년 - 년
한국 대중음악산업의 과점화와 그 영향력에 대한 연구: 아이돌산업 내 과점 기업을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국문화산업학회 문화산업연구 Vol.18 No.2 2018.06 pp.48-61
...music industry, is affecting the cultural ecology. In recent years, success and failure in the idol industry are not due to the difference in the artist's skills or competitiveness, but to the size and status of the company and the resulting media exposure. This study focused on this phenomenon to confirm the oligopoly in the Korean idol industry through case analysis, and also confirmed whether this oligopoly structure actually affects the success or failure of products in the industry. According to the study, the domestic pop music industry is currently forming an oligopolistic model centered around the top nine companies, some of which are vertically owned by distribution networks, broadcasters and online platforms. It also confirmed that the size of the oligopoly and whether or not they are exposed to the media are having a greater impact on the performance of the idol rather than the ability of the idol themselves. This is important in that changes in the industrial structure in the Korean idol industry can affect the resources of cultural ecosystems such as diversity and innovation. However, since the actors in the market interact each other, the current oligopoly can not be guaranteed to bring about the unification of Korean pop music or conflicts among actors. Therefore, we recommend continuous research on the changing timing of the future, while paying attention to the entire Korean idol industry and pop music industry.
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본 연구는 한국 대중음악산업 내 아이돌산업을 중심으로 문화산업의 과점모델이 해당 문화 생태계에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 다각에서는 아이돌산업에서의 성공과 실패가 아티스트의 실력이나 생산물의 경쟁력이 아닌, 소속사의 시장 내 규모와 지위, 또한 그로 인한 미디어 노출의 차이에 기인하고 있는 것이 아닌지 우려의 목소리를 내고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상에 주목하여 한국 아이돌산업 내 과점화 현상을 사례분석을 통해 확인하고, 또한 이러한 과점구조가 실제로 산업 내 생산물들의 성패에 영향을 미치는지를 실증적 자료를 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 현재 국내 대중음악산업은 상위 9개 기업을 중심으로 하는 과점 모델을 형성하고 있으며 특히 이 중 일부 기업은 배급망과 방송사, 온라인 플랫폼 등을 소유함으로써 수직적 통합 구조를 구축해 나가고 있어, 한국 아이돌산업의 다이아몬드 내 주체들이 수평적 관계성을 갖기 어려운 구조가 되고 있다. 또한 실제 과점기업들의 기업 규모와 미디어에의 노출 여부가 아이돌 스스로가 보유하는 작사·작곡 능력과 같은 요인보다 아이돌의 성과에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 한국 아이돌산업 내 산업 구조의 변화가 음악의 다양성, 혁신과 같은 문화 생태계의 자원에 영향을 미칠 수 있음 의미한다는 점에서 중요하다. 그러나 시장 내 주체들은 서로 상호작용하며 행동하기 때문에 현재의 과점화가 곧 한국대중음악의 단일화 또는 산업 내 주체들 간의 위계관계로 인한 갈등을 가져올 것으로 단언할 수는 없다. 따라서 우리는 한국 아이돌산업 및 대중음악산업 전반을 주지하면서 향후의 시기적 변화에 대해서도 지속적 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.
The study aims to identify how the oligopoly model of the cultural industry, centered on the idol industry in the Korean pop music industry, is affecting the cultural ecology. In recent years, success and failure in the idol industry are not due to the difference in the artist's skills or competitiveness, but to the size and status of the company and the resulting media exposure. This study focused on this phenomenon to confirm the oligopoly in the Korean idol industry through case analysis, and also confirmed whether this oligopoly structure actually affects the success or failure of products in the industry. According to the study, the domestic pop music industry is currently forming an oligopolistic model centered around the top nine companies, some of which are vertically owned by distribution networks, broadcasters and online platforms. It also confirmed that the size of the oligopoly and whether or not they are exposed to the media are having a greater impact on the performance of the idol rather than the ability of the idol themselves. This is important in that changes in the industrial structure in the Korean idol industry can affect the resources of cultural ecosystems such as diversity and innovation. However, since the actors in the market interact each other, the current oligopoly can not be guaranteed to bring about the unification of Korean pop music or conflicts among actors. Therefore, we recommend continuous research on the changing timing of the future, while paying attention to the entire Korean idol industry and pop music industry.
[NRF 연계] 한국아프리카학회 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.50 No.1 2017.06 pp.115-138
...popular music among several areas of popular culture such as movies, dramas and novels. Cases such as the incorporation of popular music into communication capital, the organization of entertainment markets by idol pop and the mergers and acquisitions of new media markets all converge into the logic of monopoly. This phenomenon probably is not occurring only in Korea but also occurring in popular music of Ghana, especially in hiplife music recently prevalent among young people. Hiplife music, as deterritorialized music, is another area that Ghanaian young people have newly built drawing lines of flight. Firm beliefs of Ghanaian young people at the time when they drew lines of flight seem to lose their meanings because of the logic of capital, now, 20 years after that time. Hegemony working connected with capital has already made young people themselves get bored of hiplife music. This situation corresponds to the problems which Adorno and Horkheimer raised criticizing popular culture before, which is clouding the future of hiplife music. Therefore, this paper intends to connect the crisis of hiplife music, that is, the situation and problem of hiplife music with the culture industry presented by Adorno, and to review it. Then, this paper also intends to mention the future of hiplife music characterized by hybridity by reviewing what meaning hiplife music actually has for Ghanaian young people, whether they themselves have a sense of crisis and, if so, what they are doing to tackle it by using concept and theory of Deleuze.
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오늘날 활발하게 진행되고 있는 세계화는 정치, 경제적 문제가 복잡하게 얽힌 서구 강대국들의 제국주의의 연장선상일 뿐이며, 이는 문화적 측면에 있어서도 예외는 아니다. 이로 인해 문화 제국주의라는 용어가 등장하고, 전 세계의 문화가 획일화되고 있다는 우려와 비판의 목소리가 커지고 있다. 이에 더해 자본의 영향력은 문화로까지 확대되어 모든 문화적 가치들을 그것의 영향력 아래 두고 있다. 이러한 현상은 대중문화 그 중에서도 대중음악에서 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 가나의 대중음악인 힙라이프 음악은 미국의 힙합과 마찬가지로 가나 청년들의 사회에 대한 불만이 원동력이 되어 탄생하게 된 음악이다. 힙합에 가나의 전통음악인 하이라이프 음악이 혼성되어 창조된 이 가나 식 힙합 음악은 초기에는 청년들의 사회에 대한 불만, 사회의 여러 문제점들을 흥겨운 리듬에 담아내며 그들끼리 사회의 문제들을 공유하고 해결책을 모색하기 위해 시작되었다. 그러나 시간이 흐를수록 레이블들 및 뮤지션들이 상업화됨에 따라 그들의 노래는 사회비판적인 내용보다는 화려한 볼거리 등을 앞세우며 초심을 잃고 자본의 영향력 아래로 들어가는 듯 보인다. 본고에서는 힙합 음악과 가나 전통음악이 혼합되어 만들어진 힙라이프 음악을 세계화의 결과물 즉 문화제국주의의 결과물이 아닌, 글로컬라이제이션의 결과임을 들뢰즈의 이론과 개념을 통해 살펴본다.
