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981

甲骨文 “于”字 介詞 用法 考(1) - 處所介詞 용법을 중심으로

양만기

[NRF 연계] 중국인문학회 중국인문과학 Vol.28 2004.06 pp.1-26

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

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根据本文中对殷商甲骨文"于"字处所介■用法的分析,归■■果,可■述如下: 依照"于"字的■法意义可分为二。(一) "于"字可引介■作行为到达的处所。"于"字引介处所名■、方位名■所構成的"于"字■構,都位于■■■■之后,作■■。此■介■相当于今■"到"。句中■■■■主要"步","往","田","入","出","来"等移■意义■明显的■■来充任。而且句中有"往来亡灾"一■,更显示出介■"于"的■■是施■者由■作而到达的处所或方位。或由"在X■:VP于X"句式中亦可知道此点。或由同板卜辞中■续占卜,而指出将前往移■的地名,从中亦可确定此■用法。 一些学者多■为"出于X"句式中的"于X"是表示■作行为的出■点。因此说"于"字有引介■作行为的出■点的用法。本文从"出"字的■义、用法和其他相关卜辞中證明出■种看法是不正确的。介■"于"字引介■作行为出■点的用法,在甲、金文中尚未出■。≪尚■≫中始■,但其例仍为少数。 "于"字引介■作行为到达处时,"于"字可以省略。其"■于■"句式■为"■■"句式。二者意义大致相同。 (二) "于"字可引介■作行为■生或■行的处所。 "于"字引介处所名■、方位名■或指示代■所構成的"于"字■構,位于■■■■前后,作狀■或■■。 但在前者为多。 此■介■相当于今■"在"。句中■■■■主要由祭祀■■、征伐■■、田猎■■、■事■■等来充任。此■用法中"于"字不得省略。 其原因或是■法上的模糊所致,故当时不■■作行为■生或■行的处所名■之前省略"于"字之例。

982

유관순 전기문(집)의 분석과 새로운 전기문 구상

김기창

[NRF 연계] 한국국어교육학회 새국어교육 Vol.66 2003.12 pp.295-347

...Yu Gwan-soon, the patriot, be placed in the Korean language textbook. Through the analysis of the biography of Yu Gwan-soon found in the Korean language textbook of the primary schools and about 50 different biographies of Yu Gwan-soon published thust far, I found some incorrect and untrue facts and an exaggerated superhuman nature of Yu Gwan-soon. Taking this into consideration, I felt we need to publish a correct biography of Yu Gwan-soon based on the true fact. For that purpose, I tried to clarify the life of Yu Gwan-soon as it is by reviewing various related records, hearing evidence from friends and relatives, and doing some fieldwork (about her family and birth, school life and activities in Seoul and at home, her life in prison and death, etc.), and presented them as fundamental material for the writing of her biography. I also presented a new direction for the writing of the biography suggesting that it sould portray tha person with a human touch and in pursuit of the probable, not as an object of achieving a great work or a superhuman.

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전기문의 특성을 통해 국어교육에서 전기문의 교육적 의의를 살펴보고, 구국소녀 유관순을 국어 교과서 수록에 적합한 인물로 판단하였다. 그 동안 초등학교 국어 교과서에 수록된 유관순 전기문과 지금까지 발간된 50여 종의 유관순 전기집을 분석해 본 결과, 사실과 다른, 내용의 오류가 많이 발견되었고, 인물의 초인성이 강조된 면이 보였다. 이에 바르고 정확한 유관순 전기 발간의 필요성을 느끼고, 각종 관련 기록물의 검토, 관련 인사들의 증언 청취, 현장 탐방 등의 방법으로 유관순의 생애(가문과 출생, 학창 생활 및 귀향활동, 옥중 생활과 순국 등)를 가능한 한 사실대로 밝혀 전기의 기본 자료로 삼고자 하였다. 그리고 전기문에서는 대상 인물의 화려한 위업이나 초인성보다는 인간미가 느껴지는, 가능성 추구의 대상으로 인간상을 그려야 된다는 전기 저술의 방향을 제시하였다.

After considering the educational significance of biographies in the curriculum of the Korean language teaching, I judged that Yu Gwan-soon, the patriot, be placed in the Korean language textbook. Through the analysis of the biography of Yu Gwan-soon found in the Korean language textbook of the primary schools and about 50 different biographies of Yu Gwan-soon published thust far, I found some incorrect and untrue facts and an exaggerated superhuman nature of Yu Gwan-soon. Taking this into consideration, I felt we need to publish a correct biography of Yu Gwan-soon based on the true fact. For that purpose, I tried to clarify the life of Yu Gwan-soon as it is by reviewing various related records, hearing evidence from friends and relatives, and doing some fieldwork (about her family and birth, school life and activities in Seoul and at home, her life in prison and death, etc.), and presented them as fundamental material for the writing of her biography. I also presented a new direction for the writing of the biography suggesting that it sould portray tha person with a human touch and in pursuit of the probable, not as an object of achieving a great work or a superhuman.

983

中唐 寓言의 장르 分化 硏究 - 柳宗元 寓言文을 中心으로

南哲鎭

[NRF 연계] 중국어문학연구회 중국어문학논집 Vol.20 2002.06 pp.497-522

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

984

<江都夢遊錄> 연구

조혜란

[NRF 연계] 한국고소설학회 고소설연구 Vol.11 2001.06 pp.329-356

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

985

유치환에 있어서 허무와 의지

오세영

[NRF 연계] 한국시학회 한국시학연구 Vol.2 1999.11 pp.224-251

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

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986

조선 후기 勿齋 兪晦一의 勿淄 은거와 士林의 추모

이상균

[NRF 연계] 경상대학교 경남문화연구원 남명학연구소 남명학연구 Vol.86 2026.03 pp.181-210

...Yu Hoe-il(兪晦一) was a Neo-Confucian scholar from Yeongpyeong County(永平縣) in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was a disciple of Park Se-chae(朴世采) and belonged to the Western people(西人), and never held an official position throughout his life. When the Western people split into Noron(老論) and Solon(少論), they followed Park Se-chae and belonged to Solon. In 1674, when Song Si-yeol was ousted from power in a political battle, he criticized the opposing faction, Yun hyu(尹鑴). After that, he gave up the civil service examination and hid in mulchi(勿淄), where Song Si-yeol stayed for a while, for about two years. Because mulch is where Song Si-yeol experienced mysterious things. Even though he left Mulchi to care for his aging parents, he continued to respect Park Se-chae and Song Si-yeol. He had a very deep sense of filial piety. He died in 1691 while guarding his dead father's grave despite being ill. Although he belonged to Solon, he remained loyal to Song Si-yeol until the end. When he died, both Noron and Solon mourned and paid tribute to him. After his death, local scholars built Hyanghyeonsa on the site of his house. And the country awards him a grand award in recognition of his filial piety. When Hyanghyeonsa was demolished, zeolite was built in its place. Local scholars and provincial officials commemorated Yu Hui-il. On the one hand, he wanted to show his pride in inheriting the learning of Song Si-yeol, the leader of the Noron clan, through Yu Hoe-il. Song Si-yeol was intended to show that he was the greatest person among Western people.

