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341

Qiannian luanju, zhengba dongbei Ya: cong Sui Yangdi san zheng Gaojuli dao Tang fengman tianxia [Millennium of chaos, struggle for hegemony in Northeast Asia: from the three Sui campaigns against Kogury? to the pervading influence of Tang China] by Fang Yu (review)

Ronald Suleski

[NRF 연계] 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 Seoul Journal of Korean Studies Vol.26 No.2 2013.12 pp.397-399

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342

兪吉濬 《西遊見聞》의 언어자본 고찰 ― 序⋅備考⋅年譜를 분석대상으로

zhaotailian, 정진강

[NRF 연계] 중국어문논역학회 중국어문논역총간 Vol.46 2020.01 pp.157-185

...Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞) is regarded as an indispensable text for understanding the development of language history and early modern context of the Korean enlightenment, and it is the catalyst for using Korean and Chinese characters in combination. This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of Korean-Chinese combination in Seo-Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞) and examines the linguistic capital of Yu Gil-Jun, who he has studied in Japen an the United States. Using Bourdieu’s habitus, field of language and Cultural Capital as the main researching methods to analyze the linguistic capital in <Chronology of Yu Gil-Jun's Life>⋅<Preamble>⋅<Appendix> written by Yu Gil-Jun. As a result, according to Bourdieu’s habitus discourse formula, Chinese played the dominant role as Yu Gil-Jun’s first habitys. In the acquisition of second habitus, the effects of the first habitus showed the mode of code swiching and these are Yu Gil-Jun’s systematical Chinese habitus. Futhermore, through the vocabulary of Seo-Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞), the embodied Chinese character habitus was presented as objective data.

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원문보기

The style of Seo-Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞) is regarded as an indispensable text for understanding the development of language history and early modern context of the Korean enlightenment, and it is the catalyst for using Korean and Chinese characters in combination. This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of Korean-Chinese combination in Seo-Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞) and examines the linguistic capital of Yu Gil-Jun, who he has studied in Japen an the United States. Using Bourdieu’s habitus, field of language and Cultural Capital as the main researching methods to analyze the linguistic capital in <Chronology of Yu Gil-Jun's Life>⋅<Preamble>⋅<Appendix> written by Yu Gil-Jun. As a result, according to Bourdieu’s habitus discourse formula, Chinese played the dominant role as Yu Gil-Jun’s first habitys. In the acquisition of second habitus, the effects of the first habitus showed the mode of code swiching and these are Yu Gil-Jun’s systematical Chinese habitus. Futhermore, through the vocabulary of Seo-Yu-Gyun-Moon(西遊見聞), the embodied Chinese character habitus was presented as objective data.

343

『新增類合』의 구성과 한자․한문 학습서로서의 가치 -『類合』과의 비교를 중심으로-

전수경

[NRF 연계] 동방한문학회 동방한문학 Vol.82 2020.03 pp.279-306

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『新增類合』은 眉巖 柳希春(1513~1577)이 1576년에 『類合』에 수록된 1,512자를 3,000자로 수정 증보하고, 언문으로 해당 한자의 음과 훈을 부기해 간행한 자학서이다. 『유합』은 조선시대 대표적인 字學書로 『千字文』 다음 단계에 습득하는 보편적 교재 중 하나였다. 미암은 『유합』의 두 가지 문제에 특히 주의를 기울이고 『신증유합』을 편찬하게 된다. 『유합』은 수록 글자가 많지 않기 때문에 중요한 글자 중에 누락된 글자가 많다는 사실에 주목했다. 다음으로 『신증유합』의 서문과 발문을 통해 ‘승려를 존중하고 유가의 성현을 배척’하는 내용이 포함되어 있어 『유합』을 수정 증보하게 되었다고 밝히고 있다. 『유합』에서 『신증유합』으로의 개정과정은 세 가지 방식으로 구현된다. 첫째, 『유합』에 사용된 글자를 삭제한 경우로 ①최소 단위로서 일상에서 자주 사용되지 않는 한자, ②다른 한자와 구문으로 결합하여 의미 구성이 부자연스러운 경우, ③기타 이데올로기적인 문제에 대한 부분 세 가지 유형으로 나눌 수 있다. 둘째, 『유합』에 사용된 글자를 다른 위치에 배치한 경우로 ①6자 구성의 『유합』을 『신증유합』에서 4자 구성으로 변경하는 과정에서 운자를 맞추기 위해 사용자의 위치를 변경한 경우, ②6자 구성의 『유합』을 『신증유합』에서 4자 구성으로 변경하는 과정에서 의미 구성이 부자연스러운 경우, ③기타 이데올로기적인 문제에 대한 부분 세 가지로 정리해 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 새로운 글자를 포함하여 학습자에게 풍부한 자료를 제공하는 방식으로 미암은 『신증유합』을 上․下 2권으로 구성하면서 하권에 총 3개 유목(心術․動止․事物)에 해당하는 한자를 배정하였는데, 心術․動止의 경우가 1,496자로 가장 큰 부분을 차지한다. 『신증유합』에서 표제자의 범위를 확장하는 경우, 해당 유목을 종합하는 마지막 구문은 수정하지 않고, 유목의 내용부에 해당하는 부분에만 글자를 추가하는 방식으로 수정 증보하였음을 확인하였다. 『신증유합』은 『유합』의 성과를 계승하여 발전적인 한자․한문 학습서로의 변모를 시도한 결과물이다. 본고는 『유합』과 『신증유합』에 사용된 한자어 전체를 분석하여 『유합』의 증보를 통해 미암이 자학서로서 『신증유합』에서 구현하고자 했던 목표를 조망하고, 『신증유합』의 한자․한문 학습서로서의 가치를 검토하였다.

344

󰡔四聲通解󰡕의 魚語御韻과 模姥暮韻에 인용된 󰡔蒙古韻略󰡕과 󰡔蒙古字韻󰡕의 비교 연구

곡효운

[NRF 연계] 한국중국언어학회 중국언어연구 Vol.94 2021.06 pp.1-36

...Yun-Lüe” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御) and Mú́ (模) Mǔ (姥) Mù (暮) Rhyme. This paper makes a comparative analysis of these words and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, and the results are as follows:1)The Chinese [-əu] sound is translated into /-uw/ in the Phags-pa character of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. The Hunminjeongeum of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” is translated into /--əw /. The transliteration of the Phags-pa character /-uw/ is similar to the /-ou/ of Hanyu Pinyin, and the transliteration of the Hunminjeongeum is consistent with the IPA mark. 2)“醵” has 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giɛw] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giɛw] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “柱” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”,but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [tʃiu] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “紵” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [tʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “輸” has 平聲 [ʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [ʃiu] and 去聲 [ʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”;3)The included words of “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” are based on “Hongwu Zhengyun”. The words with the same pronunciation in Hongwu Zhengyun and “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” are included first, and The words with inconsistent pronunciation in the two books are included later, and marked with he Yin of “Mongolian Rhyme”. Choi Se-Jin added “續添字” which is not included in “Hongwu Zhengyun” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae”, some of which can also be found in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. This paper speculates that such “續添字” may also be included in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”. 4)“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” have 魚母, and the Basiba character is /’- /, which is different from the 喩母’s / j- /, but Choi Se-Jin’s transliteration is /ㅇ/, So the actual sound values of the two initials are both zero consonants [ø-]. 5)The “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚́) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)) has two vowels [-u] and [-iu], but the [i] in [-iu] is affected by the subsequent lip vowel u, and the actual sound value is close to that of the lips [y], so the Phags-pa character is pronounced as /ė/, Hunminjeongeum does not have such a vowel, And there is no phoneme opposition between the lip-sensitive [i] and the essential [i], so the Hunminjeongeum is called [i]. Through the transliteration of the Phags-pa and Hunminjeongeum of the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚́) (“Meng-Gu- Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)), Prove that [y] vowels were not generated at the time of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”)’s writing. 6)Cui Shizhen’s records of “Gu Jin Yun Hui”, including “迂”, are consistent with the “Gu Jin Yun Hui Ju Yao”. Masahiro Hanato (1997:71) argued that it can be clarified from Cui Shizhen’s notes that the “rhyming meeting” seen by Cui Shizhen is “ancient and modern rhyming meeting” rather than “ancient and modern rhyming meeting”, which is wrong.

