 필요한 구체적인 지도 자료를 도출했다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구 결과가 향후 중국어 동의어 교육 및 연구에 조금이나마 참고가 되길 바란다.

66

BCCWJ를 활용한 유의어 분석-話す・喋る의 구분을 예로-

강경완

[NRF 연계] 한국일어일문학회 일어일문학연구 Vol.90 No.1 2014.08 pp.3-20

...synonym. There is a distinct differencebetween the two words in frequency, style, collocation is as in the following. (1) It is extracted that 22434 examples of HANASU(83.6%) and 4385examples of SHABERU(16.4%) by lexeme search. This evidence suggeststhat HANASU is used five times more than SHABERU in modern japanese. (2) HANASU, SHABERU have the similar stylistic tendency of being usedin books and web text. The two words share a common character that is neverused in law text, and SHABERU is nonexistent in a white paper. WhileHANASU is used much in public relations magazines and textbook, SHABERUis rare. (3) HANASU is used semantically to explain a situation?details, circumstances? reasons or to mention mentality or talk about experiences. On the other handSHABERU is used to talk about unnecessary, trivial, absurd details which haveunclear meanings from listener`s judge or to disclose secret which should notbe known to others or private details. The meaning of using a language ordialect is common to two words.

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원문보기

本稿では、頻度、文体、共起連語(collocation)という3つの分析ツールを用い、類義語記述においては、均衡コーパスを利用する方法が非常に効果的であるということを、「話す」と「喋る」を例に具体的に検討した。両単語の頻度・文体・意味的な違いはつぎのとおりである。(1)語彙素検索で「話す」22,436例(83.6%)、「喋る」4,385例(16.4%)が抽出されたことから、現代日本語の書き言葉においては、「話す」が「喋る」の5倍以上使われることが分かる。(2)「話す」と「喋る」は書籍とウェブテキストで多用されるという類似し* 국민대학교 교양대학 조교수, 어휘・의미론/코퍼스언어학4 日語日文學研究 제90집た文体的傾向がある。両単語共に法律での使用はなく、「喋る」は白書での使用も全くない。一方、広報紙と教科書で「話す」が多用されるのと対照的に「喋る」を使うことはめったにない。(3)意味的にみれば、「話す」は状況・経緯、事情・理由を説明したり、心理状態を言及する場合、または、体験を語るときに使う。これに対して、「喋る」は、(聞き手からして)余計な, くだらない, 途方もない, つまらない, 意味不明なこと、或は、多言されては困る秘密や私的なことを口外するときに使う。言語や方言を駆使するという意味は両単語に共通する。

Using words HANASU, SHABERU as an example, and using three analysisframework of frequency, style, and collocation, I asserted that balanced corpusis the effective tool in the description of synonym. There is a distinct differencebetween the two words in frequency, style, collocation is as in the following. (1) It is extracted that 22434 examples of HANASU(83.6%) and 4385examples of SHABERU(16.4%) by lexeme search. This evidence suggeststhat HANASU is used five times more than SHABERU in modern japanese. (2) HANASU, SHABERU have the similar stylistic tendency of being usedin books and web text. The two words share a common character that is neverused in law text, and SHABERU is nonexistent in a white paper. WhileHANASU is used much in public relations magazines and textbook, SHABERUis rare. (3) HANASU is used semantically to explain a situation?details, circumstances? reasons or to mention mentality or talk about experiences. On the other handSHABERU is used to talk about unnecessary, trivial, absurd details which haveunclear meanings from listener`s judge or to disclose secret which should notbe known to others or private details. The meaning of using a language ordialect is common to two words.