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

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Yu Hoe-il(兪晦一) was a Neo-Confucian scholar from Yeongpyeong County(永平縣) in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was a disciple of Park Se-chae(朴世采) and belonged to the Western people(西人), and never held an official position throughout his life. When the Western people split into Noron(老論) and Solon(少論), they followed Park Se-chae and belonged to Solon. In 1674, when Song Si-yeol was ousted from power in a political battle, he criticized the opposing faction, Yun hyu(尹鑴). After that, he gave up the civil service examination and hid in mulchi(勿淄), where Song Si-yeol stayed for a while, for about two years. Because mulch is where Song Si-yeol experienced mysterious things. Even though he left Mulchi to care for his aging parents, he continued to respect Park Se-chae and Song Si-yeol. He had a very deep sense of filial piety. He died in 1691 while guarding his dead father's grave despite being ill. Although he belonged to Solon, he remained loyal to Song Si-yeol until the end. When he died, both Noron and Solon mourned and paid tribute to him. After his death, local scholars built Hyanghyeonsa on the site of his house. And the country awards him a grand award in recognition of his filial piety. When Hyanghyeonsa was demolished, zeolite was built in its place. Local scholars and provincial officials commemorated Yu Hui-il. On the one hand, he wanted to show his pride in inheriting the learning of Song Si-yeol, the leader of the Noron clan, through Yu Hoe-il. Song Si-yeol was intended to show that he was the greatest person among Western people.

987

九虞祭의 施行과 意義: 宋代 皇帝喪葬儀禮의 葬後 儀禮

김성규

[NRF 연계] 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 역사문화연구 Vol.97 2026.02 pp.155-184

...yuji (Nine Yu Rites), one of the post-burial rituals in the imperial funeral ceremonies of the Song dynasty. While there were opinions within the Song dynasty that these rites should emulate the ancient rituals (guli) of the pre-Qin period, ultimately, due to the differing conditions between past and present times, the court determined it was inappropriate to fully adopt them. Instead, the Song introduced an independent form of the rites by implementing, for the first time, a "midway yu rite" (途中虞祭). According to the findings of this paper, the tuzhong yuji(途中虞祭) was first initiated during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong(眞宗) of the Northern Song. Prior to this, including the Tang, Five Dynasties, and early Song periods, the jiuyuji had not included this element and were conducted only through “hall-based yu rites” (殿中虞祭). The introduction of the tuzhong rite reflects the belief that appeasement of the deceased’s spirit must not be delayed even for a single day after burial. Although the results of this study reveal that the Song’s jiuyuji did not always follow consistent principles between tuzhong and dianzhong rites, and variations existed depending on the period, it is nonetheless evident that from the reign of Emperor Zhenzong onward, a dual system that combined both was consistently maintained throughout the dynasty. This was unprecedented in earlier times. While the Song did not adopt the ancient ritual forms in their original structure, it is clear that the dynasty consistently referenced the guli and sought to reinterpret the imperial funeral rites through comparison with them. This reflects the fact that the ancient rituals continued to serve as a powerful normative standard for ritual design among Song people.

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This study analyzes the characteristics and significance of the Jiuyuji (Nine Yu Rites), one of the post-burial rituals in the imperial funeral ceremonies of the Song dynasty. While there were opinions within the Song dynasty that these rites should emulate the ancient rituals (guli) of the pre-Qin period, ultimately, due to the differing conditions between past and present times, the court determined it was inappropriate to fully adopt them. Instead, the Song introduced an independent form of the rites by implementing, for the first time, a "midway yu rite" (途中虞祭). According to the findings of this paper, the tuzhong yuji(途中虞祭) was first initiated during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong(眞宗) of the Northern Song. Prior to this, including the Tang, Five Dynasties, and early Song periods, the jiuyuji had not included this element and were conducted only through “hall-based yu rites” (殿中虞祭). The introduction of the tuzhong rite reflects the belief that appeasement of the deceased’s spirit must not be delayed even for a single day after burial. Although the results of this study reveal that the Song’s jiuyuji did not always follow consistent principles between tuzhong and dianzhong rites, and variations existed depending on the period, it is nonetheless evident that from the reign of Emperor Zhenzong onward, a dual system that combined both was consistently maintained throughout the dynasty. This was unprecedented in earlier times. While the Song did not adopt the ancient ritual forms in their original structure, it is clear that the dynasty consistently referenced the guli and sought to reinterpret the imperial funeral rites through comparison with them. This reflects the fact that the ancient rituals continued to serve as a powerful normative standard for ritual design among Song people.

988

余华小说中的‘回应’机制演变 ― 以≪在细雨中呼喊≫≪活着≫≪兄弟≫为中心―

Jin ChunMei, 김미정

[NRF 연계] 영남중국어문학회 중국어문학 Vol.99 2025.08 pp.81-105

...Yu Hua’s three representative novels: Cries in the Drizzle, To Live, and Brothers. By tracing the dynamic shift from “absence of response” to “awakening of response” and finally to “transformation of response,” the study reveals the generative logic and transformative patterns of the mechanism across different historical contexts and social structures. In Cries in the Drizzle, the absence of response manifests as a convergence of linguistic rupture, emotional isolation, and ethical vacuum. To Live internalizes response into silence, labor, and memory, marking the transition from void to awakening. Brothers, under the impact of marketization and power structures, retains traces of warmth on one hand while on the other hand distorting response into manipulation and commodification, culminating in the absurd yet poetically suturing act of “sending ashes into space.” The study argues that the response mechanism in Yu Hua’s novels is not merely an act of interpersonal exchange but constitutes a profound system of ethical symbolism, whose evolution offers a literary reflection on the fracture of relationships, emotional alienation, and ethical reconstruction in contemporary Chinese society.

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

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This study centers on the concept of the “response mechanism” to examine the modes of interaction between characters and the world, as well as the trajectory of ethical transformation, in Yu Hua’s three representative novels: Cries in the Drizzle, To Live, and Brothers. By tracing the dynamic shift from “absence of response” to “awakening of response” and finally to “transformation of response,” the study reveals the generative logic and transformative patterns of the mechanism across different historical contexts and social structures. In Cries in the Drizzle, the absence of response manifests as a convergence of linguistic rupture, emotional isolation, and ethical vacuum. To Live internalizes response into silence, labor, and memory, marking the transition from void to awakening. Brothers, under the impact of marketization and power structures, retains traces of warmth on one hand while on the other hand distorting response into manipulation and commodification, culminating in the absurd yet poetically suturing act of “sending ashes into space.” The study argues that the response mechanism in Yu Hua’s novels is not merely an act of interpersonal exchange but constitutes a profound system of ethical symbolism, whose evolution offers a literary reflection on the fracture of relationships, emotional alienation, and ethical reconstruction in contemporary Chinese society.