This is the age of cultural capital. Culture converges into capital and the capital is expanded and reproduced by culture. A phenomenon commonly discovered in analyzing various areas of culture industry in terms of a topic of cultural capital is a monopolization of cultural capital. This fact can be easily discovered especially in popular music among several areas of popular culture such as movies, dramas and novels. Cases such as the incorporation of popular music into communication capital, the organization of entertainment markets by idol pop and the mergers and acquisitions of new media markets all converge into the logic of monopoly. This phenomenon probably is not occurring only in Korea but also occurring in popular music of Ghana, especially in hiplife music recently prevalent among young people. Hiplife music, as deterritorialized music, is another area that Ghanaian young people have newly built drawing lines of flight. Firm beliefs of Ghanaian young people at the time when they drew lines of flight seem to lose their meanings because of the logic of capital, now, 20 years after that time. Hegemony working connected with capital has already made young people themselves get bored of hiplife music. This situation corresponds to the problems which Adorno and Horkheimer raised criticizing popular culture before, which is clouding the future of hiplife music. Therefore, this paper intends to connect the crisis of hiplife music, that is, the situation and problem of hiplife music with the culture industry presented by Adorno, and to review it. Then, this paper also intends to mention the future of hiplife music characterized by hybridity by reviewing what meaning hiplife music actually has for Ghanaian young people, whether they themselves have a sense of crisis and, if so, what they are doing to tackle it by using concept and theory of Deleuze.
한・일 양국의 대중가요 비교고찰 –1945~1950년을 중심으로–
[NRF 연계] 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 일본연구 Vol.64 2015.06 pp.75-98
...popular music during its occupation, remained in the country. Many aspects of Japanese culture were rejected in Korea after the country’s liberation, which in turn lessened their direct cultural influence, causing a new direction in the world of Korean popular music. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Korean and Japanese popular music starting from Korea’s independence on August 15th, 1945 to the Korean War, comparing the lyrics as well as the three key elements of music, which include rhythm, tune and harmonics. This paper focuses on 54 songs that have been recorded and released in both Korea and Japan from 1945~1955. The political state between Korea and Japan at the time can be summarized with the key words, “independence” and “division” for Korea, and “defeat” and “reconstruction” for Japan. The popular music of the time in both countries were categorized based on topics of lyrics in order to study how they reflected the situations at the time. The styles of music in both countries during this period remained dominated by enka, teuroteu genre and gradually began incorporating Western musical styles. While this paper has compared the music in both countries spanning a brief period from the start of the Pacific War to 1950, it comes to the conclusion that Korean and Japanese music developed in different ways based on wars after the Korean War, democracy, economic development and other various periodical situations and happenings, and furthermore closely affected one another. As the development and change in both countries’ popular music after 1950 is also an interesting topic to cover, further studies will be made on this era in the future.
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1945년 8월 15일, 35년간의 일제강점기가 끝나고 대한민국은 해방을 맞이하였다. 하지만 35년간 받아온 일본문화의 영향은 여전히 남아 있었고, 대중가요계 역시 일제강점기 대중가요 양식의 기본체제를 그대로 유지하고 있었다. 하지만 해방이후 이전까지 유기적인 양국 창작자들의 활발한 교류는 단절되었다. 일본문화의 영향은 사회로부터 거부되어 일본문화의 직접적 영향은 줄어들었으며, 대중가요계 또한 새로운 변화를 모색하게 되었다. 이 논문은 1945년 8.15 광복 이후 6.25 전쟁 이전까지 한국과 일본의 대중가요를 대상으로 노랫말과 음악의 3요소인 리듬, 선율, 화성을 비교하여 양국 대중음악의 특징을 분석하고자 기술한 논문이다. 이 논문에서는 1945년~1950년에 한일 양국에서 음반화가 되어 발표된 54곡의 작품을 대상으로 하였다. 한일 양국의 정치 상황은 해방과 분단(한국), 패전과 재건(일본)이라는 키워드로 정리할 수 있는데, 양국 대중음악의 가사를 주제에 따라 분류해서, 노래의 가사가 시대상황에 어떻게 반영되어 있는지를 검토하였다. 이 시기의 양국의 음악 양식은 해방 전의 엔카와 트로트가 지배적인 음악 장르로 유지되었으며, 점진적으로 서양 음악 양식을 수용히게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 태평양 전쟁 직후부터 1950년까지 한정된 기간 동안 양국의 음악을 비교하였지만, 한국전 이후 전쟁과 민주주의 그리고 경제 성장이라는 시대적 상황에 따라 양국의 음악은 각기 다르게 발전하였고, 서로 영향을 주고받았을 것으로 생각된다. 1950년 이후 양국의 대중가요가 어떻게 전개되고 변화해 갔는지에 대해서 흥미 있는 과제라고 생각되는데, 차후의 연구과제로 하겠다.
On August 15th, 1945, Korea finally achieved independence from Japan after 35 years of occupation. However, the influence of Japanese culture over the past 35 years, including the style of Japanese popular music during its occupation, remained in the country. Many aspects of Japanese culture were rejected in Korea after the country’s liberation, which in turn lessened their direct cultural influence, causing a new direction in the world of Korean popular music. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Korean and Japanese popular music starting from Korea’s independence on August 15th, 1945 to the Korean War, comparing the lyrics as well as the three key elements of music, which include rhythm, tune and harmonics. This paper focuses on 54 songs that have been recorded and released in both Korea and Japan from 1945~1955. The political state between Korea and Japan at the time can be summarized with the key words, “independence” and “division” for Korea, and “defeat” and “reconstruction” for Japan. The popular music of the time in both countries were categorized based on topics of lyrics in order to study how they reflected the situations at the time. The styles of music in both countries during this period remained dominated by enka, teuroteu genre and gradually began incorporating Western musical styles. While this paper has compared the music in both countries spanning a brief period from the start of the Pacific War to 1950, it comes to the conclusion that Korean and Japanese music developed in different ways based on wars after the Korean War, democracy, economic development and other various periodical situations and happenings, and furthermore closely affected one another. As the development and change in both countries’ popular music after 1950 is also an interesting topic to cover, further studies will be made on this era in the future.
[NRF 연계] 한국소비자학회 소비자학연구 Vol.21 No.4 2010.12 pp.71-87
...popular music awards and build hypotheses that the composition of the jury is an important determinant of the effectiveness of awards. The hypotheses say that the image of awards will be greater when jury are composed of experts than the jury composed of general public, however, the attitude and purchase intension for winner songs will be higher when jury are composed of the public than the jury composed of expert. We design an experiment to test the hypotheses and 156 college students participated. The experimental result shows that the image of award is more positive when the award winner is selected by a jury composed of experts than when the awards winner is selected by a jury composed of end consumers. On the other hand, the attitude to winner song is more positive when the judges are general consumers than when judges are experts but the hypothesis about the purchase intension to winner song is not supported. This study has following contributions. First, it provides useful implications to award managers. The effect of awards is different depending on judges. It means that managers have to compose the right judges by the objective of awards. If an award seeks public confidence,the jury consisted of experts will be more effective, while judges composed of general consumers are more effective if the objective of awards is for attracting the interest of the public. Second, today the number of researches on cultural product is increasing, but many of them focus on visible phenomena, not causality, for instance why consumers in cultural industries behave differently. This study tries to provide theoretical explanation on the difference of experts and general public in cultural industries by sociological studies. Also, it has a theoretical contribution to advertising research. Many advertising studies premise the assumption that advertisement has effects on brand image and the brand image relates to purchase intention. However, our experimental result implies the other possibility: brand image is not positively correlated to the purchase intension in cultural industries. If it is, the advertising strategy of popular music or motion picture must be reconsidered. This study has a limitation: the finding cannot be generalized to the whole cultural product for it focuses on popular music awards. Consumers of popular music can be different from them of classical music or ballet: the latter is more likely to depend on experts’ opinion for quality judgement. It is expected that further studies will test the hypotheses of this study in other cultural industries and identify the difference.