67

日本書紀の漢字類義語に関する研究 - 尊称を中心に-

박미현

[NRF 연계] 일본어문학회 일본어문학 Vol.66 2014.08 pp.45-62

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원문보기

本稿は尊称を対象に記事と巻に注目し日本書紀の漢字類義字の一面を考察したものである。本稿では日本的な使い方に注目し、使い方の基準を 「尊」「命」とみて神代では徹底している使い分けが全巻を通じてい見られるのか考察し、必ずしもそうではないことを述べた。特に巻22~巻30に用いられている「尊」は他の巻の用い方とは少し異なる傾向がある。それは実際後に天皇になるものには用いられず、天皇になれなかったものや、天皇であっても、後の天皇ではなく、前代の天皇に用いられていることである。つまり使い方に変化が見られるわけである。「命」については天皇の母であることが優先されており、これは神代における使い方と異なる。そして巻14からは「命」が系譜記事には見られずに、非系譜記事にしか見られないことを指摘し、系譜記事では律令制の「皇后」が用いられていることと関連づけた。尊称の重複から「尊」「命」の使い分けは日本書紀の編纂の最終段階で行われた可能性がある。「姫」「媛」については上代書記文献や漢籍との比較から両字が日本的であること、また「姫王」が日本書紀独特の用字であることを述べた。

68

말뭉치 자료를 이용한 유의어의 역사적 변화 양상 분석-‘놓다’와 ‘두다’를 중심으로-

이민우

[NRF 연계] 한말연구학회 한말연구 Vol.34 2014.06 pp.235-264

...synonymy has changed. With regard to the aspects of their semantic use in history, the two verbs went through polysemic division in their own area; however, in the process of polysemization, it has been found that their synonymic meaning did influence each other’s polysemy, too. While ‘not-’ was mainly used in the concrete area in the past, ‘du-’ was more often used in the area that was more abstract. Later, as ‘not-’ was being differentiated into a more abstract and diverse semantic area, it was grammaticalized into the area of an auxiliary verb or functional verb. And as the border between its previous meanings became clearer, more of the cases got fixed as a particular register. Unlike this, ‘du-’ maintained its lexical use in the abstract area; however, as the area of its use was relatively more flexible than that of ‘not-’, many of the cases could not establish any clear border of meaning. The changes in the meaning of ‘not-’ and ‘duda’ show dynamic aspects as associated with individual semantic difference and the changes of use in history. It is expected that in the future, this kind of research will concretely as well as practically verify that language changes dynamically within the dynamic structure of organically correlated various components.

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원문보기

This study aims to trace the aspects of using verbs, ‘not-’ and ‘du-’, in history through corpus analysis in each period from the 15th to 20th century and figure out how the use of the words in synonymy has changed. With regard to the aspects of their semantic use in history, the two verbs went through polysemic division in their own area; however, in the process of polysemization, it has been found that their synonymic meaning did influence each other’s polysemy, too. While ‘not-’ was mainly used in the concrete area in the past, ‘du-’ was more often used in the area that was more abstract. Later, as ‘not-’ was being differentiated into a more abstract and diverse semantic area, it was grammaticalized into the area of an auxiliary verb or functional verb. And as the border between its previous meanings became clearer, more of the cases got fixed as a particular register. Unlike this, ‘du-’ maintained its lexical use in the abstract area; however, as the area of its use was relatively more flexible than that of ‘not-’, many of the cases could not establish any clear border of meaning. The changes in the meaning of ‘not-’ and ‘duda’ show dynamic aspects as associated with individual semantic difference and the changes of use in history. It is expected that in the future, this kind of research will concretely as well as practically verify that language changes dynamically within the dynamic structure of organically correlated various components.