989

유즙의 시문을 통해 본 현실 인식

강동석

[NRF 연계] 한민족문화학회 한민족문화연구 Vol.89 No.89 2025.03 pp.7-28

...YU JEUP (柳楫, 1585-1651), and examines the mental orientation it means. Baekseok’s poems are created in cross-lingual languages such as Deuksil(得失), Heebi(喜悲), Yongyok(榮辱), Hwabok(禍福), Guicheon(貴賤), Anwi(安危), and clearly reveals his behavior. In other words, obtaining and losing a government post is also determined by heaven. However, he had the perception that what could be pursued in it was that he should think of inferiority rather than preciousness and precarious rather than comfort. In addition, he expresses the attitude that only a life that is not famous can escape from lust, and that sadness, joy, anger, and blessings are connected to each other, so there is no need to think about only one side. In the case of prose, the perspective of life is revealed by actively utilizing the dialogue method, embodying introspection, that is, the heaven and the earth, to look back on oneself. He was aiming for a life as a Cheosa by expressing that heaven is less than the preciousness given by humans through the quarrel between the lowly and the precious. He was aiming for a life as a cheosa, pursuing a life of a cheosa, living a life of poor but enjoying the Tao, through the life of a cheosa, or pursuing a life of a cheosa, through the struggle between the lowly and the precious. In the case of prose, the perspective of life is revealed by actively utilizing dialogue methods to embody introspection, that is, heaven and equity, to look back on oneself. He was aiming for a life as a cheosa, living in a weave, pursuing a life that is poor but enjoys Tao, pursuing a lowly life through dialogue with Maeduong, or expressing that heaven is less shallow than the preciousness given by humans through the quarrel between the lowly and the precious. Baekseok’s literary imagery is not irrelevant to the difficult family environment, such as losing his parents and going on a refuge when he was young, and after his growth, he put himself in the military for the country and saving the country, but he lost his power due to Injo’s surrender. Eventually, he returned to his hometown and constantly looked back on himself and lived as an unknown person and Cheosa.

※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.

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This paper examines the shape of know sky and know one’s place, which express awareness and resistance to both ends (兩端) that are being carried out in poems and essays of Baekseok YU JEUP (柳楫, 1585-1651), and examines the mental orientation it means. Baekseok’s poems are created in cross-lingual languages such as Deuksil(得失), Heebi(喜悲), Yongyok(榮辱), Hwabok(禍福), Guicheon(貴賤), Anwi(安危), and clearly reveals his behavior. In other words, obtaining and losing a government post is also determined by heaven. However, he had the perception that what could be pursued in it was that he should think of inferiority rather than preciousness and precarious rather than comfort. In addition, he expresses the attitude that only a life that is not famous can escape from lust, and that sadness, joy, anger, and blessings are connected to each other, so there is no need to think about only one side. In the case of prose, the perspective of life is revealed by actively utilizing the dialogue method, embodying introspection, that is, the heaven and the earth, to look back on oneself. He was aiming for a life as a Cheosa by expressing that heaven is less than the preciousness given by humans through the quarrel between the lowly and the precious. He was aiming for a life as a cheosa, pursuing a life of a cheosa, living a life of poor but enjoying the Tao, through the life of a cheosa, or pursuing a life of a cheosa, through the struggle between the lowly and the precious. In the case of prose, the perspective of life is revealed by actively utilizing dialogue methods to embody introspection, that is, heaven and equity, to look back on oneself. He was aiming for a life as a cheosa, living in a weave, pursuing a life that is poor but enjoys Tao, pursuing a lowly life through dialogue with Maeduong, or expressing that heaven is less shallow than the preciousness given by humans through the quarrel between the lowly and the precious. Baekseok’s literary imagery is not irrelevant to the difficult family environment, such as losing his parents and going on a refuge when he was young, and after his growth, he put himself in the military for the country and saving the country, but he lost his power due to Injo’s surrender. Eventually, he returned to his hometown and constantly looked back on himself and lived as an unknown person and Cheosa.

990

근대 김유신 傳記의 재편 양상 연구 : 『角干先生實記』의 간행 및 번역을 중심으로

김성수

[NRF 연계] 한국어문교육연구회 어문연구 Vol.53 No.1 2025.03 pp.171-194

...Yu-shin Yeoljeon”, the biography of Kim Yu-shin was later reorganized through various books from the late 19th to early 20th century. Previous studies have clarified the various versions and characteristics of modern recompiled biographies of Kim Yu-shin, but the Japanese-translated Gakganseonsaengsilgi, published in 1911 by the Joseon Research Society, has not been thoroughly examined. This study summarizes previous research about Kim Yu-shin’s biographies and investigates the original text and translation strategy of the Japanese Gakganseonsaengsilgi. It is confirmed that the Joseon Research Society directly translated the original text and compared it with Kim Yu-shin’s story in Samguksagi to verify its historical accuracy. Furthermore, this study explores the background of the translation of Gakganseonsaengsilgi, which is not explicitly specified in writing. Based on the books compiled by the Joseon Research Society, it is found that the members regarded Kim Yu-shin and Kim Chun-chu as heroes of Silla, but viewed the Silla period as the inception of toadyism. In summary, by focusing on the modern publications of Kim Yu-shin’s biographies, this study identifies the intersecting perspectives: Korea’s attempt to evoke ancient heroes during times of national crisis and Japan’s aim to justify its assimilation policy through the logic of toadyism.

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김유신(金庾信)의 일대기는 『삼국사기』 열전(列傳)의 내용을 기반으로, 19세기 말부터 20세기 초까지 다양한 서적으로 재편되었다. 선행연구를 통해 근대에 재편된 김유신 전기의 이본 계통과 특징은 상당 부분 규명되었으나, 1911년에 조선연구회에서일본어로 간행한 『각간선생실기』는 그간 중요하게 다뤄지지 못했다. 이에 본고는 김유신 전기를 살핀 선행연구를 정리하는 한편으로, 일본어 번역본 『각간선생실기』의 원문을 추정하고 재편 양상을 살폈다. 분석 결과 조선연구회의 구성원들은 『각간선생실기』의 원문을 직역하는 한편, 작중 김유신의 행적을 『삼국사기』와 대조하고자 했다. 나아가 본고는 『각간선생실기』 번역의 배경으로 조선연구회의 구성원들이 편찬한 연구서를 살피고, 그들이 김유신과 김춘추를 신라의 영웅으로 인식하는 한편, 삼국통일의 과정에서 당(唐)에 대한 사대주의의 맹아를 찾고자 했음을 밝혔다. 요컨대 본고는 근대에 간행된 김유신 전기를 중심으로, 국가 위기의 상황에서 고대의 영웅을 상기하고자 했던 조선의 시선과 동화(同化)의 논리로써 사대주의의 근거를 발견하고자 했던 일본의 시선이 서로 교차하는 지점을 파악하였다.