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시상식은 모든 산업에서 보편적인 현상이 되었다. 시상식에서 성과를 거둔 상품은 소비자들에게 품질의 시그널이 되므로 중요한 마케팅 도구로 활용될 수 있다. 문화산업에서 시상식의 중요성은 더 크다. 이는 문화상품이 경험재라는 점과 소비자들의 품질 평가가 주관적이라는 점에 기인한다. 특히 전문가의 품질 평가는 일반인의 평가와 상이한 양상을 보이는데, 이는 전문가들이 성장배경이나 전문교육 등을 통해 다른 문화적 취향을 획득하게 되었기 때문으로 기존 문헌들은 설명하고 있다. 본 연구는 대중음악 시상식에 초점을 맞추고, 대중음악시상식의 판정단이 전문가인가 일반인인가에 따라 시상식의 이미지와 수상곡에 대한 태도 및 구매의향이 차이가 있는지 실험을 통해 알아보았다. 결과적으로 전문가 심사단으로 구성된 시상식이 일반인 심사단으로 구성된 시상식보다 시상식 이미지 면에서 더 높은 평가를 받았다. 그러나 수상곡에 대한 태도에 있어서는 일반인 심사단으로 구성된 시상식이 전문가 심사단으로 평가되는 시상식보다 더 높은 점수를 받았다. 위 연구결과는 시상식의 수상자 선정방식에 따라 시상식의 효과가 달라짐을 보여준다. 이는 시상식의 목표에 따라 수상방식이 달라져야 함을 의미하는데 즉, 대외적으로 공신력 있는 시상식 개최가 목표라면 전문가 심사단을 활용하는 것이 효과적이고 수상곡에 대한 소비자들의 관심을 끌어 매출 증가가 목표라면 일반인 심사단이 더 효과적일 것이다. 본 연구는 한류의 확산을 위해 문화 관련 시상식 기획에 관심이 높아지는 시점에 유용한 시사점을 제공한 의의가 있다
Awards are general phenomenon in most industries. Awards provide the winners with money and fame or other benefits. More important, it may support a signal of quality which can be used as a marketing tool. Awards have an important role especially in the cultural industries, because cultural products are experiential goods and the quality of cultural products is evaluated subjectively. Experts and end consumers in cultural industries are known to make different evaluations on quality of cultural products, for their backgrounds and educational levels. We focus on popular music awards and build hypotheses that the composition of the jury is an important determinant of the effectiveness of awards. The hypotheses say that the image of awards will be greater when jury are composed of experts than the jury composed of general public, however, the attitude and purchase intension for winner songs will be higher when jury are composed of the public than the jury composed of expert. We design an experiment to test the hypotheses and 156 college students participated. The experimental result shows that the image of award is more positive when the award winner is selected by a jury composed of experts than when the awards winner is selected by a jury composed of end consumers. On the other hand, the attitude to winner song is more positive when the judges are general consumers than when judges are experts but the hypothesis about the purchase intension to winner song is not supported. This study has following contributions. First, it provides useful implications to award managers. The effect of awards is different depending on judges. It means that managers have to compose the right judges by the objective of awards. If an award seeks public confidence,the jury consisted of experts will be more effective, while judges composed of general consumers are more effective if the objective of awards is for attracting the interest of the public. Second, today the number of researches on cultural product is increasing, but many of them focus on visible phenomena, not causality, for instance why consumers in cultural industries behave differently. This study tries to provide theoretical explanation on the difference of experts and general public in cultural industries by sociological studies. Also, it has a theoretical contribution to advertising research. Many advertising studies premise the assumption that advertisement has effects on brand image and the brand image relates to purchase intention. However, our experimental result implies the other possibility: brand image is not positively correlated to the purchase intension in cultural industries. If it is, the advertising strategy of popular music or motion picture must be reconsidered. This study has a limitation: the finding cannot be generalized to the whole cultural product for it focuses on popular music awards. Consumers of popular music can be different from them of classical music or ballet: the latter is more likely to depend on experts’ opinion for quality judgement. It is expected that further studies will test the hypotheses of this study in other cultural industries and identify the difference.
[NRF 연계] 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 민족문화논총 Vol.35 2007.06 pp.55-81
...popular music in terms of its production- and distribution-system and its ideological role in society. As a result, Minjung-Gayo has been excluded from the popular music history in Korea. It means that the popular music has been recognized as an apparatus of dominant conservative ideology. This article argues that we need a new concept of popular music, and Minjung-Gayo should be recognised as an part of it. In fact Minjung-Gayo has very same characteristics with popular music; It used same modern technology as other popular music, especially cassette tape technology, and it was sold as merchandise just like other popular music although it was sold through a network of social movement rather than commercial network. Minjung-Gayo was very profitable products because it required very low-budget and low-fidelity production system. Minjung-Gayo functioned as a way of expression in Korea by which young students and labours expressed their identity as if rock music did in the western world. So we need to throw away the existing conception of binary opposition of Minjung-Gayo vs. popular music, and also need to regard Minjung-Gayo as a part of popular music. And we should think over the progress of popular music not in the concept of Minjung-Gayo but in the context of popular music.
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Minjung-Gayo has been known as protest songs produced in Korea in the process of 1980’s democratization movement. It was regarded as opposition to main stream popular music in terms of its production- and distribution-system and its ideological role in society. As a result, Minjung-Gayo has been excluded from the popular music history in Korea. It means that the popular music has been recognized as an apparatus of dominant conservative ideology. This article argues that we need a new concept of popular music, and Minjung-Gayo should be recognised as an part of it. In fact Minjung-Gayo has very same characteristics with popular music; It used same modern technology as other popular music, especially cassette tape technology, and it was sold as merchandise just like other popular music although it was sold through a network of social movement rather than commercial network. Minjung-Gayo was very profitable products because it required very low-budget and low-fidelity production system. Minjung-Gayo functioned as a way of expression in Korea by which young students and labours expressed their identity as if rock music did in the western world. So we need to throw away the existing conception of binary opposition of Minjung-Gayo vs. popular music, and also need to regard Minjung-Gayo as a part of popular music. And we should think over the progress of popular music not in the concept of Minjung-Gayo but in the context of popular music.
한국 문화산업 발전을 위한 대중음악 연주자 권익 보호 제도 구축 방안 : 영국 Musician's Union 사례 분석을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국문화산업학회 문화산업연구 Vol.25 No.4 2025.12 pp.211-219
...Musicians’ Union의 제도적 구조와 운영 방식을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 영국은 고용권리법을 통해 전형적 고용관계 밖의 노동자에게도 법적 보호를 제공하고 있으며, 연주자 수당 가이드라인 제시, 계약 자문, 복지 서비스, 정부 및 방송사와의 단체 협약 등을 통해 음악인의 권익 보호와 함께 노동권을 제도적으로 보장하고 있었다. 반면 한국은 전형적 근로자 중심의 법체계로 인해 프리랜서 연주자들이 제도적 보호에서 배제되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석을 토대로, 한국형 뮤지션 유니온이 음악인과 민간 주체의 자발적 참여를 기반으로 설립·운영되어야 하며, 정부는 해당 조직이 안정적으로 기능할 수 있도록 법적·제도적 기반과 재정적 지원을 제공하는 조력자 역할을 수행해야 함을 제안한다. 또한 출연료 기준 마련, 보험·경력 지원, 법률 자문 등 실질적 서비스를 포함하는 운영 체계와 더불어 정부·민간·산업을 연결하는 플랫폼형 네트워크의 구심적 구조가 필요함을 강조하였다. 본 연구는 대중음악 연주자의 노동권 보호와 예술노동의 공공성 강화를 위한 정책적 제도화 논의를 위한 기초 자료로서 의의를 지닌다.