69

균형코퍼스를 이용한 유의어 분석 - 取り消し・キャンセル・解約를 예로 -

강경완

[NRF 연계] 일본어문학회 일본어문학 Vol.65 2014.05 pp.1-20

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원문보기

「取り消し」「キャンセル」「解約」を例に類義語記述において均衡コーパスを用いることが効果的であるということを母語話者の使用意識と辞書的意味との比較を通して検討した。BCCWJに現れた使用頻度、コロケーションとテクストの種類に注目した用例調査の結果、次のような類義語間の違いが分かった。(1)母語話者の使用意向においては、「キャンセル」が「取り消し」「解約」 に比べて使いたいという意識が最も高く、「取り消し」と「解約」の間には明確な差がなかった。しかし、頻度においては「取り消し」>「キャンセル」> 「解約」の結果になり、使用実態は使用意向と一致しなかった。これに対して理解用意性においては、「取り消し」>「キャンセル」>「解約」の順番で意識(使用意向)と頻度(使用実態)が一致した。(2)使用テクストにおいては、「取り消し」の場合、法律(>ウェブ>書籍) で「キャンセル」「解約」はウェブ(>書籍>雑誌>広報誌)で最も良く使われる。意味においては、「取り消し」の場合、典型的には「指定」「登録」などの法律行為を対象にしており、周辺的には「入札」「出品」などの競売行為を対象にする。辞書的意味の「過去に言及したこと」は用例が非常に少ない。「キャンセル」は「取引」「入札」等の商行為を対象にするのが目立っており、「予定や約束」を対象にすることもある。「解約」は辞書的意味の契約(「契約」「保険」「預金」)と賃貸借(「賃貸借」)が対象のほとんどを占めている。

70

‘수(数)’범주 유의어의 이항대립과 형태소 분석- ‘개체’와 ‘개별’의 이항대립을 중심으로 -

김정필

[NRF 연계] 한국중국언어학회 중국언어연구 Vol.49 2013.12 pp.1-24

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원문보기

为了适应教学的需求,本文以二元对立的方式来考察了表示‘数’范畴的汉语同义词。首先从‘个体’和‘个别’这两个词汇的意义范畴来考察了它们之间的二元对立,接着把‘个体’和‘个别’的意义范畴应用于复数之中。第二章对‘个体’和‘个别’这两个概念范畴进行了脸谱化(公式化), 以此来考察这两个概念范畴的剪影(轮廓)。第三章通过单数单音节词汇‘各’和‘每’来考察并归纳出‘个体’和‘个别’的关系,紧接着又通过单音节词汇‘全’和‘都’来考察了‘个体’和‘个别’的联系。第四章考察了双音节词汇‘个体’和‘个别’的相互联系,并通过句子功能所表现出来的主观因素和语用因素来补充说明各个同义词的外在意义。

71

일본어의 同義語에 관한 一考察 ―한국인 일본어 학습자를 위하여―

윤상실

[NRF 연계] 한국일어일문학회 일어일문학연구 Vol.72 No.1 2010.02 pp.219-235

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本稿は「同義語」を「出だし語と異なる外容を持ちながら、内容(語義)が同じである語」と規定し、日本語の同義語の用法と構造を体系的に把握することを試みたものである。同義語は出だし語に置き換えられる関係に立つが、両語は別の語である以上、当然その語感、ニュアンスに違いが生じる。ゆえに、置き換えると不適切、不自然な表現になる場合もある。同義語を体系的に捉えるためには、以下の5類の類型を立てるのが有効であることを明らかにした。 (1) 1類 (語種の違いによる同義語)「手紙=書簡」は「和語-漢語」、「機会=チャンス」は「漢語-外来語」、「打ち合わせ=ミーティング」は「和語-外来語」、「海外旅行-海外ツアー」(漢語-混種語)の対で同義語を構成する。(2) 2類 (文体的違いによる同義語)「本=書籍/書物」、「休む=憩う」、「自転車=ちゃりんこ」のように、日常的に使われる語(口語)に対して、書き言葉(文語)、雅語、俗語としての同義語を構成する。(3) 3類 (位相の違いによる同義語)「わたし=あたし」、「カメラ=写真機」、「捨てる=(ゴミを)投げる」はそれぞれ中立的な語に対しての女性語、老人語、標準語に対しての北海道方言で、性別・年齢・地域などの位相の違いによる同義語を構成する。(4) 4類 (略語・通称)「活動就活=就職」のような略語、「内閣総理大臣=首相」のような通称で同義語を構成する。(5) 五類 (その他)他に、「死ぬ=亡くなる」のような婉曲表現と、「怒る/立腹する=腹を立てる」のような慣用句で同義語を構成する場合もある。

72

韓國 日本語 學習者의 類義語 使用 實態에 對하여

辛 碩 基

[NRF 연계] 한국일본문화학회 日本文化學報 Vol.28 2006.02 pp.131-145

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73

한국산 가시납지리 Acanthorhodeus gracilis(Pisces: Cyprinidae), Acheilognathus chankaensis의 동종이명

김형수, 김익수

[Kisti 연계] 한국어류학회 Korean journal of Ichthyology Vol.21 No.1 2009 pp.55-60

...synonym으로 변경하였다. 한국산 Acheilognathus속 어류 9종의 종 검색표를 제시하였다.