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원문보기

Choi Se-Jin makes a comparative analysis of the pronunciation of some words marked “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御) and Mú́ (模) Mǔ (姥) Mù (暮) Rhyme. This paper makes a comparative analysis of these words and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, and the results are as follows:1)The Chinese [-əu] sound is translated into /-uw/ in the Phags-pa character of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. The Hunminjeongeum of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” is translated into /--əw /. The transliteration of the Phags-pa character /-uw/ is similar to the /-ou/ of Hanyu Pinyin, and the transliteration of the Hunminjeongeum is consistent with the IPA mark. 2)“醵” has 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giɛw] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [giu] and 入聲 [giɛw] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “柱” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”,but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [tʃiu] and 去聲 [giu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “紵” has 上聲 [dʒiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 上聲 [dʒiu] and 上聲 [tʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”; “輸” has 平聲 [ʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, but there is 平聲 [ʃiu] and 去聲 [ʃiu] in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”;3)The included words of “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae” are based on “Hongwu Zhengyun”. The words with the same pronunciation in Hongwu Zhengyun and “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” are included first, and The words with inconsistent pronunciation in the two books are included later, and marked with he Yin of “Mongolian Rhyme”. Choi Se-Jin added “續添字” which is not included in “Hongwu Zhengyun” in “Sa-Seong-tong-Hae”, some of which can also be found in “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. This paper speculates that such “續添字” may also be included in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”. 4)“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” have 魚母, and the Basiba character is /’- /, which is different from the 喩母’s / j- /, but Choi Se-Jin’s transliteration is /ㅇ/, So the actual sound values of the two initials are both zero consonants [ø-]. 5)The “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚́) (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)) has two vowels [-u] and [-iu], but the [i] in [-iu] is affected by the subsequent lip vowel u, and the actual sound value is close to that of the lips [y], so the Phags-pa character is pronounced as /ė/, Hunminjeongeum does not have such a vowel, And there is no phoneme opposition between the lip-sensitive [i] and the essential [i], so the Hunminjeongeum is called [i]. Through the transliteration of the Phags-pa and Hunminjeongeum of the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” Rhymes of Yú (魚́) (“Meng-Gu- Yun-Lüe” Rhymes of Yú (魚́), Yǔ (語), Yù (御)), Prove that [y] vowels were not generated at the time of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” (“Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe”)’s writing. 6)Cui Shizhen’s records of “Gu Jin Yun Hui”, including “迂”, are consistent with the “Gu Jin Yun Hui Ju Yao”. Masahiro Hanato (1997:71) argued that it can be clarified from Cui Shizhen’s notes that the “rhyming meeting” seen by Cui Shizhen is “ancient and modern rhyming meeting” rather than “ancient and modern rhyming meeting”, which is wrong.

345

虛詞 詞典에 보이는 個別字의 품사분류 異同 연구(一)- ‘之’ㆍ‘其’ㆍ‘所’ㆍ‘者’ㆍ‘於’ㆍ‘于’ㆍ‘以’ㆍ‘與’-

임명화

[NRF 연계] 중국인문학회 중국인문과학 Vol.38 2008.04 pp.41-75

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346

兪鎭午の東洋主義 ー太平洋戰爭中の兪鎭午の對日論理ー

호사카유지

[NRF 연계] 동아시아일본학회 일본문화연구 Vol.14 2005.04 pp.133-159

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347

구 한말 유길준의 정치· 사회· 경제론: 「서유견문」을 중심으로

우홍준

[NRF 연계] 한국행정학회 한국행정학보 Vol.38 No.1 2004.02 pp.197-218

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원문보기

본 연구는 구 한말 근대적 정치, 사회, 경제제도에 대한 대중 계몽서 「서유견문」에 나타난 유길준의 정치·사회·경제사상에 관한 것이다. 이 책은 당시 출판되어 근대적인 사상과 제도에 대한 대중의 인식을 확립함으로써 한국근대사의 형성의 첫 토대를 이룬 책이다. 본 연구에서는 그의 사상이 역사에 미친 영향력의 관점에서 당시 대중에게 제시된 그대로의 모습을 제시하고자 한다. 그는 종래의 조선사회가 도리위주의 세계, 농업경제, 공동체사회, 가산군주제, 전제적 정부인데 대해 물리위주의 세계, 상품경제, 결사체사회, 입헌군주제, 제한적 정부 등을 주장하였다.

348

유현목 문예영화의 원작 변용과 반공주의-'카인의 후예','불꽃','장마'를 중심으로

구모경

[NRF 연계] 대중서사학회 대중서사연구 Vol.24 No.1 2018.02 pp.57-90

...Yu Hyun-Mok is positioned as a representative intelligent film writer of Korean film industry. His status as a film auteur is originated from literary film. He established the world of works by appropriating themes of literary works as film language. As a displaced person and protestant, he internalizes the anticommunist ideology by experiencing the violence of water in daily life. Thus, his anticommunist ideology is not just originated from policy, but similar to his belief system. Anticommunism was not only the ruling ideology of the Park Chung-Hee regime, but also internalized by the national voluntary agreement. specifically, this study is intended to demonstrate the theme related to anti-communism with the comparative analysis of narration throughout the author's original novel. This paper considered the characteristics of anticommunist films shown in the process of media change, targeting Yu Hyun-Mok's novel <Descendants of Cain>, <Flame>, and <Rainy Days>. Yu Hyun-Mok focuses on the faithful reproduction of original stories. He visualizes the healing of wound from war through the chaotic time/space right before war in <Descendants of Cain>, through the humanistic and proactive subject in <Flame>, and through shamanism in <Rainy Days>. Regarding the appropriation aspect of films, owing to the set-up of genre as anticommunist film, the anticommunism is strengthened compared to the original. Anticommunist films desired by policy have the schematism expressing inhumane communists, which violates the artistry. Even though Yu Hyun-Mok's anticommunist films aimed to overcome the schematism through literary films, they still follow the schematism of anticommunist films of expressing inhumane communists.