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본 연구는 한국 문화산업 내 대중음악 연주자들의 불안정한 노동환경과 제도적 보호 부재 문제를 조명하고, 이를 개선하기 위한 실질적 방안으로서 한국형 뮤지션 유니온의 필요성과 제도적 구축 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 현재 국내 음악산업 속에서 다수의 대중음악 연주자들이 프리랜서 형태로 활동하며, 불투명한 계약 관행과 낮은 보수, 복지 사각지대에 놓여 있는 실정이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 문헌 연구와 사례 분석을 중심으로 한국 대중음악 연주자의 노동 실태를 검토하고, 영국 Musicians’ Union의 제도적 구조와 운영 방식을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 영국은 고용권리법을 통해 전형적 고용관계 밖의 노동자에게도 법적 보호를 제공하고 있으며, 연주자 수당 가이드라인 제시, 계약 자문, 복지 서비스, 정부 및 방송사와의 단체 협약 등을 통해 음악인의 권익 보호와 함께 노동권을 제도적으로 보장하고 있었다. 반면 한국은 전형적 근로자 중심의 법체계로 인해 프리랜서 연주자들이 제도적 보호에서 배제되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석을 토대로, 한국형 뮤지션 유니온이 음악인과 민간 주체의 자발적 참여를 기반으로 설립·운영되어야 하며, 정부는 해당 조직이 안정적으로 기능할 수 있도록 법적·제도적 기반과 재정적 지원을 제공하는 조력자 역할을 수행해야 함을 제안한다. 또한 출연료 기준 마련, 보험·경력 지원, 법률 자문 등 실질적 서비스를 포함하는 운영 체계와 더불어 정부·민간·산업을 연결하는 플랫폼형 네트워크의 구심적 구조가 필요함을 강조하였다. 본 연구는 대중음악 연주자의 노동권 보호와 예술노동의 공공성 강화를 위한 정책적 제도화 논의를 위한 기초 자료로서 의의를 지닌다.
This study examines the precarious working conditions of freelance popular music performers in Korea and the lack of institutional protections within the cultural industries. Through literature review and case analysis, it compares the Korean context with the UK Musicians’ Union, which provides non-standard workers with support such as minimum fee guidelines, contract advice, welfare services, and collective agreements under the Employment Rights Act. In contrast, Korea’s employee-centered labor law framework leaves most freelance performers outside formal protection. Based on these findings, the study proposes establishing a Korean-style Musicians’ Union grounded in the voluntary participation of performers and private actors, with the government serving as a facilitator by offering legal and financial support. It further highlights the need for practical services including standardized fee systems, insurance and career support, and legal consultation and a platform-based network linking government, industry, and artists. This research offers foundational insights for strengthening performers’ labor rights and enhancing the public value of artistic labor.
[NRF 연계] 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.18 No.9 2024.12 pp.129-138
...popular music industry through the lens of applications of rapidly advancing generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology. By analyzing the characteristics of generative art, the study identifies that generative AI art is distinguished by its infinite expressive possibilities, diversity, scalability, ability to overcome physical limitations, reduction in time and cost, and capacity for personalization. In the field of popular music, generative AI is used to create music, serve as material for broadcast programs, and produce personalized content. Additionally, it is employed in the creation of virtual idols, integrating various outputs of generative AI, such as music, visuals, and conversations. The structural changes in the popular music industry brought about by generative AI are as follows; first, Anyone can easily create, own, and share music, images, and content. This has disrupted traditional modes of human-exclusive creativity. Second, Distribution can occur directly through various platforms, bypassing traditional labels and distributors. The seamless interconnection of digital content fosters the formation of new ecosystems within these platforms. Rapidly advancing technology is reshaping the methods of creation, distribution, and reception, which will ultimately transform the structure of the industry as a whole. Consequently, efforts must be made to establish robust systems of sharing and collaboration among creators, stakeholders, and the public to ensure a sustainable and cooperative ecosystem.
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본 연구는 빠른 속도로 발전하는 생성형 인공지능 기술이 대중음악 산업에 활용된 사례를 통해 변화하고 있는 대중음악 산업구조를 알아보았다. 먼저 생성형 예술의 특징을 통해 생성형 인공지능 예술은 표현의 무한성과 다양성, 확장성을 기반으로 하며 물리적 제약의 극복과 시간과 비용 절감, 개인화의 특성이 드러나는 것을 파악하였다. 대중음악 분야에서 생성형 인공지능은 음악을 창작하고, 음악을 매개로 방송 프로그램의 소재로 활용하거나 개인 콘텐츠를 제작하기도 한다. 또한 버추얼 아이돌을 생성하여 음악과 이미지, 대화 등 다양한 생성 인공지능의 결과물과 함께 활용한다. 생성형 인공지능을 통해 변화된 대중음악 산업구조는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 누구나 손쉽게 음악 및 이미지, 콘텐츠를 생성하여 소유하고 공유한다. 이는 인간 고유의 창작 영역 방식을 깨뜨렸다. 둘째, 레이블, 유통사를 통하지 않고 다양한 플랫폼을 통해 직접 유통하며, 디지털 콘텐츠 간의 연결이 자유로운 만큼 플랫폼을 통해 새로운 생태계를 형성하기도 한다. 빠르게 발전하는 기술은 창작과 유통, 수용방식의 변화를 가져오고 이는 산업구조 전체의 변화를 가져올 것이다. 이에 창작자와 관계자, 대중의 공유와 협력 체계가 단단하게 이뤄질 수 있도록 노력해야 한다.
This study examines the changing structure of the popular music industry through the lens of applications of rapidly advancing generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology. By analyzing the characteristics of generative art, the study identifies that generative AI art is distinguished by its infinite expressive possibilities, diversity, scalability, ability to overcome physical limitations, reduction in time and cost, and capacity for personalization. In the field of popular music, generative AI is used to create music, serve as material for broadcast programs, and produce personalized content. Additionally, it is employed in the creation of virtual idols, integrating various outputs of generative AI, such as music, visuals, and conversations. The structural changes in the popular music industry brought about by generative AI are as follows; first, Anyone can easily create, own, and share music, images, and content. This has disrupted traditional modes of human-exclusive creativity. Second, Distribution can occur directly through various platforms, bypassing traditional labels and distributors. The seamless interconnection of digital content fosters the formation of new ecosystems within these platforms. Rapidly advancing technology is reshaping the methods of creation, distribution, and reception, which will ultimately transform the structure of the industry as a whole. Consequently, efforts must be made to establish robust systems of sharing and collaboration among creators, stakeholders, and the public to ensure a sustainable and cooperative ecosystem.
가(歌)·요(謠)·곡(曲)의 해부학 1 — 근대 조선과 일본에서 대중음악의 용어들에 대한 고찰 —
[NRF 연계] 한림대학교 한림과학원 개념과 소통 Vol.33 2024.06 pp.195-238
...popular song (TaeJung kayo: 大衆歌謠)’ has become widely recognized, both in everyday language and in academic discourse. However, its usage was rare before 1945 and has significantly declined in recent times. Furthermore, this term has not been widely adopted beyond the Korean Peninsula, neither in Japan (including Okinawa), nor in China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong). This paper begins with an etymological exploration of the terms ‘song (歌),’ ‘ballad (謠),’ ‘tune (曲),’ and ‘ditty (唄),’ followed by an investigation into the various genre names applied to distinct song forms between the late 19th and the mid-20th centuries. Considerable attention is devoted to the evolution of terms such as kayo/kayō, kagok/kakyoku, yuhaengga/ ryukōka, kayogok/kayōkyoku, tracing their semantic formation until 1945. Also considered are various other related terms which arose, but then fell out of use. This study examines how rigid and complex hierarchies between song, ballad, tune, and ditty in the pre-modern age were transformed in complicated ways in the conditions of uneven modernities in Korea and Japan respectively. From these analyses, it is clear that recent studies on popular music from this period have often struggled with chaotic terminology. Researchers tend to conflate historically established terms with ones they coin themselves at the time of writing. The use of such arbitrary terminology is ahistorical, and often treats terms as if they were fixed entities. The critique presented in this paper is not meant to add to the problem with yet more layers of ‘correct’ terminology, but is instead intended to prompt a creative reconsideration, in hopes of dispelling the chaos.