Based on the narrative of Samguksagi in “Kim Yu-shin Yeoljeon”, the biography of Kim Yu-shin was later reorganized through various books from the late 19th to early 20th century. Previous studies have clarified the various versions and characteristics of modern recompiled biographies of Kim Yu-shin, but the Japanese-translated Gakganseonsaengsilgi, published in 1911 by the Joseon Research Society, has not been thoroughly examined. This study summarizes previous research about Kim Yu-shin’s biographies and investigates the original text and translation strategy of the Japanese Gakganseonsaengsilgi. It is confirmed that the Joseon Research Society directly translated the original text and compared it with Kim Yu-shin’s story in Samguksagi to verify its historical accuracy. Furthermore, this study explores the background of the translation of Gakganseonsaengsilgi, which is not explicitly specified in writing. Based on the books compiled by the Joseon Research Society, it is found that the members regarded Kim Yu-shin and Kim Chun-chu as heroes of Silla, but viewed the Silla period as the inception of toadyism. In summary, by focusing on the modern publications of Kim Yu-shin’s biographies, this study identifies the intersecting perspectives: Korea’s attempt to evoke ancient heroes during times of national crisis and Japan’s aim to justify its assimilation policy through the logic of toadyism.

991

유토피아와 공동체에 대한 상상: 위화(余華)의 『원청(文城)』을 중심으로

김명희

[NRF 연계] 전주대학교 한국고전학연구소 공존의 인간학 Vol.13 2025.01 pp.7-44

...Yu Hua’s 『Wencheng: A Lost City』. Moreover, this thesis explored how the three aspects such as the meanings of dystopian representation and violence narration, protection of community and consciousness of solidarity, and imagination and desire of utopia, were shown in the novel. Through the meanings of dystopian representation and violence narration, the novel aroused the importance of world peace by fully revealing the dark reality and chaotic social situation in the late Qing and early republican China. In the protection of community and consciousness of solidarity, the novel showed that the consciousness of solidarity would be needed to fully preserve the community of each one as it should be handed down to descendants. Furthermore, in the imagination and desire of utopia, it revealed the importance of equal relationship and respect between people. 『Wencheng』 is an incomplete work, and the end of this work is open structure. The author did not include a story about the main character’s children generation. The narration of utopia basically begins from deep interest in how to solve social evils and contradictions of the time. 『Wencheng』 shows compassionate narration for better community by dreaming of equal human relationship based on the ‘spirit of contract’ and ‘respect’ that are insufficient in ideal China Yu Hua is thinking of.

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원문보기

이 글은 위화의 『원청(文城): 잃어버린 도시』에서 ‘유토피아와 공동체 에 대한 상상’이 어떻게 나타났는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 아울러 디스토 피아의 재현과 폭력 서사의 의미, 공동체의 수호와 연대의식, 그리고 유 토피아에 대한 상상과 희구, 이 세 가지 측면이 소설 속에서 어떻게 나 타났는지를 탐색해 보았다. 디스토피아의 재현과 폭력 서사의 의미를 통해서는 청말 민초시기의 혼란한 사회상과 어두운 현실을 여실히 드러내면서 세계 평화가 얼마 나 소중한지를 독자에게 환기시켰고, 공동체의 수호와 연대의식에서는 각자가 몸담고 있는 공동체가 후손들에게도 물려주어야 하는 곳이니, 온전한 보전을 위해 연대의식이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 유토피 아에 대한 상상과 희구에서는 사람과 사람 사이의 평등한 관계성과 존 중이 중요하다는 것을 규명했다. 『원청』은 미완의 작품이고, 작품의 결말은 열린 구조로 이루어져 있으며, 작가는 주인공의 자녀 세대에 대한 이야기를 담지 않았다. 유토 피아에 관한 서사는 어떻게 하면 그 시대의 사회 병폐와 모순이 해결될 수 있는가에 대해 근본적으로 깊은 관심을 갖는 데에서 시작한다. 『원청』은 위화가 생각하는 이상적인 중국에 부족한 ‘계약 정신’과 ‘존중’을 바탕으로 한 평등한 인간관계를 꿈꾸며, 더 나은 공동체를 위한 온정 (溫情)서사를 그려내고 있다.

This thesis aims to examine how the ‘imagination of utopia and community’ was shown in Yu Hua’s 『Wencheng: A Lost City』. Moreover, this thesis explored how the three aspects such as the meanings of dystopian representation and violence narration, protection of community and consciousness of solidarity, and imagination and desire of utopia, were shown in the novel. Through the meanings of dystopian representation and violence narration, the novel aroused the importance of world peace by fully revealing the dark reality and chaotic social situation in the late Qing and early republican China. In the protection of community and consciousness of solidarity, the novel showed that the consciousness of solidarity would be needed to fully preserve the community of each one as it should be handed down to descendants. Furthermore, in the imagination and desire of utopia, it revealed the importance of equal relationship and respect between people. 『Wencheng』 is an incomplete work, and the end of this work is open structure. The author did not include a story about the main character’s children generation. The narration of utopia basically begins from deep interest in how to solve social evils and contradictions of the time. 『Wencheng』 shows compassionate narration for better community by dreaming of equal human relationship based on the ‘spirit of contract’ and ‘respect’ that are insufficient in ideal China Yu Hua is thinking of.

992

韓愈와 張籍의 詩文을 통한 교유 관계 고찰

김지영

[NRF 연계] 한국중국산문학회 中國散文硏究集刊 Vol.15 2024.12 pp.71-91

...Yu(768-824) was a key figure in the literary world during the Middle Tang Dynasty and played a leading role in leading the literary world. Han Yu cared for his colleagues and took the lead in encouraging later generations, and he mainly interacted with the writers of the time by exchanging poetry and prose. It can be seen that Zhang Jie(766-830) interacted the most with Han Yu through poetry and prose. Zhang Jie was a close friend of Han Yu and was a person who gave advice and encouragement throughout his life, and did not hesitate to criticize and submit opinions when opinions on academics differed. Based on the research results of the 'distance reading' method that the author conducted earlier, which uses a computer to view digitized texts, this paper uses the 'close reading' method of carefully reading and analyzing the text to study Han Yu and Zhang Jie. We looked at the social relations between. For this purpose, we examined and analyzed the poetry and prose that Han Yu and Zhang Jie interacted with, and examined the impact of their poetry and prose exchange on the literary world.

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원문보기

Han Yu(768-824) was a key figure in the literary world during the Middle Tang Dynasty and played a leading role in leading the literary world. Han Yu cared for his colleagues and took the lead in encouraging later generations, and he mainly interacted with the writers of the time by exchanging poetry and prose. It can be seen that Zhang Jie(766-830) interacted the most with Han Yu through poetry and prose. Zhang Jie was a close friend of Han Yu and was a person who gave advice and encouragement throughout his life, and did not hesitate to criticize and submit opinions when opinions on academics differed. Based on the research results of the 'distance reading' method that the author conducted earlier, which uses a computer to view digitized texts, this paper uses the 'close reading' method of carefully reading and analyzing the text to study Han Yu and Zhang Jie. We looked at the social relations between. For this purpose, we examined and analyzed the poetry and prose that Han Yu and Zhang Jie interacted with, and examined the impact of their poetry and prose exchange on the literary world.