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유현목은 한국영화계를 대표하는 지성적 영화작가로 통하며, 그 위상은 문예영화에서 출발한다. 그는 문학작품을 영화언어로 전유하여 작품세계를 구축했다. 유현목의 작품세계에 나타나는 주요한 주제인 ‘분단과 이데올로기의 문제’는 실향민이며 기독교 신자로서의 정체성에 기반한다. 유현목은 일상에서 전쟁의 폭력을 체험함으로써 반공주의를 내면화하였다. 전후세대들 대부분은 전쟁체험으로 반공주의를 내면화했고, 박정희 정권에서는 반공주의를 지배이데올로기로 전유했다. 이에 반공영화는 문화통치전략의 수단으로써 체제에 순응적인 주체로 만들어내는 효과적인 도구였다. 따라서 반공영화는 한국의 시대적 특수성을 살펴볼 수 있는 요긴한 텍스트이다. 본고에서는 그동안 유현목의 영화들 중 주변화되었던 <카인의 후예>, <불꽃>, <장마>를 대상으로 원작의 수용 양상과 반공주의적 특성에 대해 규명하고자 하였다. <카인의 후예>는 ‘전쟁 직전의 혼란한 시공간’을, <불꽃>은 ‘행동하는 휴머니즘적 주체’를, <장마>는 ‘샤머니즘을 통해 전쟁의 상흔을 치유’하는 것을 시각화하였다. 감독은 원작의 서사와 주제의식을 수렴하여 영화기법을 통해 재현하지만 반공주의적 특성이 강화되는 매체적 차이가 발생한다. ‘비인간적인 공산주의자’로의 인물의 성격적 자질을 강화한 것이다. 박정희 정권이 요구한 ‘비인간적인 공산주의자’로 대표되는 반공영화의 도식성은 영화감독의 창의적 상상력과 예술성을 침해했다. 유현목의 영화 역시 인물 형상화에 있어서는 반공영화의 도식성을 따르고 있지만 원작의 서사와 주제의식을 자신만의 영화기법으로 전유함으로써 영상미학의 지평을 넓혔다.

Yu Hyun-Mok is positioned as a representative intelligent film writer of Korean film industry. His status as a film auteur is originated from literary film. He established the world of works by appropriating themes of literary works as film language. As a displaced person and protestant, he internalizes the anticommunist ideology by experiencing the violence of water in daily life. Thus, his anticommunist ideology is not just originated from policy, but similar to his belief system. Anticommunism was not only the ruling ideology of the Park Chung-Hee regime, but also internalized by the national voluntary agreement. specifically, this study is intended to demonstrate the theme related to anti-communism with the comparative analysis of narration throughout the author's original novel. This paper considered the characteristics of anticommunist films shown in the process of media change, targeting Yu Hyun-Mok's novel <Descendants of Cain>, <Flame>, and <Rainy Days>. Yu Hyun-Mok focuses on the faithful reproduction of original stories. He visualizes the healing of wound from war through the chaotic time/space right before war in <Descendants of Cain>, through the humanistic and proactive subject in <Flame>, and through shamanism in <Rainy Days>. Regarding the appropriation aspect of films, owing to the set-up of genre as anticommunist film, the anticommunism is strengthened compared to the original. Anticommunist films desired by policy have the schematism expressing inhumane communists, which violates the artistry. Even though Yu Hyun-Mok's anticommunist films aimed to overcome the schematism through literary films, they still follow the schematism of anticommunist films of expressing inhumane communists.

349

대한제국기 ‘유신(維新)’의 정치학— 개념의 치환과 「일본유신 30년사」—

이예안

[NRF 연계] 한림대학교 한림과학원 개념과 소통 Vol.14 2014.12 pp.61-94

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왕조교체기를 맞이하거나 국정개혁을 도모하고자 한 조선의 역대 왕들은 ‘유신(維新)’을 기치로 내걸고 새로운 정국의 시작을 천명했다. 전통적 유신 개념은 다음과 같은 점들에서 특징적이었다. 첫째, 유신은 현재 이해되고 있는 것보다 훨씬 결정적으로 국가통치이념 및 제도와 관계되는 개념이었다. 둘째,순환적 역사관 속에서 정치개혁은 이상적인 ‘구(舊)’의 상태로 거듭나게 하는의미로 ‘신(新)’을 지향하는 것이었으며, ‘복고’와 ‘혁신’을 동시에 의미하는 것이었다. 셋째, 그러한 역사관 속에서 왕조 교체 또한 순환적인 것으로 이해되고 있었다. 이러한 전통적 개념은 개항기 이후 ‘유신’의 모델로서 ‘메이지유신’이 거론되면서 균열되기 시작했다. 순환적 역사관의 신구 관념에서 탈각한 ‘신’은 ‘구’를잘라 버리고, 진보주의와 결합하여 문명개화를 뜻하게 되었다. 그리고 그에따라 전통적 유신 개념을 이루는 도덕적 측면과 제도적 측면도 분리되었다. 그러한 균열의 기폭제로 작용한 것이 1906년 『황성신문』에서 번역․연재한 「일본유신 30년사(日本維新三十年史)」이다. 그런데 이 번역의 원저인 일본서 「메이지 30년사(明治三十年史)」는 황국사관, 일본주의, 진보주의 입장에서 그 시발점으로서 메이지유신을 위치시키고, 그 결실로서 일본이 문명개화․근대화되었다는 인식에서 기술된 것이었다. 이에 대하여 『황성신문』의 「일본유신 30년사」는 일본서에서 제시한 것들을유신의 과정으로 이해하고 대한제국 국가 경영과 진보를 위하여 학술과 사상으로서 학습해야 할 대상으로 소개함으로써 유신 개념을 해체·왜곡시키는데 결정적인 역할을 하게 된다. 유신은 그 궁극 대상인 국가정치와 차단되었으며, 그 과정에서 폐기되었던 도덕적 측면은 ‘국민사상’으로서 ‘충군애국’으로부활하였다. 대한제국의 유신 개념은 그 안에 메이지유신이라는 문명개화의지표가 침투하여 터 잡음으로써 국가정치의 정통성과도 근본적 정치개혁이라는 진보성과도 고리가 단절되어, 국민․도덕․교육․애국 개념들이 만들어 낸 폐쇄회로 속에서 맴돌고 있었다.

350

유길준의「서유견문(西遊見聞)」에 나타난 초등교육의 공교육성과 본질

정희숙

[NRF 연계] 한국열린교육학회 열린교육연구 Vol.11 No.1 2003.06 pp.1-22

...Yu, Kil-Juns public educational thoughts of elementary education on 『Sae Yu Gyun Moon 』in Koreas the modern timesChung, Hee-SookEwha Educational Research InstituteThe study is to examine on the public educational thoughts in elementary education onSeo Yu Gyun Moon which was written by one of Korea’s Enlightenmemt time’s scholar ofeducation. Yu Gil Junhad taken a great part in innovating Korea’s modern elementaryeducation. His work Seo Yu Gyun Moon has it’s meaning as the first book to introduce modernelementary education as public education which has it’s base in the western education system. Thus the next of this study will show the Elementary Education as Public education andthe identification of it examining things as follows: forming process of Yu Gil Jun’sEnlightenment thought based on “Western way, Eastern Education”; children-respecting thought

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A study on Yu, Kil-Juns public educational thoughts of elementary education on 『Sae Yu Gyun Moon 』in Koreas the modern timesChung, Hee-SookEwha Educational Research InstituteThe study is to examine on the public educational thoughts in elementary education onSeo Yu Gyun Moon which was written by one of Korea’s Enlightenmemt time’s scholar ofeducation. Yu Gil Junhad taken a great part in innovating Korea’s modern elementaryeducation. His work Seo Yu Gyun Moon has it’s meaning as the first book to introduce modernelementary education as public education which has it’s base in the western education system. Thus the next of this study will show the Elementary Education as Public education andthe identification of it examining things as follows: forming process of Yu Gil Jun’sEnlightenment thought based on “Western way, Eastern Education”; children-respecting thought

351

“乘輿”ㆍ“輿地圖”와 戰國秦漢시기의 天下國家觀

楊振紅, 尙宇昌

[NRF 연계] 동양사학회 동양사학연구 Vol.166 2024.03 pp.1-38

...Yu(乘輿)” is not attached to distinct attributions in identity during the pre-Qin period, while according to the renaming document in Liye Qin bamboo slips, the first emperor of Qin changes it to a special appellation of the emperor after he have unified China. In later stage of the period of Warring States, there are several ideas about great unification and national thoughts of “Tian Xia(天下)” like “the sky is a cover and the ground is a vehicle(天爲蓋, 地爲輿)” or “Tian Zi(天子) takes Tian Xia as his home and he is not supposed to always stay in palaces at the capital but travel round Tian Xia on his vehicle(天子以天下爲家, 不以京師宮室爲常處, 則當乘車輿以行天下)” prevailing, which directly influence the first emperor of Qin. Regarding Tian Xia as his own country, he compares it to a “Yu(輿)” and considers himself as a wise emperor who travels round on it. “Yu Di Tu(輿地圖)” is also new appellations created under the influence of this concept. Since then, appellations like “Yu Di Tu” and “Yu Tian” are inherited by the later dynasties, and they have accompanied the emperor system from beginning to end.