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In South Korea, the term ‘popular song (TaeJung kayo: 大衆歌謠)’ has become widely recognized, both in everyday language and in academic discourse. However, its usage was rare before 1945 and has significantly declined in recent times. Furthermore, this term has not been widely adopted beyond the Korean Peninsula, neither in Japan (including Okinawa), nor in China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong). This paper begins with an etymological exploration of the terms ‘song (歌),’ ‘ballad (謠),’ ‘tune (曲),’ and ‘ditty (唄),’ followed by an investigation into the various genre names applied to distinct song forms between the late 19th and the mid-20th centuries. Considerable attention is devoted to the evolution of terms such as kayo/kayō, kagok/kakyoku, yuhaengga/ ryukōka, kayogok/kayōkyoku, tracing their semantic formation until 1945. Also considered are various other related terms which arose, but then fell out of use. This study examines how rigid and complex hierarchies between song, ballad, tune, and ditty in the pre-modern age were transformed in complicated ways in the conditions of uneven modernities in Korea and Japan respectively. From these analyses, it is clear that recent studies on popular music from this period have often struggled with chaotic terminology. Researchers tend to conflate historically established terms with ones they coin themselves at the time of writing. The use of such arbitrary terminology is ahistorical, and often treats terms as if they were fixed entities. The critique presented in this paper is not meant to add to the problem with yet more layers of ‘correct’ terminology, but is instead intended to prompt a creative reconsideration, in hopes of dispelling the chaos.
[NRF 연계] 인문사회21 인문사회21 Vol.14 No.2 2023.04 pp.2041-2050
...popular music and to contribute to the development of domestic popular music by confirming the current status, development history and status of popular music. The study used a literature review method. As for the contents of the study, a review of previous studies and characteristics of popular music flow and period, the current status of American popular music, and the development history and status of American popular music were presented. Research Results First, American popular music was able to develop into content with unique ethnicity, originality, and fusion thanks to the characteristics of the United States, where immigrants are predominant.Second, it was found that American popular music can maintain its position in the present world by constantly changing and creating through exchange and grafting. Third, it was found that the United States created a music-related museum to record and preserve everything, and protect the creator by protecting copyright and intellectual property rights. Through these research results, it is expected that an artistic environment will be created in which the rights of creators of popular music are protected so that Korean popular music can also have an impact on the next generation by recording and preserving popular music related matters.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
연구 목적: 본 연구는 미국 대중 음악사를 확인하고 대중음악의 현황과 발전사 및 위상을 확인하여 국내 대중음악의 발전에 기여하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 연구 방법: 연구는 문헌 고찰 방법을 사용했다. 연구 내용: 연구 내용으로는 선행연구 검토 및 대중음악의 흐름과 시기별 특징, 미국 대중음악의 현황, 미국 대중음악의 발전사와 위상에 대해 제시하였다. 결론 및 제언: 연구 결과 첫째, 미국 대중음악은 이민자들이 주를 이루는 미국의 특성 덕분에 독특한 민족성과 독창성 및 융합성을 가진 콘텐츠로 발전할 수 있었다. 둘째, 미국의 대중음악은 끊임없이 교류와 접목을 통해 변화하고 창조하여 현재 세계 속에서 그 위치를 지킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 미국은 음악과 관련하여 박물관을 만들어 모든 것을 기록하고 보존하며, 저작권 및 지식재산권을 보호하여 창작자를 보호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 한국의 대중음악 또한 대중음악과 관련한 것들을 기록하고 보존하여 다음 세대에 있어서도 영향력을 미칠 수 있도록 대중음악 창작자의 권리가 지켜지는 예술 환경이 조성되기를 기대한다.
The purpose of this study is to confirm the history of American popular music and to contribute to the development of domestic popular music by confirming the current status, development history and status of popular music. The study used a literature review method. As for the contents of the study, a review of previous studies and characteristics of popular music flow and period, the current status of American popular music, and the development history and status of American popular music were presented. Research Results First, American popular music was able to develop into content with unique ethnicity, originality, and fusion thanks to the characteristics of the United States, where immigrants are predominant.Second, it was found that American popular music can maintain its position in the present world by constantly changing and creating through exchange and grafting. Third, it was found that the United States created a music-related museum to record and preserve everything, and protect the creator by protecting copyright and intellectual property rights. Through these research results, it is expected that an artistic environment will be created in which the rights of creators of popular music are protected so that Korean popular music can also have an impact on the next generation by recording and preserving popular music related matters.
[NRF 연계] 한국태국학회 한국태국학회논총 Vol.29 No.2 2023.02 pp.143-176
...popular music genre in Thailand, which is also called Thai country music or Thai folk song. Luk thung mostly reflects the rural lifestyle or the lower class working in urban area. Narrators in lyrics represent their position according to the gender of the singer, but considering that the most of lyrics before the 2000s were male, it should be recognized that even a female song is not a story written from a female perspective. Economic problems are a major obstacle to the relationship between rural men and women. A poor man living in countryside could not propose to his beloved woman because he had no money to pay for ‘sinsod’. Rural men lament about their situation through many songs. In the late 1990s, men have begun their passive tone changed brighter. In case that the narrator is a woman, it is divided into two images. One is a woman who perseveres, endures, and loves only one man seemed to have become the mainstream of the lyrics of luk thung from the past to the present. The other one is a woman who appeals to sexual desire or sexy charm and has begun to take the initiative in relationships with her own mind. Above all, it is meaningful that female lyricists are expressing women’s voices.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
This study aims to explore characteristics of love attitude in luk thung. Luk thung is the most popular music genre in Thailand, which is also called Thai country music or Thai folk song. Luk thung mostly reflects the rural lifestyle or the lower class working in urban area. Narrators in lyrics represent their position according to the gender of the singer, but considering that the most of lyrics before the 2000s were male, it should be recognized that even a female song is not a story written from a female perspective. Economic problems are a major obstacle to the relationship between rural men and women. A poor man living in countryside could not propose to his beloved woman because he had no money to pay for ‘sinsod’. Rural men lament about their situation through many songs. In the late 1990s, men have begun their passive tone changed brighter. In case that the narrator is a woman, it is divided into two images. One is a woman who perseveres, endures, and loves only one man seemed to have become the mainstream of the lyrics of luk thung from the past to the present. The other one is a woman who appeals to sexual desire or sexy charm and has begun to take the initiative in relationships with her own mind. Above all, it is meaningful that female lyricists are expressing women’s voices.