993

정유정 완전한 행복에 나타난 카렌 호나이의 신경증적 관계 방식 - 팽창형을 중심으로 -

이명미

[NRF 연계] 한국문학치료학회 문학치료연구 Vol.69 2023.10 pp.199-232

...Yu-na, the protagonist of "Complete Happiness," was analyzed by applying Honai's theory of neurosis. As a result, it was found that Shin Yuna showed an expansion-type neurosis tendency. The inflatable type idealizes themselves and becomes narcissistic. He tries to be more perfect himself, but this idealized self is different from the real self. They cannot form a healthy relationship with others who criticize or reject themselves, but turn to arrogant retaliation and attack others. Shin Yuna tries to relieve anxiety through affection and desire for recognition. These inflatable types also think of their children as their own and control them thoroughly. The excessive envy and competition towards her sister is met by taking everything away from her. In particular, they never forgive others who try to betray and abandon themselves. It is considered natural to remove them while transferring all responsibility for the breakdown of the relationship to others. Through this, Shin Yuna, who feels safe, does not feel guilty and the crime becomes more brutal. The cruel behavior of real-world criminals is also similar to the tendency of expansion-type neurosis. Literature contains the discourse of the real world. Shin Yu-na, the main character of Jeong Yu-jeong's "Complete Happiness," is a fictional character in literary works, but an actual incident instilled her. By looking at the psychology of the villain through the neurosis theory, it is possible to understand the source of brutality as well as an understanding of the modern society where brutal crimes are being mass-produced.

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원문보기

정유정 󰡔완전한 행복󰡕의 주인공 신유나의 심리를 호나이의 신경증 이론을 적용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 신유나는 팽창형의 신경증 경향을 드러내는 것으로 파악할 수 있었다. 팽창형은 스스로를 이상화하여 자기도취에 빠지게 된다. 스스로 더욱 완벽해지기 위해 노력하지만 이런 이상화한 자기는 현실 자아와는 괴리가 있다. 그들은 자신을 비판하거나 거절하는 타인과 건강한 관계를 형성하지 못하고 거만한 보복형으로 돌변하여 타인을 공격한다. 신유나는 애정과 인정욕구를 통해 불안을 해소하려 한다. 또한 자식을 자신의 소유물로 생각하며 철저히 통제한다. 언니를 향한 과도한 시기심과 경쟁심은 그녀에게서 모든 것을 빼앗는 것으로 충족한다. 특히 자기를 배신하고 버리려는 타인을 절대 용서하지 않는다. 관계의 파탄에 대한 모든 책임을 타인에게 전가하면서 그들을 제거해 버리는 것은 당연한 것으로 여긴다. 이를 통해 안전감을 느낀 신유나는 죄책감을 느끼지 못하고 범죄는 더욱 잔혹해진다. 현실세계 범죄자들의 잔혹한 행위 역시 팽창형의 신경증 경향과 유사한 방식이다. 문학은 현실 세계의 담론을 담고 있다. 정유정의󰡔완전한 행복󰡕의 주인공 신유나는 문학작품 속 허구적 인물이지만 실제 사건이 배아 시킨 인물이다. 악인의 심리를 신경증 이론으로 들여다봄으로써 잔혹 범죄가 양산되고 있는 현대사회에 대한 이해와 더불어 잔혹성의 근원을 파악할 수 있다.

The psychology of Shin Yu-na, the protagonist of "Complete Happiness," was analyzed by applying Honai's theory of neurosis. As a result, it was found that Shin Yuna showed an expansion-type neurosis tendency. The inflatable type idealizes themselves and becomes narcissistic. He tries to be more perfect himself, but this idealized self is different from the real self. They cannot form a healthy relationship with others who criticize or reject themselves, but turn to arrogant retaliation and attack others. Shin Yuna tries to relieve anxiety through affection and desire for recognition. These inflatable types also think of their children as their own and control them thoroughly. The excessive envy and competition towards her sister is met by taking everything away from her. In particular, they never forgive others who try to betray and abandon themselves. It is considered natural to remove them while transferring all responsibility for the breakdown of the relationship to others. Through this, Shin Yuna, who feels safe, does not feel guilty and the crime becomes more brutal. The cruel behavior of real-world criminals is also similar to the tendency of expansion-type neurosis. Literature contains the discourse of the real world. Shin Yu-na, the main character of Jeong Yu-jeong's "Complete Happiness," is a fictional character in literary works, but an actual incident instilled her. By looking at the psychology of the villain through the neurosis theory, it is possible to understand the source of brutality as well as an understanding of the modern society where brutal crimes are being mass-produced.

994

유치환 시의 타자 지향성과 이중적 자연 인식

엄진희, 김옥성

[NRF 연계] 문학과환경학회 문학과환경 Vol.22 No.3 2023.09 pp.57-88

...Yu Chi-hwan’s posthuman-centered attitude beyond the modern humanism as well as his criticism of the modern civilization. In Yu Chi-hwan's poetic world, nature is revealed not as an objective entity but as what is inseparably intermingled with our human life. The perception that we human beings could not be separated from our environmental world would leads not to the conception of a separated and isolated individualism but an other-oriented attitude. In Yu Chi-hwan’s poetry, the nature appears as ‘wonder’, God’s glory, life and harmony, revealing the chaotic aspect of infinity, abyss, vanity and meaninglessness. Yu Chi-hwan’s view of nature revealing such dual nature departs from the human-centered attitude, toward a posthuman-centered and other-oriented poetic attitude. As such, Yu Chi-hwan departs from the modern view of the world centered about reason and human beings to arrange a basis for another view of the world or a post-modern and dehumanizing paradigm. In this regard, Yu Chi-hwan’s works may be seen as a journey of the poetic endeavors pursuing the reconciliation between men and nature, pursuing a new humanity and ethics for others, and further, a community ethics.

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원문보기

본고는 유치환의 근대 문명비판과 함께 근대적 인간을 넘어서는 탈-인간 중심적 태도를 고찰했다. 유치환의 시 세계에서 자연은 객체로서 객관 대상이 아니라 인간 삶과 분리 불가능하게 얽혀있는 것으로 드러난다. 인간이 자신의 환경 세계와 분리될 수 없다는 인식은 인간 간의 관계에서도 분리되고 고립된 개인이 아니라 타자 지향적 태도로 이어진다. 유치환 시에서 자연은 ‘경이’로서의 자연, 신의 영광과 생명과 조화의 자연으로 나타나면서도 무한과 심연, 공허, 무의미라는 공포와 두려움의 카오스모스적 양상으로 드러나기도 한다. 이렇게 이중적인 성격을 드러내는 유치환의 자연관은 인간 중심적 태도에서 탈-인간 중심적이고 타자지향적인 시적 태도로 이어지고 있다. 유치환은 이성과 인간 중심의 근대적 세계관에서 벗어나 다른 방식의 세계관, 탈근대적이며 탈-인간 중심적인 인식의 토대를 마련했다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 면에서 유치환의 작품들은 인간과 자연의 화해, 새로운 인간성과 타자에 대한 윤리, 나아가 공동체의 윤리를 위한 시적 노력의 여정이었다고 볼 수 있다.