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“Cheng Yu(乘輿)” is not attached to distinct attributions in identity during the pre-Qin period, while according to the renaming document in Liye Qin bamboo slips, the first emperor of Qin changes it to a special appellation of the emperor after he have unified China. In later stage of the period of Warring States, there are several ideas about great unification and national thoughts of “Tian Xia(天下)” like “the sky is a cover and the ground is a vehicle(天爲蓋, 地爲輿)” or “Tian Zi(天子) takes Tian Xia as his home and he is not supposed to always stay in palaces at the capital but travel round Tian Xia on his vehicle(天子以天下爲家, 不以京師宮室爲常處, 則當乘車輿以行天下)” prevailing, which directly influence the first emperor of Qin. Regarding Tian Xia as his own country, he compares it to a “Yu(輿)” and considers himself as a wise emperor who travels round on it. “Yu Di Tu(輿地圖)” is also new appellations created under the influence of this concept. Since then, appellations like “Yu Di Tu” and “Yu Tian” are inherited by the later dynasties, and they have accompanied the emperor system from beginning to end.

352

李漁≪十二樓≫中的女性群像以及由此表現出的李漁的女性觀

WANG FEIYAN

[NRF 연계] 중국어문연구회 중국어문논총 Vol.72 2015.12 pp.245-268

...yu’s Twelve Structures (≪十二樓≫) and analyzes Li yu’s views of womanhood expressed in his classic collection of stories. The ancient Chinese literati held that a man under the influence of wine or women should not be judged. This implied women were less than fully human, with their own thoughts and needs, but were rather like wine, a source of pleasure. In keeping with the era, Li yu’s Twelve Structures pays no heed to female autonomy or character except for Lady Shu’s(舒娘子) in ‘Fengxian Structure’(<奉先樓>). In general, women are seen like toys to give, sell or play with. Some might be clever, beautiful, or special somehow, yet dutiful treatment, such as faithfulness to them, was simply not their due. Li yu’s depictions of womanhood vary somewhat by class. His writing on underclass women is full of jokes and shows them like chess pieces in games men play. He writes with less frivolity and more reserve about higher class and noble-women. As a working writer, Liyu had to consider what would sell. Most of his stories thus feel fresh and novel. Only in Fengxian Structure, is his tone grave and sober. Lady Shu is, of course, a highly respectable woman. Li yu’s basic low evaluation of women was common and acceptable among late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty Period literary men. His book still reveals some realistic aspects of women’s lives in that time.

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This paper studies the female imagery in Li yu’s Twelve Structures (≪十二樓≫) and analyzes Li yu’s views of womanhood expressed in his classic collection of stories. The ancient Chinese literati held that a man under the influence of wine or women should not be judged. This implied women were less than fully human, with their own thoughts and needs, but were rather like wine, a source of pleasure. In keeping with the era, Li yu’s Twelve Structures pays no heed to female autonomy or character except for Lady Shu’s(舒娘子) in ‘Fengxian Structure’(<奉先樓>). In general, women are seen like toys to give, sell or play with. Some might be clever, beautiful, or special somehow, yet dutiful treatment, such as faithfulness to them, was simply not their due. Li yu’s depictions of womanhood vary somewhat by class. His writing on underclass women is full of jokes and shows them like chess pieces in games men play. He writes with less frivolity and more reserve about higher class and noble-women. As a working writer, Liyu had to consider what would sell. Most of his stories thus feel fresh and novel. Only in Fengxian Structure, is his tone grave and sober. Lady Shu is, of course, a highly respectable woman. Li yu’s basic low evaluation of women was common and acceptable among late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty Period literary men. His book still reveals some realistic aspects of women’s lives in that time.

353

《三國志》中“于”和“於”的用法研究

黃娟

[NRF 연계] 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 漢字硏究 Vol.32 2022.04 pp.225-258

...Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” both exist in The History of the Three Kingdoms, while the frequency of usages are different, with same and different usages. This paper takes The History of the Three Kingdoms During Shaoxi Period of Song Dynasty (The Twenty-Four Histories in Collection of Various Editions) as the research material, and investigates the usages of the words “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” in it, also referring to the other three editions of The History of the Three Kingdoms and checking each other to clarify the words and usages. In The History of the Three Kingdoms, “Yu (於)” appears 4544 times, “Yu (于)” appears 861 times, and the usage ratio is 5.28:1. “Yu (於)” is more widely and frequently used than “Yu (于)”. These two words are used most abundantly as prepositions. The prepositions “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” can both guide the complements of time and place, as well as elicit action objects and express passiveness. Additionally, in the three pairs of common phrases, the usages and meanings of the corresponding words are same. The difference is that the preposition “Yu (於)” has more plentiful usages and fixed usages of “Yushi (於是)” and “Zaiyu (在於)”, moreover, “Yu (於)” is often used after war verbs, and “Yu (于)” is rarely used. Furthermore, “Yu (於)” can be used as an interjection, and “Yu (于)” in proper nouns cannot be written as “Yu (於)”. It can be seen that, different from the pre-Qin period, the grammatical function of “Yu (於)” in The History of the Three Kingdoms is much stronger than that of “Yu (于)”, which reflects the trend that the weakening of the usages of “Yu (于)” in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the function of “Yu (於)” is gradually becoming stronger. Besides, there are many usages preserved through “Yu (於)” from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese.

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Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” both exist in The History of the Three Kingdoms, while the frequency of usages are different, with same and different usages. This paper takes The History of the Three Kingdoms During Shaoxi Period of Song Dynasty (The Twenty-Four Histories in Collection of Various Editions) as the research material, and investigates the usages of the words “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” in it, also referring to the other three editions of The History of the Three Kingdoms and checking each other to clarify the words and usages. In The History of the Three Kingdoms, “Yu (於)” appears 4544 times, “Yu (于)” appears 861 times, and the usage ratio is 5.28:1. “Yu (於)” is more widely and frequently used than “Yu (于)”. These two words are used most abundantly as prepositions. The prepositions “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” can both guide the complements of time and place, as well as elicit action objects and express passiveness. Additionally, in the three pairs of common phrases, the usages and meanings of the corresponding words are same. The difference is that the preposition “Yu (於)” has more plentiful usages and fixed usages of “Yushi (於是)” and “Zaiyu (在於)”, moreover, “Yu (於)” is often used after war verbs, and “Yu (于)” is rarely used. Furthermore, “Yu (於)” can be used as an interjection, and “Yu (于)” in proper nouns cannot be written as “Yu (於)”. It can be seen that, different from the pre-Qin period, the grammatical function of “Yu (於)” in The History of the Three Kingdoms is much stronger than that of “Yu (于)”, which reflects the trend that the weakening of the usages of “Yu (于)” in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the function of “Yu (於)” is gradually becoming stronger. Besides, there are many usages preserved through “Yu (於)” from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese.