중국에서의 초기 한국 대중음악 붐 현상 연구 - 민간 기획사의 공헌을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국중어중문학회 중어중문학 Vol.89 2022.09 pp.365-389
...popular music to China. In the 1990s, private agencies introduced Korean popular music through radio music broadcasts with the approval of the Chinese government. This process revealed the potential of Chinese youth as a target group and their musical preferences. Agencies released related albums to cater to their tastes, and the favorable response among Chinese fans initiated the boom of Korean popular music. A bold move by one private agency led to the success of an H.O.T. concert in the early 2000s. This allowed various agencies to participate in more influential radio shows and paved the way for concerts by Korean musicians. The sustained boom of Korean popular music in China can be attributed more to the efforts of Korean private agencies rather than the government. This can be better understood by examining cultural policies of the government at that time. The 1990s government, which emerged after the movement for democracy, adopted cultural policies that were different from that of the past military government. Specifically, there was less government intervention in music production. The government expanded support for private agencies following the success of the H.O.T. concert in the early 2000s, and exercised caution to ensure their autonomy. In this context, the Korean government played more of a supporting role in the boom of Korean popular music in China. The Chinese government utilized the boom of Korean popular music in the process of integrating into the world order since its economic reform, and this is believed to have prolonged the boom in China. The boom of Korean popular music led by private agencies was sustained with the support of Korean and Chinese governments, and it is more adequate to describe the spread of the Korean wave to China in earlier times as led by the private sector.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
한류가 광범위한 트랜스내셔널 현상으로서 나타나는 가운데 이에 대한 학술적인 접근도 활발해지고 있다. 한류가 정부 주도의 현상인지 아닌지에 대한 연구자들의 시각이 대립하고 있는 가운데, 이의 ‘진원지’인 중국에서의 대두 양상을 살펴본다는 것은 한류의 성질을 규정하는 데에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다. 1992년 한중수교를 바탕으로 한국의 유학생, 기업체 등의 중국 진출이 나타났고, 이의 과정에서 한국 대중음악을 중국에 소개하고자하는 민간 기획사도 대두하게 되었다. 1990년대의 민간 기획사들은 중국 정부의 인가를 바탕으로 한국 대중음악을 소개하는 라디오 음악 방송을 진행할 수 있었고, 이의 과정에서 청소년이라는 새로운 중국 대중을 포착하는 한편 이들의 취향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 기획사들은 관련 음반을 발매하였는데, 이에 중국 대중이 점차 호응하면서 중국 내 한국 대중음악 붐 현상이 나타나기 시작했다. 한 기획사의 과감한 기획을 바탕으로 2000년대 초, H.O.T.의 공연이 성황리에 마무리지어질 수 있었고, 이는 여러 기획사들이 보다 영향력 있는 라디오방송을 진행하고 한국 가수의 공연을 활발히 준비할 수 있는 배경이 되었다. 이처럼 중국 내 한국 대중음악 붐 현상이 나타나고 유지되는 과정에서 한국 민간 기획사의 공헌은 정부의 것보다 눈에 띄는 경향이 있었는데, 이를 이해하기 위해서는 당시 정부의 문화 정책 기조도 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 민주화운동을 바탕으로 등장했던 1990년대의 정부는 문화를 강하게 관리하고자 했던 과거 군사정부와는 다른 정책을 펴고자 하였으며, 이의 생산과정에 대한. 간섭을 줄이고자했다. 2000년대 초 H.O.T. 공연의 성공을 목도한 이후에는 민간 기획사들을 위한 지원 등을 확대하면서도 이의 자율성 보장을 위해 주의하는 모습도 보였는데, 이러한 맥락에서 한국 정부는 중국내 한국 대중음악 붐 현상을 주도가 아닌. 보조했다고 보는 것이 적절해 보인다. 올림픽 개최에 힘쓰는 등, 개혁개방 이후 세계적인 질서에 빠르게 편입하고자 했던 중국 정부는 이의 과정에서 한국 대중음악 붐 현상을 활용하는 모습도 보였고, 이는 중국 내 붐 현상의 지속에도 영향을 미쳤던 것으로 보인다. 이처럼 민간 기획사에 의해 발생될 수 있었던 한국 대중음악 붐 현상은 한/중 정부의 보조 아래 지속 및 유지된 측면이 있으며, 초기 중국내 한류의 성질은 민간주도의 것이라고 보는 것이 타당해 보인다.
With the Korean wave growing into a widespread transnational phenomenon, academic approaches have become active as well. Researchers have conflicting views on whether or not the Korean wave was led by the government, and this study asserts that examining the phenomenon in China, which can be seen as the “epicenter,” will be helpful in specifying the nature of the Korean wave. Since the 1992 establishment of Korea-China diplomatic relations, there has been active academic and business exchange between the two countries. In particular, private agencies began to introduce Korean popular music to China. In the 1990s, private agencies introduced Korean popular music through radio music broadcasts with the approval of the Chinese government. This process revealed the potential of Chinese youth as a target group and their musical preferences. Agencies released related albums to cater to their tastes, and the favorable response among Chinese fans initiated the boom of Korean popular music. A bold move by one private agency led to the success of an H.O.T. concert in the early 2000s. This allowed various agencies to participate in more influential radio shows and paved the way for concerts by Korean musicians. The sustained boom of Korean popular music in China can be attributed more to the efforts of Korean private agencies rather than the government. This can be better understood by examining cultural policies of the government at that time. The 1990s government, which emerged after the movement for democracy, adopted cultural policies that were different from that of the past military government. Specifically, there was less government intervention in music production. The government expanded support for private agencies following the success of the H.O.T. concert in the early 2000s, and exercised caution to ensure their autonomy. In this context, the Korean government played more of a supporting role in the boom of Korean popular music in China. The Chinese government utilized the boom of Korean popular music in the process of integrating into the world order since its economic reform, and this is believed to have prolonged the boom in China. The boom of Korean popular music led by private agencies was sustained with the support of Korean and Chinese governments, and it is more adequate to describe the spread of the Korean wave to China in earlier times as led by the private sector.
상하이 時代曲을 통해 본 중국 근대 유행음악의 혼종성 연구
[NRF 연계] 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 국제문화연구 Vol.14 No.2 2021.12 pp.47-72
...music for nearly a century. In this paper, through the Shanghai old songs, which appeared mainly in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1940s and gained great popularity in the public, also named Shanghai period songs, primarily discussed the hybridity and characteristics of them. Next is the examination of the genre of Chinese new music and the mixed pattern of singing methods born in the process of introducing Western music. The nationwide success of academic musicians through Japan, the expansion of jazz music, and patriotic songs created by left-wing musicians of "Academic group" developed through mutual intersection and mix between musical elements. It is a huge and complex task to reveal the full picture of the mixing of modern Chinese pop music and Shanghai period songs. This paper throufg the understanding China's complex and multi-layered historical events, social phenomena, and musical hybridity, can be meaningful in providing an important clue for a full-fledged comparative study of modern pop music between Korea and China.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
After the First Opium War (1840∼1842), the concession of Shanghai (tentatively 31199; within the boundary) freely transplanted Western cultures such as Britain, the United States, France and Japan, and began to flow into multinational mixed cultures. Like this, Shanghai pop songs made in 1920∼1940s have also influenced the narrative and reproduction of Chinese pop music for nearly a century. In this paper, through the Shanghai old songs, which appeared mainly in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1940s and gained great popularity in the public, also named Shanghai period songs, primarily discussed the hybridity and characteristics of them. Next is the examination of the genre of Chinese new music and the mixed pattern of singing methods born in the process of introducing Western music. The nationwide success of academic musicians through Japan, the expansion of jazz music, and patriotic songs created by left-wing musicians of "Academic group" developed through mutual intersection and mix between musical elements. It is a huge and complex task to reveal the full picture of the mixing of modern Chinese pop music and Shanghai period songs. This paper throufg the understanding China's complex and multi-layered historical events, social phenomena, and musical hybridity, can be meaningful in providing an important clue for a full-fledged comparative study of modern pop music between Korea and China.