This study discusses Yu Chi-hwan’s posthuman-centered attitude beyond the modern humanism as well as his criticism of the modern civilization. In Yu Chi-hwan's poetic world, nature is revealed not as an objective entity but as what is inseparably intermingled with our human life. The perception that we human beings could not be separated from our environmental world would leads not to the conception of a separated and isolated individualism but an other-oriented attitude. In Yu Chi-hwan’s poetry, the nature appears as ‘wonder’, God’s glory, life and harmony, revealing the chaotic aspect of infinity, abyss, vanity and meaninglessness. Yu Chi-hwan’s view of nature revealing such dual nature departs from the human-centered attitude, toward a posthuman-centered and other-oriented poetic attitude. As such, Yu Chi-hwan departs from the modern view of the world centered about reason and human beings to arrange a basis for another view of the world or a post-modern and dehumanizing paradigm. In this regard, Yu Chi-hwan’s works may be seen as a journey of the poetic endeavors pursuing the reconciliation between men and nature, pursuing a new humanity and ethics for others, and further, a community ethics.

995

명말 청초 경계인, 李漁의 초상 ― 󰡔笠翁詩集󰡕을 통하여

김의정

[NRF 연계] 중국어문학연구회 중국어문학논집 Vol.138 2023.03 pp.209-231

...Yu has many facets and is a representative figure by whom we can look into the period of late Ming and early Qing society in detail. However, there is a prejudice that the popular and entertainment attitude shown in novels and comedies will lead to the estimating about creation of poetry, amid doubts about authenticity, studies on Li yu's poems have been in the beginning stage in China and have hardly been done in Korea. This study is about 1,100 poems in Li Wong Shi Ji(笠翁詩集l) eft with a critical mind. I tried to conduct a precise reading and examine the thoughts and worries that Li Yu had during the important period of his life. In this paper, I read the entire collection of poems in order to grasp the overall picture of how Li Yu's diversified life was revealed in his poetry. Accordingly, his poems were divided into early years, war years, retirement years, middle ages, old age(1), and old age (2) according to the quarters of his life, and his representative works were reviewed. Through this review, it is hoped that a holistic understanding of Li Yu, a unique literary man in the period of turbulence, will be achieved.

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원문보기

Li Yu has many facets and is a representative figure by whom we can look into the period of late Ming and early Qing society in detail. However, there is a prejudice that the popular and entertainment attitude shown in novels and comedies will lead to the estimating about creation of poetry, amid doubts about authenticity, studies on Li yu's poems have been in the beginning stage in China and have hardly been done in Korea. This study is about 1,100 poems in Li Wong Shi Ji(笠翁詩集l) eft with a critical mind. I tried to conduct a precise reading and examine the thoughts and worries that Li Yu had during the important period of his life. In this paper, I read the entire collection of poems in order to grasp the overall picture of how Li Yu's diversified life was revealed in his poetry. Accordingly, his poems were divided into early years, war years, retirement years, middle ages, old age(1), and old age (2) according to the quarters of his life, and his representative works were reviewed. Through this review, it is hoped that a holistic understanding of Li Yu, a unique literary man in the period of turbulence, will be achieved.

996

유형원과 정약용의 經世書에 나타난 국가개혁사상 비교 시론-도덕국가체제로 가는 서로 다른 길-

정종원

[NRF 연계] 조선시대사학회 조선시대사학보 Vol.104 2023.03 pp.193-245

...yupyo (A posthumously published account about statecraft), a late Chos?n dynasty’s representative treaties of statecraft, in the view of Moral State system theory. The Moral State system theory is to recreate every major institution of the system of the state to cater for Moral State. And this theory is a developed theory of the Moral State theory, which claims to run the state community morally and make members of the state into moral human beings. Yu Hy?ngwon theorized the Moral State system theory, and Ch?ng Yagyong succeeded in Yu’s work and reorganized it in response to the 19th-century situation. There is a considerable difference between Yu Hy?ngwon and Ch?ng Yagyong’s specific design of the system, but it was common that they pursued the Moral State system. And their difference was due to the difference in time; Yu’s 17th century and Ch?ng’s 19th century, not the difference in the goal. This difference was the response of the Moral State system theory to the changes of the time. Despite the difference in time, in the two theorist’s state reform theory, two principles of the Moral State system theory; the moral ability system and the guarantee of every member’s economic survival were continued.

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이 글은 ‘실학’을 대체하여 조선후기와 한국 근대의 사상사적 연속성을 담보할 개념을 찾기 위한 하나의 시도이다. ‘실학’을 대체할 개념을 만들기 위해서는 ‘실학’으로 묶여져왔었던 사상들의 공통점을 조선후기 사상사의 고유한 내적 논리 안에서 확인하고, 이를 바탕으로 근대로의 연결지점에 대해 고민해야 한다. 필자는 이러한 작업을 위해 조선후기 경세학의 대표적인 저서인 반계수록과 경세유표를 도덕국가체제론의 관점에서 비교, 분석하였다. 국가공동체를 도덕적으로 운영하고, 그 구성원도 도덕적인 인간으로 만들려고 하는 도덕국가론 담론이 한 단계 발전하여 국가체제의 모든 주요 제도들을 도덕국가에 맞게 재창조하려는 것이 도덕국가체제론이다. 유형원은 도덕국가체제론을 이론화하였고, 이후 조선사회의 지식인들이 도덕국가체제론을 학문적으로 고민할 수 있는 토대를 구축했다. 정약용은 유형원의 작업을 이어받아 19세기의 상황에 대응하여 도덕국가체제론을 새롭게 재편성하였다. 유형원과 정약용의 구체적인 제도구상에는 상당한 차이가 있지만, 도덕국가체제를 지향하고 있다는 점은 공유되었다. 유형원이 살았던 17세기와 정약용이 살았던 19세기의 시대적 차이는 두 사상가의 제도구상에 차이점을 가져오게 했지만, 이는 지향점의 차이가 아니라 시대적 변화에 대한 도덕국가체제론의 대응이었다. 두 사상가의 국가개혁사상에는 도덕적 능력주의와 모든 구성원에 대한 경제적 생존기반의 보장이라는 도덕국가체제론의 두 가지 원리가 그대로 이어지고 있었다.

This article is an try to search the concept, instead of Practical Learning (Sirhak), to secure the continuity of modern Korea’s history of thoughts, To create a new concept for replacing Practical Learning, we need to confirm the common thoughts classified into Practical Learning in the late Chos?n dynasty’s own inner logic. And on that basis, connection points to the modern era should be considered. For this work, the writer analyzed and compared Pan’gye surok (A miscellaneous account of the man from Pan’gye) and Ky?ngse yupyo (A posthumously published account about statecraft), a late Chos?n dynasty’s representative treaties of statecraft, in the view of Moral State system theory. The Moral State system theory is to recreate every major institution of the system of the state to cater for Moral State. And this theory is a developed theory of the Moral State theory, which claims to run the state community morally and make members of the state into moral human beings. Yu Hy?ngwon theorized the Moral State system theory, and Ch?ng Yagyong succeeded in Yu’s work and reorganized it in response to the 19th-century situation. There is a considerable difference between Yu Hy?ngwon and Ch?ng Yagyong’s specific design of the system, but it was common that they pursued the Moral State system. And their difference was due to the difference in time; Yu’s 17th century and Ch?ng’s 19th century, not the difference in the goal. This difference was the response of the Moral State system theory to the changes of the time. Despite the difference in time, in the two theorist’s state reform theory, two principles of the Moral State system theory; the moral ability system and the guarantee of every member’s economic survival were continued.