354

유제양(柳濟陽:1846~1922)의가족과 친족 교류-『시언(是言)』을 중심으로-

박미해

[NRF 연계] 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 동아시아문화연구 Vol.83 2020.11 pp.13-32

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이 논문은 한말 양반가의 친족교류를 부계친과 비부계친의 사례로 비교 분석하고 있다. 구례 오미동에 살았던 유제양(柳濟陽:1846~1922)의 일기를 분석하여 밝혀진 것은 유씨가의 친족 네트워크가 상당히 광범위하였다는 사실이다. 대체로 유씨가에서는 부계 8촌들 간에 주로 교류하는 친밀한 사이였으나, 상당히 먼 촌수의 부계친들 간에도 안부는 확인하고 있었다. 부계사촌은 거의 친형제나 다름없었으며, 삼촌은 부모와 같이 대했으며, 당숙까지도 매우 친밀하게 지냈다. 8촌 이내의 부계친간에는 관혼상제에 참여하고 다른 한편 시모임으로 친목과 정서적 교감을 나누었다. 비부계친인 외가와 처가의 친족들과는 정서적 교류를 주로 하나, 모계친들은 친족으로 인식하는 범위가 넓었다. 재취 부인의 처계친들과는 물질적․정서적 교류를 갖는 친밀한 관계이나, 일찍 죽은 초취부인의 친정과는 덜 친하다. 혼인한 딸들이 사망한 후에도 사위들은 처가인 유씨 집안의 대소사와 문상, 그리고 일상적 방문에 참여하고 있고, 유제양은 외손들의 교육과 혼인에 참여하여 살뜰히 보살피며 물질적․정서적으로 친밀한 관계를 유지하고 있었다. 사위나 며느리 집안의 사돈들과도 친하게 지냈는데, 이들은 유씨 집안과 기존 혼반으로 얽혀져 있는 관계이거나, 유제양이 주관하였던 구례 오미동을 중심으로 모이는 시모임에도 참여하는 사이였다. 유제양의 친족관계는 비부계친과도 활발히 교류하는 모습을 보여주며, 이것은 부계친만을 강조되었던 기존의 연구결과들과는 달리, 조선후기에도 긴밀한 인척관계가 이어지고 있었음을 보여주는 것이다.

355

계곡(谿谷) 장유(張維) 우언 연구

임유경

[NRF 연계] 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 한국문화연구 Vol.25 2013.12 pp.61-102

...yu’s “yu-yen,” which refer to didactic fables practiced in East Asia. Its aim is to consider yu-yen’s category and characteristics and how it has changed its shape and form throughout the history of traditional Korean literature. The goal of this paper is to select literary works that can be categorized as yu-yen after reviewing pieces by Gyegok;and analyze the literary works that have not been highlighted as much in the past. As the foundation for this effort, the paper takes an overriding look at past works on the subject as yu-yen as a genre and discusses the definition and category of yu-yen. Researchers who specialize in yu-yen have failed to narrow their differences on what constitutes the genre, despite the sizable amount of research already done on the issue. To encourage narrowing of the gap, the paper suggests certain criteria literary works have to meet to be considered yu-yen. The paper does not consider adopted or transformed styles of yu-yen as the original form of the literary work but only the simple styles of yu-yen. It also analyzes yu-yen’s narrative motive and describes its militant, political, and playful characteristics as the most outstanding features. Yu-yen’s mode of narration is lineal and one-dimensional. There are also multiple storytellers that symbolize conflict clause. Such clause is repeated in fictional space and time-and to make such conflict and debate believable, authentic precedent or popular opinion is used. This type of narrative is helpful is reaching yu-yen’s ultimate goal of edification, satire, and literary pleasure. Of the 12 stories, the paper takes an in-depth look at <BooJangBooHae> and <YongJolDangKi> to see how yu-yen’s characteristics as a genre have been depicted in individual works and also explore the yu-yen’s individual traits. The paper provides a unique perspective on yu-yen as a genre-and through it, specifies the literary works that can be categorized as such as well as explore its own characteristics.

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본고는 계곡 장유의 우언 작품을 통해 우언의 범주와 특성을 재고하고 한국고전문학사에 있어 우언 장르의 모습과 흐름을 살피려는 시도의 하나이다. 계곡 장유의 작품을 고찰하여 우언으로 분류될 수 있는 작품을 선별하고 그 중 주목을 받지 못했던 작품들을 분석하였다. 그를 위한 기초 단계로 우언 장르론의 연구 성과를 살펴보고 우언의 정의와 범주에 대해서도 논하였다. 장르로서의 우언 연구가 시작된 이래 많은 연구 성과가 축적되었음에도 불구하고 연구자들 간에 의견 격차가 매우 커서 우언 범주에 대한 합의가 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 그 격차를 좁히기 위해 우언 범주에 대한 규정을 제시했다. 기존 우언 연구에서 사용되었던 양식 차용 우언, 양식 변환 우언 개념을 사용하지 않고 단형 우언과 유사한 의미로 현대 장르 개념인 “우언”으로 범주를 제한했다. 그리고 우언의 서술 목적을 분석하여 우언의 대표적 특성으로 투쟁적, 정치적, 유희적 목적에 대해 언급했다. 우언의 서사 방식은 직선적, 평면적 서사 전개 방식이다. 그리고 의견 대립항을 대표하는 복수 화자가 등장한다. 대립항 사이의 갈등은 허구적 시공간에서 재현되는데 이 갈등과 논쟁을 믿을 만한 것으로 만들기 위해 전고나 여론을 활용한다. 이러한 서사 방식을 통해 작가와 독자는 우언의 궁극적 목표인 교화, 풍자, 유희성을 얻게 된다. 선정된 11 작품 중 <부장부해(覆醬瓿解)>와 <용졸당기(用拙堂記)> 분석을 통해 우언의 장르적 특성이 개별 작품 속에 어떻게 형상화 됐는지를 살폈고, 장유 우언의 개성적 면모 또한 살펴보았다. 그러므로 본고는 우언 장르론에 관한 하나의 시각을 제안하고, 그를 통해 우언으로 다루어야 할 작품들의 범주와 구체적 특성들을 드러내는 것에서 의미를 가질 수 있다.

This academic writing focuses on Gyegok Chang-yu’s “yu-yen,” which refer to didactic fables practiced in East Asia. Its aim is to consider yu-yen’s category and characteristics and how it has changed its shape and form throughout the history of traditional Korean literature. The goal of this paper is to select literary works that can be categorized as yu-yen after reviewing pieces by Gyegok;and analyze the literary works that have not been highlighted as much in the past. As the foundation for this effort, the paper takes an overriding look at past works on the subject as yu-yen as a genre and discusses the definition and category of yu-yen. Researchers who specialize in yu-yen have failed to narrow their differences on what constitutes the genre, despite the sizable amount of research already done on the issue. To encourage narrowing of the gap, the paper suggests certain criteria literary works have to meet to be considered yu-yen. The paper does not consider adopted or transformed styles of yu-yen as the original form of the literary work but only the simple styles of yu-yen. It also analyzes yu-yen’s narrative motive and describes its militant, political, and playful characteristics as the most outstanding features. Yu-yen’s mode of narration is lineal and one-dimensional. There are also multiple storytellers that symbolize conflict clause. Such clause is repeated in fictional space and time-and to make such conflict and debate believable, authentic precedent or popular opinion is used. This type of narrative is helpful is reaching yu-yen’s ultimate goal of edification, satire, and literary pleasure. Of the 12 stories, the paper takes an in-depth look at <BooJangBooHae> and <YongJolDangKi> to see how yu-yen’s characteristics as a genre have been depicted in individual works and also explore the yu-yen’s individual traits. The paper provides a unique perspective on yu-yen as a genre-and through it, specifies the literary works that can be categorized as such as well as explore its own characteristics.