[NRF 연계] 인문사회21 인문사회21 Vol.12 No.3 2021.06 pp.2077-2090
...popular music using new media. Through the literature research method, the current status of the Korean-Chinese music industry and the formation and status of new media were investigated, and the promotion strategies of Chinese popular music using new media were analyzed. As a result of the study, first, awareness of paid payments in the Korean-Chinese music industry is increasing, and audiences are found to want various online activities in addition to the existing music activities. In addition, China tried to enhance the creativity of the music industry by introducing diversified music IP and business models. Second, it was confirmed that there was an effective new media called YouTube in the development of the music industry and that new media had a positive influence on the development of the music industry and the improvement of the national brand. Third, it was found that the use of new media is to increase the viewing and use of new media, to expand digital streaming, and to spread the fandom culture. In summary, it was suggested that new media should be actively used to promote Chinese popular music that can increase creators' creative motivation and satisfy various audiences, and that government support and encouragement are necessary.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구의 목적은 뉴미디어를 활용하여 중국 대중음악의 확산 및 홍보방안을 제안하는데 있다. 연구방법은 한중 음악산업 현황 및 뉴미디어의 형성과 현황에 대해 조사하고, 뉴미디어를 활용한 중국 대중음악의 홍보방안에 대해 분석하는 문헌조사 연구이다. 연구결과 첫째, 한중 음악산업 현황은 유료결제에 관한 인식이 늘고 있으며, 수용자들은 기존의 음악 활동 외에도 다양한 온라인 활동을 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중국에서는 다원화된 음악 IP, 비즈니스 모델이 소개되며 음악 산업 창작력을 높이고자 하였다. 둘째, 뉴미디어에 의한 음악 산업의 발전에는 유튜브라는 효과적인 뉴미디어가 있으며, 이를 통해 음악산업 발전과 국가브랜드 향상에 뉴미디어가 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 셋째, 뉴미디어의 활용방안 제안으로는 뉴미디어의 시청 및 활용을 증가하고, 디지털 스트리밍의 확대 및 팬덤 문화의 확산이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 종합하면 창작자의 창작 의욕을 높이고 다양한 수용자를 만족시킬 수 있는 중국 대중음악의 홍보를 위해서는 뉴미디어를 적극적으로 활용하며, 이를 위한 정부 차원의 지원 및 장려가 필요함을 시사하였다.
This study intends to propose ways to spread and promote Chinese popular music using new media. Through the literature research method, the current status of the Korean-Chinese music industry and the formation and status of new media were investigated, and the promotion strategies of Chinese popular music using new media were analyzed. As a result of the study, first, awareness of paid payments in the Korean-Chinese music industry is increasing, and audiences are found to want various online activities in addition to the existing music activities. In addition, China tried to enhance the creativity of the music industry by introducing diversified music IP and business models. Second, it was confirmed that there was an effective new media called YouTube in the development of the music industry and that new media had a positive influence on the development of the music industry and the improvement of the national brand. Third, it was found that the use of new media is to increase the viewing and use of new media, to expand digital streaming, and to spread the fandom culture. In summary, it was suggested that new media should be actively used to promote Chinese popular music that can increase creators' creative motivation and satisfy various audiences, and that government support and encouragement are necessary.
대중음악을 통해 조명하는 방글라데시의 문화 혼종성과 정체성: 퓨전 밴드 방글라(Bangla)를 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 남아시아연구 Vol.25 No.2 2019.08 pp.59-116
...popular music. In this paper, the cultural hybridity is revealed by looking into historical circumstances and trends of popular music in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to illuminate progressive meanings of the music throughout examining properties and characteristics of the word called ‘fusion’ appears in popular music scene of Bangladesh. Popular music in Bangladesh has been changed and evolved into various genres and cultural contents throughout the history of Bengal. Rock music has settled as a main popular musical genre of Bangladesh since early ‘70s. Their independent popular culture has been formed with the fusion of local Folk and global Rock music while those contents of Indian musical tradition and Bengali sensibility of Ballad has gained steady popularity in the music industry of Bangladesh. BANGLA(1999∼) is a representative fusion band recreated the music of cultural icon of Bagladeshi folklore, Fakir Lalon Shah(1774∼1890). The philosophy of Baul music which Bauls sing for ‘cult of human body’ with their simple way of living and unselfishness is a core element of Lalon songs. Rabindranath Tagore(1861∼1941) whose musical idiom has greatly influenced by Lalon Bangladeshi Baul composed influential songs for Bengali sentiment and those songs got great popularity from Bangladeshi people. In modern Bangladesh, it is more important how the music naturally represents meanings and the true storytelling of human beings than the musical sound itself. BANGLA led the tradition of Bangladeshi folklore into modern popular culture with their poetic music related to national identity. The music of BANGLA band expresses typical Bangladeshi folk tunes as well as rhythms well combined with western musical elements. Members of band BANGLA have been trying to communicate with global culture since late 2000’s. Their lifestyles cherish the tradition of culture and music influence young generations in Bangladesh, West Bengal as well as diaspora people of Bengal. BANGLA band’s music which cherishes the pure identity of Bangladeshi culture is valuable to grow into glocal cultural contents beyond a genre of popular musics of the non-western world.
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이 글은 남아시아 방글라데시 대중음악의 문화적 특징과 양상에 관한 논문이다. 연구를 통해 방글라데시 대중음악의 역사적 배경과 흐름을 살펴보고 장르별로 분석하여 문화 혼종성을 파악한다. 연구의 목적은 방글라데시 대중음악에 나타나는 퓨전의 속성과 특징을 조명하고 이를 통해 발견하게 되는 그 음악의 정체성으로 미래사회적 의미를 밝히는 것이다. 방글라데시 대중음악은 인도와 함께 이어져 온 벵골의 역사 속에서 다양한 장르와 문화 형태로 변화하고 발전해왔다. 1970년대 초부터 방글라데시에서 록음악은 주류 대중음악 장르로 자리 잡았다. 인도음악 요소와 벵골어 특유의 발라드 감성이 묻어나는 콘텐츠들이 상업음악 시장에서 꾸준히 인기를 얻고 있는 동시에 방글라데시는 민속음악과 록음악 양식을 융합한 독자적인 인디 문화를 형성해왔다. 90년대 말에 결성된 ‘방글라’는 방글라데시 고유의 민속 전통을 상징하는 랄론(Lalon) 음악을 대중음악 콘텐츠로 재탄생시킨 대표 퓨전 밴드다. 단순한 무욕의 삶으로 육체에 깃든 정신을 노래하는 바울(Baul) 철학은 랄론 음악의 핵심이다. 랄론의 영향을 받은 타고르(R. Tagore)는 인도음악 이론을 바탕으로 벵골의 민속 정서를 노래해 방글라데시 사람들에게 친숙하게 다가갔다. 이후 방글라데시 대중음악은 보편적인 삶의 의미와 공동체적 공명(共鳴)을 더욱 중요시하였다. 밴드 방글라는 방글라데시 민족의 서정성과 정체성을 부각시키면서 서구음악 요소를 조화롭게 결합한 음악으로 시대를 이어 방글라데시 민속 전통을 대중문화로 이끌었다. 방글라의 음악적 특징은 방글라데시 국민 감성을 대변하는 민속 선율과 리듬, 전통 창법이라고 할 수 있다. 2000년대 말부터 밴드 멤버들은 전통을 이어가며 글로벌 문화와 조화되기를 노력해왔다. 그들의 음악적 삶과 영향력은 방글라데시와 서벵골을 넘어 디아스포라 문화권에서도 나타나고 있다. 그리고 그 음악이 문화 정체성을 새롭게 정립하여 비서구세계 대중음악을 넘어 글로컬 문화콘텐츠로써 창의적으로 발돋움할 가치를 말해준다.