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한국산 가시납지리 Acanthorhodeus gracilis는 Regan에 의해 1908년 처음으로 기재되었으나 Dybowski가 1872년 기재한 Acheilognathus chankaensis와 비교한 결과 등지느러미 기조수(12~14개), 뒷느러미 기조수(10~11개), 측선린수(35~36개) 등 외부형태 형질이 매우 유사하였다. 따라서 본 조사에서 관찰한 표본과 원기재를 바탕으로 비교 조사한 결과 Acanthorhodeus속의 주요특징은 Acheilognathus속에 포함되어 기존의 Acanthorhodeus gracilis를 Acheilognathus chankaensis의 junior synonym으로 변경하였다. 한국산 Acheilognathus속 어류 9종의 종 검색표를 제시하였다.

Korean bitterling Acanthorhodeus gracilis Regan, 1908 is very similar to Acheilognathus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872) having 12~14 dorsal fin rays, 10~11 anal fin rays and 35~36 lateral line scales. By analyzing these specimens and original descriptions, diagnostic characteristics of the genus Acanthorhodeus were included in the genus Acheilognathus and Acanthorhodeus gracilis was defined as a junior synonym of Acheilognathus chankaensis. The provisional keys are provided for identifying the nine species of Acheilognathus from Korea.

74

사자(四字) 구성으로 살펴본 『훈몽자회』의 유의어 분류 체계 연구

김양진

[NRF 연계] 민족어문학회 어문논집 Vol.93 2021.12 pp.247-276

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본고에서는 사자(四字) 구성으로 이루어진 『훈몽자회』의 어휘들이 근원적인 의미로부터 비근원적인 의미, 상의어로부터 하의어, 전체어로부터 부분어, 전형어로부터 주변어로 반영되는 양상을 구체적으로 살펴보고 이를 동양의 전통적 학문 기반으로부터 재해석하여 현대적 어법에 맞게 풀이함으로써 과거의 전통을 현재에 이어 새로운 학문으로 연계하는 지식 체계를 갖추고자 한다. 『훈몽자회』 속 사자(四字) 구성을 중심으로, 기존 논의에서 다루어온 공부류어(co-taxonymy) 개념이나 상의어, 전체어, 전형어(prototype word)가 먼저 오고 하의어, 부분어(partonym 또는 meronym), 주변어 등의 관계 개념을 적극적으로 활용하고 『훈몽자회』 사자(四字) 구성 속의 1자어, 2자어 간의 유의 관계를 정리하여 16세기 전통 시대의 유의어 분류 체계를 정리함으로써 현대적 관점에서의 유의 체계(synonemal system)와의 차별성을 부각시켰다.