356

차오위 희곡 번역과 수용 연구-오스트롭스키, 차오위, 김광주의 『뇌우』를 중심으로-

전려원

[NRF 연계] 국제어문학회 국제어문 Vol.98 2023.09 pp.345-379

...Yu’s The Thunderstorm was strongly influenced by Ostrovsky’sdrama, which was translated by Kim Gwangju during the liberationperiod. This study examines in detail the characteristics of Ostrovsky’sand Cao Yu’s work of the same name, and reevaluates the Koreantranslation and its performance through an empirical comparison withCao Yu’s work. This study aims to reveal the context of translationsacross Russia, China, and Korea over nearly a century and its literaryhistorical significance. Ostrovsky’s The Thunderstorm was a famousand important play that exposed issues of generational conflict, class,and gender through a family tragedy in Russia in the 1850s. Cao Yuactively criticized feudalism and patriarchy in China by reinterpretingand rewriting Ostrovsky’s work to adapt it to the social conditions andhistorical features of the 1930s. Kim Gwangju faithfully translated thefirst edition of Cao Yu’s The Thunderstorm, reflecting the realities ofKorea and the spirit of the times during the liberation period. Histranslation was especially important because it drew Koreans’ attentionto Cao Yu and Chinese modern drama.

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오스트롭스키의 희곡에 큰 영향을 받은 차오위의 뇌우는 해방기 김광주에의해 번역되었다. 이 연구는 오스트롭스키와 차오위의 동명의 작품이 지닌 특징을 상세히 검토하고, 차오위 원작과 김광주 번역의 양상 및 공연 상황을 실증적으로 비교하여 재평가했다. 이를 통해 근 100년에 걸쳐 러시아, 중국, 한국을가로지르는 번역의 맥락과 문학사적 의의를 고찰했다. 오스트롭스키의 뇌우는불륜을 둘러싼 가정 비극을 통해 1850년대 러시아의 세대 갈등, 계급 모순, 젠더 문제를 드러낸 문제작이다. 차오위는 오스트롭스키의 뇌우를 1930년대 중국의 사회상과 역사성에 맞게 재해석하는 다시 쓰기를 통해 봉건성과 가부장제를 적극적으로 비판했다. 김광주는 차오위의 뇌우 초판을 매우 충실하게 번역하여 해방기 한국의 현실과 시대정신을 잘 드러냈다. 특히 김광주의 번역은 한국에서 차오위와 중국 근대극에 주목하게 된 계기라는 점에서 중요하다.

Cao Yu’s The Thunderstorm was strongly influenced by Ostrovsky’sdrama, which was translated by Kim Gwangju during the liberationperiod. This study examines in detail the characteristics of Ostrovsky’sand Cao Yu’s work of the same name, and reevaluates the Koreantranslation and its performance through an empirical comparison withCao Yu’s work. This study aims to reveal the context of translationsacross Russia, China, and Korea over nearly a century and its literaryhistorical significance. Ostrovsky’s The Thunderstorm was a famousand important play that exposed issues of generational conflict, class,and gender through a family tragedy in Russia in the 1850s. Cao Yuactively criticized feudalism and patriarchy in China by reinterpretingand rewriting Ostrovsky’s work to adapt it to the social conditions andhistorical features of the 1930s. Kim Gwangju faithfully translated thefirst edition of Cao Yu’s The Thunderstorm, reflecting the realities ofKorea and the spirit of the times during the liberation period. Histranslation was especially important because it drew Koreans’ attentionto Cao Yu and Chinese modern drama.

357

전상국의 장편 『유정의 사랑』과 ‘김유정 평전’

정호웅

[NRF 연계] 구보학회 구보학보 Vol.12 2015.06 pp.271-297

...Yu-jung, there are critical interpretations about Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature. In this artical I name it ‘A critical biography of Kim, Yu-jung’ and examined the critical interpretations in it. Especially I examined ‘new view of child of a concubine and theory of emotional constitution’, ‘origin of novel writing’, ‘creation method’, ‘humor’. The new view of child of a concubine is meaningful in the point of possibility of supposition that Kim, Yu-jung’s mother was the second wife of his father’s. The theory of emotional constitution is meaningful because it would possible to overcome environment determinism. The origin of novel writing of Kim, Yu-jung’s is for self-identification or self-search those were realized in the search of the other who was homogenous with himself and in the novel writing as the self-search. The interpretation of creation method is the most distinguished point. I can summarize as follows. 1)the spatiotemporal background is not certain. 2)the hero is a man of stupid. 3)the objectification of the object. The interpretation of creation method of Kim, Yu-jung’s make possible to understand the basis of Kim, Yu-jung’s literature. We meet the distinctive character in Kim, Yu-jung’s novels who could be named ‘a cold-hearted malefactor’. As told repeatedly in the critical biography of Kim, Yu-jung, in the novel where this character is centered, we can not see humor. This bring forward that it is needed to discuss about ‘Kim, Yu-jung’s literature and humor’ more subtlely. The critical interpretations about Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature in Jun, Sang-guk’s Love of Yu-jung make possible to understand Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature deeply and widely.