997

대한제국기 지식인의 국한혼용문 연구 -유길준과 장지연의 경우-

한영균

[NRF 연계] 구결학회 구결연구 Vol.50 2023.02 pp.253-298

...Yu, Kil-Jun’s and Jang, Ji-Yeon’s writings in Mixed-Scripts focusing on the types and changes in the styles on register base. Works like this are purpose to clarify how the educated peoples meet the demands of the times in writings. Yu, Kil-Jun’s writings style in mixed-scripts passed through three stages, starting with Seo-Yu-Gyeon-mun, moved to writing styles in grammar books, and changed to modernizd writing style in final stage, which means changes in the contents of education how to write in Korean. Jang, Ji-Yeon’s Writings in mixed-scripts are different from Yu, Kil-Jun’s. He tried to use every style in using mixed-scripts, but eventrually he used kukyeol sentences in the final stage of his life, which means he returned to the writing style based on Chinese classics. Such seems to be not an unusual case to the educated peoples at that times and could be one of the reasons why use of mixed-scripts were the overwhelming way of writings. The use of kukyeol sentences and their variations at that times could be one of the origins of mixed-scripts, especially of the type that reflects influences of chinese grammar in syntax, but needs further investigations.

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이 글은 유길준과 장지연 두 사람이 각자의 저작에 사용한 국한혼용문이 어떤 특징을 지니고 있는지를 살피는 한편, 이들이 어떤 유형의 국한혼용문을 어떤 상황에서 사용했는가를 살피는 것을 기본 목적으로 한다. 이러한 작업은 당대의 지식인들이 한문으로부터의 탈각이라는 시대적 과제를 독자의 한문 문식력을 고려한 글쓰기를 통해 성취하려 했다는 사실과 함께 이 시대의 문어 생활에 변혁을 가져왔다고 평가되는 공문식의 공포에 대해 구체적으로 어떻게 대응했는가를 확인하는 의미를 지닌다. 『서유견문』으로 국한혼용문으로 글쓰기의 방향을 처음 제시한 유길준은 학생들이 사용할 『대한문전』류의 문체를 통해 『서유견문』의 글쓰기 방법에서 벗어나는 모습을 보인 한편, 『노동야학독본』 및 『노동야학』의 문체를 통해 새로운 글쓰기 방법을 선보인다. 국문으로 글쓰기에서의 ‘계몽’의 내용을 단계적으로 바꾼 것이다. 유길준의 국한혼용문 사용 양상에 비할 때 장지연의 국한혼용문 사용 양상은 다르다. 장지연은 유길준과 달리 대한제국기 국한혼용문의 여러 유형을 모두 사용하고 있지만, 생애 후반기의 집필 활동에서는 거의 대부분의 글을 구결문 혹은 변형 구결문으로 발표한다. 국문으로 글쓰기에서 다양한 유형의 국한혼용문을 시도하지만, 궁극적으로는 한문맥(漢文脈)에 기댄 구결문 내지 변형구결문으로 회귀하는 것이다. 장지연의 구결문 사용에서 주목해야 할 것은 변형 구결문이다. 인쇄물에서 보이는 것보다 서간(書簡)에서는 훨씬 다양한 변형 구결문의 예를 확인할 수 있다. 이 글에서는 장지연의 글에 한정해 살폈으므로 논의를 확장하는 데에는 한계가 있지만, 변형 구결문의 사용 및 그 해체 양상은 대한제국기의 국한혼용문이 만들어지는 과정과 대한제국기에 국한혼용문이 문어의 주류가 된 배경을 추론할 수 있는 토대가 될 가능성이 있다.

This paper aims to investigate Yu, Kil-Jun’s and Jang, Ji-Yeon’s writings in Mixed-Scripts focusing on the types and changes in the styles on register base. Works like this are purpose to clarify how the educated peoples meet the demands of the times in writings. Yu, Kil-Jun’s writings style in mixed-scripts passed through three stages, starting with Seo-Yu-Gyeon-mun, moved to writing styles in grammar books, and changed to modernizd writing style in final stage, which means changes in the contents of education how to write in Korean. Jang, Ji-Yeon’s Writings in mixed-scripts are different from Yu, Kil-Jun’s. He tried to use every style in using mixed-scripts, but eventrually he used kukyeol sentences in the final stage of his life, which means he returned to the writing style based on Chinese classics. Such seems to be not an unusual case to the educated peoples at that times and could be one of the reasons why use of mixed-scripts were the overwhelming way of writings. The use of kukyeol sentences and their variations at that times could be one of the origins of mixed-scripts, especially of the type that reflects influences of chinese grammar in syntax, but needs further investigations.

998

정탁과 유성룡의 교유와 전란기 대책 강구

김한신

[NRF 연계] 부산경남사학회 역사와 경계 Vol.124 2022.12 pp.173-203

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정탁은 16세기 사대부로서 『藥圃集』을 남겼을 뿐 아니라, 임진전쟁기 선조를 호종하며 『壬辰記錄』・『龍蛇日記』 등을 저술했다. 그는 일찍부터 李滉과曺植을 스승으로 두어 학문에 힘쓰고 있었다. 그와 함께 趙穆, 金宇顒 등 영남의 학인들과 활발하게 교류하고 있었다. 柳成龍도 활발하게 교류한 인물 중 하나였다. 유성룡이 이황의 제자가 된 이후 정탁과 유성룡 두 인물은 학문뿐 아니라 여러 측면에서 긴밀한 관계를 갖게 되었다. 학문에 기반하여 여러 분야에서 정탁은 유성룡과 공감대를 나누었고 이 때 유성룡과의 의견교환은 정견의 형성, 정책수립, 시대를 보는 안목 등에 적지 않은 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 1592년 전란 발발 이후 정탁과 유성룡은 의정부 대신으로서 국가를 보전하는 책무를 맡았다. 두 사람은 도성 방어, 군량 확보, 남부지역 방어대책 등 시급한현안에서 많은 부분 공통되는 대안을 제시하고 있었으며, 그 근저에는 두 사람의 학맥과 집안관계라는 긴밀한 유대가 작용하고 있었다.

999

劉勰과 韓愈의 文學觀에 대한 고찰

김동진

[NRF 연계] 중국학연구회 중국학연구 Vol.102 2022.11 pp.70-95

...Yu, the leader of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. To be specific, this paper scrutinizes the reasons why Han Yu, who regards reviving Confucianism as his duty, and Liu Xie, who employs the thoughts of Confucianism as moral principles in his mentioned work, respect the Dao of Confucianism, and why they think it is indispensable in ideal writings. On top of this, this study also compares Liu Xie and Han Yu’s attitudes toward the main schools other than Confucianism at that time, which is Daoism and Buddhism, including these schools’ ideas. Moreover, it examines the exact role of the so called "qi" in writings maintained by Liu Xie and Han Yu. Besides, it studies their thoughts about the relationship between the situation or the social position of a writer and the success or failure of his works. Furthermore, it explores the ideal model of literary expression and rhetoric in their minds. Last but not least, it analyzes their pro and con about pianwen which extremely pursues the expressional and rhetorical beauty of writings. As literati treated writings as a tool for governing the country and were proud of their identity as a writer, they usually searched for the proper style of writings during the time of chaos. The frequently presented trend of retro style writings across Chinese history were all results reflecting the literary point of view of literati. Therefore, insights given by this study may shed light on the follow-up research on the literary point of view held by various Chinese writers.