75

日本語 類義語 硏究 – 漢語ㆍ外來語 페어 [試験-テスト]를 중심으로 –

신석기

[NRF 연계] 계명대학교 인문과학연구소 동서인문학 Vol.61 2021.08 pp.157-187

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원문보기

본고는 일본어에서 사용되고 있는 어종 중에서, 서로의 의미영역이 겹치는 “漢語와 外來語” 類義語 페어 중 “試験-テスト”를 대상으로 형태적, 통어적, 의미적 공통점과 차이점을 코퍼스와 같은 대량의 데이터 처리에 근거하여 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 한 걸음 더 나아가, 이들 요소에 미치는 비언어적 요인 분석 또한 통계적 기법을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 형태론적 고찰을 위해 대표적인 균형 코퍼스인 [현대일본어글말균형코퍼스(現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス, BCCWJ]의 [추나곤(中納言)] 검색 툴을 사용하였고, 또한 문체의 차이에 의한 용법 및 의미 차이의 고찰을 위해 [현대일본어입말균형코퍼스(現代日本語話し言葉均衡コーパス), CSJ]도 병행하여 살펴보았다. 우선, 형태론적인 측면에서는, 단순 출현 빈도수에서는 모집단과의 상대적 비율을 기준으로 ‘試験’보다는 ‘テスト’가 CSJ에서 3배 정도 많은 빈도수를 보였다. 구어체의 문장에서 ‘テスト’를 더 많이 사용한다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 전항과 후항에 나타나는 명사와의 결합 양상을 살펴보면, ‘テスト’보다는 ‘試験’이 전항과 후항의 다른 명사와 높은 비율로 결합하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 원래 ‘漢語’가 가지고 있는 강한 조어력과 결합력에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 본 고의 작성 계기가 된 ‘中間’, ‘期末’과의 공기 관계를 살펴본 결과, ‘テスト’ 쪽이 ‘試験’보다 더 많이 결합하는 것을 알 수 있었고, 연구대상 어휘들의 사전적 의미와는 다른 양상을 보였다고 할 수 있다. 다음으로 의미론적 측면에서 살펴본 결과, ‘テスト’의 경우는 전항 공기 명사의 의미 분야가 “관계”, “활동”이 비슷하게 분포하였지만, ‘試験’의 경우는 압도적으로 “활동”의 의미 분야가 많은 것을 알 수 있었고, 의미적인 면에서도 ‘試験’과 ‘テスト’는 그 의미 분야가 상이하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 비언어적 요소와 ‘テスト’, ‘試験’과의 상관관계를 살펴보고자, SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 키워드와 각 변인과의 관계성, 인자의 유의미성을 살펴본 결과, ‘성별’, ‘연령대’, ‘탄생연대’ 인자 중, ‘성별’과는 관계성이 인정되지 않으며, ‘연령대’, ‘탄생연대’ 즉 ‘나이’와는 통계적으로 깊은 상관관계를 보이고 있다. 기존에 지적돼 왔던 젊은 층의 外來語 사용 경향을 통계적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

76

한국어 동의문 쓰기 교육 내용과 지도방안에 관한 연구

서월아

[NRF 연계] 인문사회21 인문사회21 Vol.12 No.3 2021.06 pp.1153-1166

...synonym writing and to develop the Korean writing ability effectively. In order to achieve this purpose we adopted a process-centered teaching method that is useful to teach the foreign students a grammatical and pragmatic synonym writing. As a result of the contents and method applied, we saw that the learners could develop their ability to understand the subjects clearly and to describe them creatively. Especially the teaching method was improved to be a device to maximize the synonym writing effect at every step. Synonym writing gave a great help for a integrated thinking and a practical writing by the suggested example or context. However we strongly hope to develop the various kinds of textbooks and to accumulate a lot of contents for the synonym writing for the future.

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본 연구는 외국인 학습자를 위한 한국어 동의문 쓰기의 교육내용을 제시하고 이를 지도하기 위한 방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이러한 목적을 이루기 위해서 과정 중심 교수법을 도입하여 동의문의 분류를 문법적 동의문과 화용적 동의문으로 구별하여 쓰기 교육의 효과를 점검하였다. 결과적으로 주제나 문건의 내용을 명료화하게 이해할 수 있었고, 창의적으로 기술을 할 수 있는 능력이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 과정 중심 교수법은 동의문 쓰기의 각 단계마다 학습효과를 극대화할 수 있는 교수법임을 입증하였으며, 동의문 쓰기는 통합적 사고력을 향상시켜 의사소통을 위한 학습 방안으로서 제시문이나 주어진 텍스트를 토대로 효과적으로 각종 문서 작성에 기여할 수 있었다. 추후 연구에서는 동의문 쓰기의 내용을 포함하고 있는 교재와 동의문 쓰기 내용에 대한 충분한 연구를 제안하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to provide the contents for the Korean synonym writing and to develop the Korean writing ability effectively. In order to achieve this purpose we adopted a process-centered teaching method that is useful to teach the foreign students a grammatical and pragmatic synonym writing. As a result of the contents and method applied, we saw that the learners could develop their ability to understand the subjects clearly and to describe them creatively. Especially the teaching method was improved to be a device to maximize the synonym writing effect at every step. Synonym writing gave a great help for a integrated thinking and a practical writing by the suggested example or context. However we strongly hope to develop the various kinds of textbooks and to accumulate a lot of contents for the synonym writing for the future.