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전상국의 장편소설 「유정의 사랑」은 세 이야기로 구성되어 있는데 그 가운데 하나는 김유정의 삶과 문학에 대한 비평적 해석이다. 이 해석은 전지적 서술자, 작품의 두 남녀 주인공, 이따금 작품 가운데 얼굴을 내밀고 김유정의 삶과 문학에 대해 발언하는 작가(전상국) 등 여러 명에 의해 이루어진다. 본고에서는 이처럼 여러 사람에 의해 이루어지는, 김유정의삶과 문학에 대한 비평적 해석을 ‘김유정 평전’이라 이름 짓고, 이 가운데 들어 있는 의미 있는 해석들을 검토하고자 하였다. ‘김유정 평전’의 내용 가운데 우리가 검토 대상으로 삼은 것은 ‘서자설과 감성적 체질론’, ‘소설쓰기의 기원’, ‘창작방법론’, ‘인물성격과 해학’의 네 항목이다. ‘김유정 평전’이 제기한 서자설은 다른 한편 김유정의 생모가 아버지의후처일 수도 있다는 추측을 하게 이끄는 것이라는 점에서 중요한 의미를갖는다. ‘감성적 체질론’은 김유정의 빼어난 작가적 재능에 대한 감탄에서비롯된 것이다. 이것은 김유정 문학을 환경적 요인의 산물로 보는 기존의이해에서 벗어나게 이끈다는 점에서 큰 의미를 지니지만 다른 한편 환경적 요인과의 관련을 약화할 수도 있는 것이라는 문제점을 갖는 것이기도하다. ‘김유정 평전’에서는 위에서 살핀 정서적 체질론을 바탕으로 더 나아가김유정이 ‘자기 확인’을 위해서 그리고 ‘절망하기’ 위해서 스스로 외로움속으로 걸어들어 갔다, 라고 말한다. ‘김유정 평전’에서의 이 같은 통찰을참고할 때 김유정의 자기 확인 또는 자기 찾기가 한편으로는 자기와 동질적인 존재 찾기로 다른 한편으로는 자기 탐구 행위로서의 소설쓰기로 실현되었다는 이해가 가능할 것이다. ‘창작방법론’에 대한 고찰은 ‘김유정 평론’에서 가장 빛나는 부분인데다음 세 가지로 정리할 수 있다. 1) ‘시공간적 배경을 언제 어디라고 구체적으로 설정하지 않음’, ‘등장인물을 한껏 적게 설정함’, ‘등장인물들의 활동범위를 최대한 좁게 설정함’. 2) 주인공인 남자를 ‘어리석음, 멍청함’의인물로 그림. 3) 대상의 객관화. 김유정의 창작방법론에 대한 이 같은 통찰은 김유정 문학의 내용과 형식의 근본에 대한 이해를 가능하게 하는 것이라는 점에서 커다란 의미를 지닌다. 김유정 문학의 심부를 직관하고 있어 새로운 연구의 지평을 열고 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 김유정 소설 곳곳에는 비정의 악인이라 할 수 있는 개성적인 인물성격이 나오는데, 김유정 이전의 우리 소설에 나오는 악인 가운데 이처럼 기존의 어떤 규범적 가치와도 관계없는 인물은 거의 확인할 수 없다는 점에서 우리 소설사의 새 지평을 여는 것이라는 의미 부여가 가능하다. ‘김유정 평전’에서 지적하고 있듯 이런 비정의 인물이 중심에 놓인 소설에서는김유정 특유의 해학을 만날 수 없다. 이런 사실은 ‘김유정 문학과 해학’에대한 보다 섬세한 논의가 필요함을 제기하는 것이다. 전상국의 장편 「유정의 사랑」이 담고 있는 새로운 해석들은 당대 농촌현실의 증언, 토속성, 해학 등 몇 가지 개념에 갇혀 있었던 김유정의 삶과문학에 대한 넓고 깊은 이해를 가능하게 한다. 문학교육에서도 이를 적극적으로 수용함으로써 그 수준을 높여야 할 것이다.

In Jun, Sang-guk’s Love of Yu-jung, there are critical interpretations about Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature. In this artical I name it ‘A critical biography of Kim, Yu-jung’ and examined the critical interpretations in it. Especially I examined ‘new view of child of a concubine and theory of emotional constitution’, ‘origin of novel writing’, ‘creation method’, ‘humor’. The new view of child of a concubine is meaningful in the point of possibility of supposition that Kim, Yu-jung’s mother was the second wife of his father’s. The theory of emotional constitution is meaningful because it would possible to overcome environment determinism. The origin of novel writing of Kim, Yu-jung’s is for self-identification or self-search those were realized in the search of the other who was homogenous with himself and in the novel writing as the self-search. The interpretation of creation method is the most distinguished point. I can summarize as follows. 1)the spatiotemporal background is not certain. 2)the hero is a man of stupid. 3)the objectification of the object. The interpretation of creation method of Kim, Yu-jung’s make possible to understand the basis of Kim, Yu-jung’s literature. We meet the distinctive character in Kim, Yu-jung’s novels who could be named ‘a cold-hearted malefactor’. As told repeatedly in the critical biography of Kim, Yu-jung, in the novel where this character is centered, we can not see humor. This bring forward that it is needed to discuss about ‘Kim, Yu-jung’s literature and humor’ more subtlely. The critical interpretations about Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature in Jun, Sang-guk’s Love of Yu-jung make possible to understand Kim, Yu-jung’s life and literature deeply and widely.

358

청대 關羽의 神格化와 關公. 공연 양상

유진희

[NRF 연계] 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 중앙사론 Vol.35 2012.06 pp.395-424

...Yu was a general who had been active during the war with his sworn brothers, Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu had never expressed religious teachings in his lifetime. But becoming known as a loyal and righteous person through『Romance of the Three Kingdoms』 and other novels, he became an object of worship to the chinese government and people and finally was considered as a god continuously like Buddha, Confucius. In this paper, I considered the deification process by government and the performance aspect of Guan Gong drama in the Qing Dynasty when the most positively deification of Guan Yu was proceeded. Through this process, we can learn that the special treatment for Guan Yu by Qing Dynasty began from the early Qing Dynasty and the deification beyond respect of Guan Yu was proceeded with other political intentions though they was fascinated by Guan Yu's character through『Romance of the Three Kingdoms』. In Qing emperors' position, Guan Yu was a incarnation of loyalty and righteousness protecting Qing government. And they hoped that the people following Guan Yu give their fealty to the government. Thus, proactively lead by the Qing government deifying Guan Yu resulted in building Temple Of Guan Yu all over the country. It's easy to imagine that shrine visitors and merchants naturally loved and were inspired by Guan Yu play which was about the hero(Guan Yu) of these plays because stages were set up in Temple Of Guan Yu and Commercial center used for Guan Yu play. In this nation wide religeous environment of universal worship of Guan Yu, among royalties and people in line with their yearn for nations peace in unstable political climate in late Qing Dynasty brings forth mythical stories about Guan Yu that he protects the country and watches over them. In such social environment provides historical background in wide spreading of Guan Yu play.

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At the end of the Eastern Han to the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Yu was a general who had been active during the war with his sworn brothers, Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu had never expressed religious teachings in his lifetime. But becoming known as a loyal and righteous person through『Romance of the Three Kingdoms』 and other novels, he became an object of worship to the chinese government and people and finally was considered as a god continuously like Buddha, Confucius. In this paper, I considered the deification process by government and the performance aspect of Guan Gong drama in the Qing Dynasty when the most positively deification of Guan Yu was proceeded. Through this process, we can learn that the special treatment for Guan Yu by Qing Dynasty began from the early Qing Dynasty and the deification beyond respect of Guan Yu was proceeded with other political intentions though they was fascinated by Guan Yu's character through『Romance of the Three Kingdoms』. In Qing emperors' position, Guan Yu was a incarnation of loyalty and righteousness protecting Qing government. And they hoped that the people following Guan Yu give their fealty to the government. Thus, proactively lead by the Qing government deifying Guan Yu resulted in building Temple Of Guan Yu all over the country. It's easy to imagine that shrine visitors and merchants naturally loved and were inspired by Guan Yu play which was about the hero(Guan Yu) of these plays because stages were set up in Temple Of Guan Yu and Commercial center used for Guan Yu play. In this nation wide religeous environment of universal worship of Guan Yu, among royalties and people in line with their yearn for nations peace in unstable political climate in late Qing Dynasty brings forth mythical stories about Guan Yu that he protects the country and watches over them. In such social environment provides historical background in wide spreading of Guan Yu play.

359

≪說苑≫의 ‘於/于’ 전치사구 고찰

임명화

[NRF 연계] 중국인문학회 중국인문과학 Vol.49 2011.12 pp.37-53

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这篇文章是以西漢劉向寫的歷史故事集≪說苑≫里出現的介詞“於”和“于”作爲硏究對象, 進行分析語法功能. 西漢時期旣是從上古時期到中古時期的過度期, 又是新語法現象的萌芽期, 出現了很多新的語法現象. 本文要探討的“於”和“于”是古今字, 也是古代漢語里常見的虛詞之一, 通過考察這兩個介詞的≪說苑≫里的用法和出現頻度, 可以理解兩個介詞在西漢時期的各種用法和區別.