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이 논문은 문학비평사에 있어서 기념비적인 위상을 지닌 󰡔문심조룡󰡕을 지은 유협과 당대의 고문운동을 주도한 한유가 소지한 문학관을 비교하여 분석했다. 구체적으로 우선 유가 부흥을 자신의 소명으로 삼은 한유와 유가 사상을 󰡔문심조룡󰡕을 지탱하는 중심사상으로 삼은 유협이 유가의 도를 존숭했던 이유, 그리고 글에 있어서 어째서 유가의 도가 중요했다고 생각했는지 그 원인을 살펴보았다. 두 번째로는 유가 이외의 학파였던 불가와 도가, 그리고 그들의 학설에 대해 두 사람이 어떠한 견해를 갖고 있었는지 비교했다. 그 다음으로는 두 사람이 언급한 소위 ‘기’라는 요소가 문장에서 어떠한 역할을 하는지, 또 그들이 봤을 때 저자가 처해있는 환경과 처지가 그의 창작의 성공여부와 어떻게 결부되는지에 대해서도 탐구했다. 아울러 그들이 문학적 표현과 수사에 대해 어떠한 조건을 제시했는지, 표현과 수사의 아름다움을 극도로 추구했던 변려문이란 문체에 대해 어떻게 생각했는지 등 질문에 대한 해답을 모색했다. 문장을 치세의 수단으로 여기고 문인으로서 자부심을 지녔던 지식인들은 역사적 혼란기 때마다 문장의 마땅한 모습에 대해 성찰했다. 고대 중국에서 수없이 제기되었던 복고사조가 그 결과물 중 하나다. 따라서 본 연구에서의 통찰은 유협과 한유의 글에 대한 이해뿐만 아니라, 다양한 문인들의 문학사상, 그리고 그들의 관계를 파악하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

This paper carries out comparative analysis on Liu Xie, the writer of the monumental masterpiece in Chinese history of literary criticism―The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, and Han Yu, the leader of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. To be specific, this paper scrutinizes the reasons why Han Yu, who regards reviving Confucianism as his duty, and Liu Xie, who employs the thoughts of Confucianism as moral principles in his mentioned work, respect the Dao of Confucianism, and why they think it is indispensable in ideal writings. On top of this, this study also compares Liu Xie and Han Yu’s attitudes toward the main schools other than Confucianism at that time, which is Daoism and Buddhism, including these schools’ ideas. Moreover, it examines the exact role of the so called "qi" in writings maintained by Liu Xie and Han Yu. Besides, it studies their thoughts about the relationship between the situation or the social position of a writer and the success or failure of his works. Furthermore, it explores the ideal model of literary expression and rhetoric in their minds. Last but not least, it analyzes their pro and con about pianwen which extremely pursues the expressional and rhetorical beauty of writings. As literati treated writings as a tool for governing the country and were proud of their identity as a writer, they usually searched for the proper style of writings during the time of chaos. The frequently presented trend of retro style writings across Chinese history were all results reflecting the literary point of view of literati. Therefore, insights given by this study may shed light on the follow-up research on the literary point of view held by various Chinese writers.

1000

김유신에 대한 기억과 인식

이강래

[NRF 연계] 호남사학회 역사학연구 Vol.88 2022.11 pp.79-103

...Yu-shin based on the experiences and literature information of the Gory? dynasty. The record of Kim Yu-shin occupied the largest proportion among the famous characters of the ancient Three Kingdoms. However, the memories and various explanations of Kim Yu-shin have shown different central objects and contents according to different subjects. It was also noted that not only the subject of the oral heritages but also the method of accepting the heritages may differ depending on the times and social circumstances. The thought system for remembering and explaining Kim Yu-sin changed over time, with new illustrations centered on the patriotic gods in three mountains of Silla, the Buddhist concept of the universe, and the Confucian saints. In the Silla royal family, not only their early period of Silla but also the middle period of the line of King Muy?l and the late period which King W?ns?ng’s descendants occupied the throne called Kim Yu-shin and shared authority with him for different reasons and needs. The memories of intellectuals and illiterate people represent empirical rationality and emotional wonders, respectively. But at times,they were so consistent with each other that such distinctions were meaningless. In short, the memory and awareness of Kim Yu-sin, regardless of the ancient Silla and medieval Gory?, encompassed both sides of transcendence and rationality.

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이 글은 고려시대의 경험과 문헌 정보를 바탕으로 신라의 저명한 김유신에 대한 기억과 인식의 문제를 논의한 것이다. 김유신에 대한 기록은 고대 삼국의 구성원 가운데 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 그러나 김유신에 대한 풍부한 기억과 다양한 설명들은 각기 주체가 다르고 그에 따라 중심 화소도 달라졌다. 또한 전승의 주체뿐 아니라 전승을 수용하는 방식에서도 시대와 처지에 따라 다를 수 있다는 점을 주목하였다. 김유신을 기억하고 설명하는 사유 체계는 시간의 흐름에 따라 삼산의 호국신, 불교의 33천 관념, 유교의 성인 등을 중심으로 새로운 예화를 거느리면서 변전하였다. 신라 왕실에서도 상대는 물론 중대 무열계 왕통과 하대 원성계 왕통이 서로 다른 이유와 필요에서 김유신을 호명하고 권위를 분유하였다. 지식인과 문맹인의 기억은 각각 경험적 합리와 감동적 신이를 대변하는 것이지만, 때때로 그러한 분별이 무의미할 정도로 서로 정합 관계를 이루고 있었다. 요컨대 김유신에 대한 기억과 인식은, 고대의 신라와 중세의 고려를 막론하고, 신이와 합리의 양단을 모두 포섭하는 것이었다.

This article discusses the memory and awareness of Kim Yu-shin based on the experiences and literature information of the Gory? dynasty. The record of Kim Yu-shin occupied the largest proportion among the famous characters of the ancient Three Kingdoms. However, the memories and various explanations of Kim Yu-shin have shown different central objects and contents according to different subjects. It was also noted that not only the subject of the oral heritages but also the method of accepting the heritages may differ depending on the times and social circumstances. The thought system for remembering and explaining Kim Yu-sin changed over time, with new illustrations centered on the patriotic gods in three mountains of Silla, the Buddhist concept of the universe, and the Confucian saints. In the Silla royal family, not only their early period of Silla but also the middle period of the line of King Muy?l and the late period which King W?ns?ng’s descendants occupied the throne called Kim Yu-shin and shared authority with him for different reasons and needs. The memories of intellectuals and illiterate people represent empirical rationality and emotional wonders, respectively. But at times,they were so consistent with each other that such distinctions were meaningless. In short, the memory and awareness of Kim Yu-sin, regardless of the ancient Silla and medieval Gory?, encompassed both sides of transcendence and rationality.

 
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