77

유의어 ‘本来’,‘原来’에 관한 인지적 분석

이운재

[NRF 연계] 중국어문학회 중국어문학지 Vol.66 2019.03 pp.209-226

...synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ as the research object, respectively, from the syntax, semantics and cognitive linguistics that describes and discusses, analyzing their simliarites and differences. This article is focused on synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ have their own meanings, while some have their own meanings. In theory, synonyms have the same meaning and can be replaced in context, and the more frequently used side becomes the basic meaning. In this sense, ‘Benlai’ is regarded as the basic meaning, and ‘Yuanlai’ is considered the basic meaning of change. When synonym ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ are used as adjectives, even if the same central noun are modelled, ‘Benlai’ is used as modifier, as shown by differences in the meaning of the sentence, while ‘Yuanlai’ is used as modifier the central noun is characterized by change. This can also be seen ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ are used as adverbs. In a basic sense, extended ‘Benlai’ means that it should be logically done, which implies the subjective viewpoint of the speaker. ‘Yuanlai’ extends to subjectivity, which are much more powerful than the subjectivity of ‘Benlai’ and events led by the speaker are vividly expressed to express surprise and unexpected. Synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ have essentially ‘past’, but can be used respectively in permanent attributes or sentences aimed at change, which cause a difference in subjectivity from cognitive perspective.

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This is paper, a group of synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ as the research object, respectively, from the syntax, semantics and cognitive linguistics that describes and discusses, analyzing their simliarites and differences. This article is focused on synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ have their own meanings, while some have their own meanings. In theory, synonyms have the same meaning and can be replaced in context, and the more frequently used side becomes the basic meaning. In this sense, ‘Benlai’ is regarded as the basic meaning, and ‘Yuanlai’ is considered the basic meaning of change. When synonym ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ are used as adjectives, even if the same central noun are modelled, ‘Benlai’ is used as modifier, as shown by differences in the meaning of the sentence, while ‘Yuanlai’ is used as modifier the central noun is characterized by change. This can also be seen ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ are used as adverbs. In a basic sense, extended ‘Benlai’ means that it should be logically done, which implies the subjective viewpoint of the speaker. ‘Yuanlai’ extends to subjectivity, which are much more powerful than the subjectivity of ‘Benlai’ and events led by the speaker are vividly expressed to express surprise and unexpected. Synonyms ‘Benlai’ and ‘Yuanlai’ have essentially ‘past’, but can be used respectively in permanent attributes or sentences aimed at change, which cause a difference in subjectivity from cognitive perspective.

78

韓国人日本語学習者が間違えやすい類義語について - 「정신」の日本語訳を中心に -

최종훈

[NRF 연계] 한국일어일문학회 일어일문학연구 Vol.96 No.1 2016.02 pp.247-264

...synonyms in Japanese, and ③ that it can be found that 「jeongsin」must be liberally translated into other words in some examples in the case of the translation of 「jeongsin」into 「seisin」. Because of such a reason, it can be thought that careful attention should be paid when Japanese learners who use Korean as the native language translate 「jeongsin」into Japanese owing to lots of difficulties in translation.