360

유관순 표상의 창출과 전승 - 해방 이후 제작된 유관순 영화의 내러티브를 중심으로 -

정종현

[NRF 연계] 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 한국문학연구 Vol.36 2009.06 pp.155-209

...Yu was a woman titled Korean national hero as icon of the Samil Independence Movement(on Mar. 1, 1919) and as representative of sufferings and resistances in colonial era. Historically, the emblem of Gwan-sun Yu which symbolizes national sacrifice and resistance was formed primarily by Korean nationalist group, independent government faction and Ewha School alumni after the 1945 Liberation of Korea. A heroic life story on Gwan-sun Yu (authored by Yeong-taek Jeon, 1948; against a background of Gwan-sun Yu Memorial Foundation and Korea Bibliography Publishing Committee) and a film titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(directed by Bong-chun Yun, 1948) based on her life story become original texts for framework and popularization of Gwan-sun Yu's emblem that has been handed down to this generation of Korean society. In the Year 1948 texts of Jeon and Yun, the sacrifice of a bold Korean girl student from a mission school called Ewha School became construed in a sense of nationalist and Christian martyrdom, and took a position of ethical authority for national legitimacy. This way, her political symbolism complied with cultural state planning where ruling elites who dominated the establishment of independent regime for South Korea aimed to give Korean national essence to southern state. Yun's 2nd film release titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(released in 1959) formed a narrative on Gwan-sun Yu in association with historical memory on areas below the 38th Parallel(including Gyeongju). Here, a political mechanism of location works to identify ‘South Korean’ nation as homogeneous persons. Gwan-sun Yu's emblem after the April Revolution(Apr. 19, 1960) becomes a critical case that demonstrates conflicts and rivalry between state (government) and civil society. Yun's 3rd film release titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(1966) suggests an evolution of previous Gwan-sun Yu's emblem, which is a combination of civil self-images(pursuing universal values like freedom and philanthropy after the April Revolution) and enhanced nationalism(after the Korea-Japan Ministerial Meeting). Even in this period, Korean government was still committed to spotlighting Gwan-sun Yu as heroic figure to make propaganda for Korean nationalism and government-led racialism under the influence of the Cold War. In particular, Director Gi-deok Kim's ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(1974), a film produced under the rule of Revitalizing Reforms (Yusin) system and Emergency Measures, forms an emblem of Gwan-sun Yu which projects Yusin ideology in a combination of nationalism and patriarchal authority. In this film, Gwan-sun Yu is presented as a role model that internalizes the rules of ‘the Hwarang School’ established to educate contemporary teenagers in the ideology of Yusin, rather than as a heroine who resisted national injustice.

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유관순은 1919년 3.1의 아이콘이자 식민지의 수난과 저항을 대표하는 여성 영웅이다. 민족의 희생과 저항의 상징인 유관순 표상은 해방 이후 민족주의 계열, 단독정부 수립파, 이화학원 동문들의 주도로 구성된 것이다. 유관순 기념사업회와 전기간행위원회를 배경으로 하는 1948년의 전영택의 전기, 이를 바탕으로 제작된 윤봉춘의 영화 「유관순」(1948)은 이후 한국 사회에서 전승되는 유관순 표상의 골격을 결정하고 대중화한 기원의 텍스트들이다. 전영택과 윤봉춘의 1948년 텍스트를 통해 기독교 미션 이화학당 출신 소녀의 희생은 민족주의적, 기독교적 순교로 의미화되었으며, 민족적 정통성의 도덕적 권위로 자리잡았다. 이러한 유관순의 정치적 상징성은 남한 단독정권 수립을 주도한 통치엘리트들이 남한 국가에 민족적 정수를 부여하고자 한 문화적 국가 기획에 부합하는 것이었다. 1959년 개봉된 윤봉춘의 두 번째 「유관순」 영화에서는 경주 등 38선 이남의 역사적 장소와 결부된 유관순 내러티브를 구성함으로써 ‘남한’ 민족을 균질화된 동일자로 구성하는 장소의 정치학이 작동하고 있다. 4ㆍ19 이후의 유관순 표상은 국가(정부)와 시민사회가 갈등하고 길항하는 양상을 보여주는 중요한 사례이다. 1966년 윤봉춘의 세 번째 「유관순」의 시나리오에는 4ㆍ19 이후 자유, 박애 등의 보편적 가치를 추구하는 시민적 자아상과 한일회담 이후 고양된 내셔널리즘의 열망이 결합된 유관순 표상이 제시되고 있다. 이 시기에도 국가(정부)는 여전히 유관순을 국가주의와 냉전 하의 관주도 민족주의를 선전하는 영웅상으로 제시하였다. 특히 유신헌법과 긴급조치 하에서 제작된 1974년 김기덕 감독 제작의 「유관순」에는 국가주의와 가부장의 권위가 결합된 유신 이데올로기가 투사된 유관순 표상이 구성되고 있다. 이 영화의 유관순은 불의에 저항한 영웅이라기 보다는 당대 청소년에게 유신 이념을 교육시키기 위해 설립했던 ‘화랑교육대’의 규율을 내면화한 역할 모델로 제시되고 있다.

Gwan-sun Yu was a woman titled Korean national hero as icon of the Samil Independence Movement(on Mar. 1, 1919) and as representative of sufferings and resistances in colonial era. Historically, the emblem of Gwan-sun Yu which symbolizes national sacrifice and resistance was formed primarily by Korean nationalist group, independent government faction and Ewha School alumni after the 1945 Liberation of Korea. A heroic life story on Gwan-sun Yu (authored by Yeong-taek Jeon, 1948; against a background of Gwan-sun Yu Memorial Foundation and Korea Bibliography Publishing Committee) and a film titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(directed by Bong-chun Yun, 1948) based on her life story become original texts for framework and popularization of Gwan-sun Yu's emblem that has been handed down to this generation of Korean society. In the Year 1948 texts of Jeon and Yun, the sacrifice of a bold Korean girl student from a mission school called Ewha School became construed in a sense of nationalist and Christian martyrdom, and took a position of ethical authority for national legitimacy. This way, her political symbolism complied with cultural state planning where ruling elites who dominated the establishment of independent regime for South Korea aimed to give Korean national essence to southern state. Yun's 2nd film release titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(released in 1959) formed a narrative on Gwan-sun Yu in association with historical memory on areas below the 38th Parallel(including Gyeongju). Here, a political mechanism of location works to identify ‘South Korean’ nation as homogeneous persons. Gwan-sun Yu's emblem after the April Revolution(Apr. 19, 1960) becomes a critical case that demonstrates conflicts and rivalry between state (government) and civil society. Yun's 3rd film release titled ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(1966) suggests an evolution of previous Gwan-sun Yu's emblem, which is a combination of civil self-images(pursuing universal values like freedom and philanthropy after the April Revolution) and enhanced nationalism(after the Korea-Japan Ministerial Meeting). Even in this period, Korean government was still committed to spotlighting Gwan-sun Yu as heroic figure to make propaganda for Korean nationalism and government-led racialism under the influence of the Cold War. In particular, Director Gi-deok Kim's ‘Gwan-sun Yu’(1974), a film produced under the rule of Revitalizing Reforms (Yusin) system and Emergency Measures, forms an emblem of Gwan-sun Yu which projects Yusin ideology in a combination of nationalism and patriarchal authority. In this film, Gwan-sun Yu is presented as a role model that internalizes the rules of ‘the Hwarang School’ established to educate contemporary teenagers in the ideology of Yusin, rather than as a heroine who resisted national injustice.

 
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