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본고에서는 한국어를 모어로 하는 일본어학습자를 대상으로 하는 교육현장에서 한자어를 공유하고 있기 때문에 틀리기 쉬운 한자어 중에서, 한국어 내에서 사용빈도가 높기 때문에 오역이 많은 ‘정신’의 일본어역에 관하여 고찰했다. 고찰결과,①「정신」의 의미특징은 일본어의 「精神」보다 상당히 넓기 때문에「精神」「気」「意識」 등의 의미특징과 대응하고 있다는 것, ②「精神」「気」「意識」는 일본어 내에서 유의관계에 있기 때문에 그 의미특징과 용법 등에 있어서 미묘한 차이가 생긴다는 것, ③「정신」이 「精神」으로 번역되는 경우도 일부의 용례에서는 다른 단어로 의역해야 하는 것 등을 알았다. 이러한 이유로, 한국어를 모어로 하는 일본어학습자가「정신」을 일본어역할 때는 세심한 주의가 필요하다고 생각한다. 본고의 연구결과가 교육현장에서 이러한 어려움을 다소나마 해결해 줄 수 있지 않을까 기대해 본다.

This paper is to study the translation of 「jeongsin」 into Japanese which causes lots of mistakes in translation because it is frequently used in the Korean language among mistakable Chinese characters since Japanese learners who use Korean as the native language share Chinese characters in educational institutions. The result of the research shows ① that the characters of meanings of 「jeongsin」correspond to 「seisin」「ki」「isiki」etc. because it has more extensive meanings than Japanese 「seisin」, ② that there occurs a subtle difference in their meanings and uses etc. since「seisin」,「ki」, and「isiki」are synonyms in Japanese, and ③ that it can be found that 「jeongsin」must be liberally translated into other words in some examples in the case of the translation of 「jeongsin」into 「seisin」. Because of such a reason, it can be thought that careful attention should be paid when Japanese learners who use Korean as the native language translate 「jeongsin」into Japanese owing to lots of difficulties in translation.

79

현대 중국어 유의어 ‘愿意’와 ‘希望’의 비교분석

홍연옥

[NRF 연계] 한국중국어문학회 중국문학 Vol.83 2015.05 pp.301-322

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‘愿意’와 ‘希望’의 사전적 의미는 모두 ‘희망하다’, ‘바라다’이기 때문에 한국인 학습자는 ‘愿意’와 ‘希望’을 자유롭게 교체하여 사용할 수 있는 단어로 생각하기 쉽다. 본고의 HSK 작문 오류 조사에 따르면 한국인 학습자는 ‘愿意’와 ‘希望’의 사용에 있어서 ‘愿意’가 사용되는 환경에 대해서 더 이해가 부족하며, 대부분 ‘대치’의 오류를 범하고 있었다. 따라서 본고에서는 ‘愿意’와 ‘希望’의 통사적, 화용적 특징을 고찰하고, 두 단어의 의미 차이를 틀의미론을 적용하여 설명하였다.

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80

≪幽明錄≫單音節名詞同義詞群考察

이점평, Li, ZhanPing

[NRF 연계] 동아인문학회 동아인문학 Vol.26 2013.12 pp.333-362

...synonyms. After observation and study, we found that 51 groups succeeded to ancient times, 3 groups appeared in mid-ancient and 1 group came from ancient times with subtle changes.Study on words of classic books is important and practical .By means of this kind of study,we can know Vocabulary features and the changes of a specific period of time.

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中古漢語的研究是漢語史研究的重要部分。≪幽明錄≫是中古時期具有代表性的著作之一。根據發音不同、詞性相同及至少有一個義位相同等三個條件,我們對≪幽明錄≫中單音節名詞中的同義詞進行了整理研究。共計歸納出55組同義詞群。通過考釋分析發現,其中有51組同義關係繼承於上古時期,三組同義關係是在中古時期形成的,一組同義關係雖然來源於上古時期,但是發生了細微的變化。通過這種研究,我們可以對中古時期部分詞的詞義特點及變化有一定的瞭解。

YouMlingLu is an important works of mid-ancient Chinese language.On the basis of the same sememe,different pronunciation and same the characteristic,we concluded 55 groups monosyllabic noun synonyms. After observation and study, we found that 51 groups succeeded to ancient times, 3 groups appeared in mid-ancient and 1 group came from ancient times with subtle changes.Study on words of classic books is important and practical .By means of this kind of study,we can know Vocabulary features and the changes of a specific period of time.

 
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