This article is about cultural characteristics and aspects of Bangladeshi popular music. In this paper, the cultural hybridity is revealed by looking into historical circumstances and trends of popular music in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to illuminate progressive meanings of the music throughout examining properties and characteristics of the word called ‘fusion’ appears in popular music scene of Bangladesh. Popular music in Bangladesh has been changed and evolved into various genres and cultural contents throughout the history of Bengal. Rock music has settled as a main popular musical genre of Bangladesh since early ‘70s. Their independent popular culture has been formed with the fusion of local Folk and global Rock music while those contents of Indian musical tradition and Bengali sensibility of Ballad has gained steady popularity in the music industry of Bangladesh. BANGLA(1999∼) is a representative fusion band recreated the music of cultural icon of Bagladeshi folklore, Fakir Lalon Shah(1774∼1890). The philosophy of Baul music which Bauls sing for ‘cult of human body’ with their simple way of living and unselfishness is a core element of Lalon songs. Rabindranath Tagore(1861∼1941) whose musical idiom has greatly influenced by Lalon Bangladeshi Baul composed influential songs for Bengali sentiment and those songs got great popularity from Bangladeshi people. In modern Bangladesh, it is more important how the music naturally represents meanings and the true storytelling of human beings than the musical sound itself. BANGLA led the tradition of Bangladeshi folklore into modern popular culture with their poetic music related to national identity. The music of BANGLA band expresses typical Bangladeshi folk tunes as well as rhythms well combined with western musical elements. Members of band BANGLA have been trying to communicate with global culture since late 2000’s. Their lifestyles cherish the tradition of culture and music influence young generations in Bangladesh, West Bengal as well as diaspora people of Bengal. BANGLA band’s music which cherishes the pure identity of Bangladeshi culture is valuable to grow into glocal cultural contents beyond a genre of popular musics of the non-western world.
[NRF 연계] 한국중국현대문학학회 중국현대문학 Vol.86 2018.07 pp.295-317
...popular song writer of the time. This article can be viewed in a broader perspective of history rather than being recognized as a clash between Nie Er and Li Jinhui. In this study, I argue this case mainly is a process of differentiation of existing popular music initiated by the Left Wing art which was newly formed and actively expanded. The Chinese pop music, which was initially led by Li Jinhui’s so called ‘Shidaiqu’, the popular music, was divided by the acceptance of leftist literary influence on ideology, material and form. This ultimately brings competition within the pop music market, boosting the development of Chinese pop music in the future. Through this process, various elements of Chinese pop music coexist. It reflected the tendency of the city's petit bourgeoisie and also equipped with a revolutionary music that can represent the difficulties and anger felt by people under Japanese aggression and social issues facing China. The style of jazz was also accepted through a contemporary song, and the style of new Soviet music was adapted to China through revolutionary songs.
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In 1932, Nie Er published the article called “A Short Opinion on the Chinese Song and Dance” and publicly criticized Li Jinhui, the best selling popular song writer of the time. This article can be viewed in a broader perspective of history rather than being recognized as a clash between Nie Er and Li Jinhui. In this study, I argue this case mainly is a process of differentiation of existing popular music initiated by the Left Wing art which was newly formed and actively expanded. The Chinese pop music, which was initially led by Li Jinhui’s so called ‘Shidaiqu’, the popular music, was divided by the acceptance of leftist literary influence on ideology, material and form. This ultimately brings competition within the pop music market, boosting the development of Chinese pop music in the future. Through this process, various elements of Chinese pop music coexist. It reflected the tendency of the city's petit bourgeoisie and also equipped with a revolutionary music that can represent the difficulties and anger felt by people under Japanese aggression and social issues facing China. The style of jazz was also accepted through a contemporary song, and the style of new Soviet music was adapted to China through revolutionary songs.
도시, 유성기, 댄스홀 ― 1920~30년대 상하이 대중음악의 탄생과 그 물질적 조건
[NRF 연계] 한국중국현대문학학회 중국현대문학 Vol.80 2017.01 pp.277-302
...popular music from the perspective of urban cultural environment in the early 20’s Shanghai. To make this point clear, I chose gramophone industry and dance hall as the key elements new urban musical environment. A phonograph and dance halls are both introduced from the west, and lead an unprecedented modern pop culture industry in Shanghai. Shanghai dance hall and music industry, the results of these factors, played a big role to changing musical tastes of Chinese people, including the citizens of Shanghai. The initial form of Chinese pop music is a new urban cultural content that reflects the trend of the time and industry in the early 20th century. So formal features of Chinese initial pop music meet the features and demands of pop culture industry that formed through these media. It is helpful in explaining how the Chinese pop music ― first appeared in the late 20's ― quickly accepted by the public and developed, and continued to sustain its vitality.
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This article aim to study the birth of Chinese popular music from the perspective of urban cultural environment in the early 20’s Shanghai. To make this point clear, I chose gramophone industry and dance hall as the key elements new urban musical environment. A phonograph and dance halls are both introduced from the west, and lead an unprecedented modern pop culture industry in Shanghai. Shanghai dance hall and music industry, the results of these factors, played a big role to changing musical tastes of Chinese people, including the citizens of Shanghai. The initial form of Chinese pop music is a new urban cultural content that reflects the trend of the time and industry in the early 20th century. So formal features of Chinese initial pop music meet the features and demands of pop culture industry that formed through these media. It is helpful in explaining how the Chinese pop music ― first appeared in the late 20's ― quickly accepted by the public and developed, and continued to sustain its vitality.
[NRF 연계] 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.10 No.6 2016.12 pp.1-9
...Popular Music subjected Dokdo according to Genre. The purpose of this study emerged that the Dokdo to Korea national territory. Research ranges were classified as full registration Songs, age characteristics of the specific Dokdo songs, the islands song title character, language Dokdo Song situation and participant type and Dokdo Song participants by type of Dokdo song in methodology for the song associated with domestic Dokdo, the lack of a unified data center have been studied by the source (s) in the recording industry Association of Korea (South Korea before sound producer associations) [4] and domestic No. 1 music site Melon[5]. A heart around the national unity of our island shooter commitment with the culture of singing non-violent, Dokdo love and attention of the Korean, and burned the shooter will, on the other hand is an international ambassador both Korean Dokdo world the islands to produce a song in the language of the country will be able to continue to transform culture into more valuable than the violence continues out to promote Dokdo promotion exercise in nations around the world that Korea's artistic territory.
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본 연구자는 독도를 주제로 한 한국대중음악의장르별 특성과 유형에 관한 연구를 하여 국민들에게 독도가 한국 영토임을 부각시키는데 목적이 있다. 연구 범위는 독도노래의 전체등록 곡 수, 시대별 독도노래의 특성, 독도노래 제목의 특성, 외국어독도노래 실태 및 참여자 유형 및 독도노래 참여자유형별로 분류하였고 방법론으로는 국내의 독도와관련된 노래에 대한 통일된 자료가 부족하여 한국음반산업협회(전 한국음원제작자협회)[4]와 국내음악감상 사이트1위인 멜론[5]에 등록되어있는 음원을중심으로 연구하였다. 우리의 독도사수 의지를 폭력적이 아닌 노래라는문화를 통해 전 국민이 단합된 마음으로, 안으로는국민들의 독도사랑과 관심, 그리고 사수 의지를 불태우고, 또 한편으로는 한국인 모두가 독도 국제 홍보대사가 되어 세계 각국의 언어로 노래를 제작해독도가 한국의 영토임을 전 세계 만방에 지속적으로 홍보해 나가고 독도홍보운동을 폭력적이 아닌보다 가치 있는 문화 예술적으로 승화시켜 나갈 수있어야 할 것이다.
The researchers studied Characteristics and Types in Korean Popular Music subjected Dokdo according to Genre. The purpose of this study emerged that the Dokdo to Korea national territory. Research ranges were classified as full registration Songs, age characteristics of the specific Dokdo songs, the islands song title character, language Dokdo Song situation and participant type and Dokdo Song participants by type of Dokdo song in methodology for the song associated with domestic Dokdo, the lack of a unified data center have been studied by the source (s) in the recording industry Association of Korea (South Korea before sound producer associations) [4] and domestic No. 1 music site Melon[5]. A heart around the national unity of our island shooter commitment with the culture of singing non-violent, Dokdo love and attention of the Korean, and burned the shooter will, on the other hand is an international ambassador both Korean Dokdo world the islands to produce a song in the language of the country will be able to continue to transform culture into more valuable than the violence continues out to promote Dokdo promotion exercise in nations around the world that Korea's artistic territory.
한국 팝의 ‘건축학’을 위하여 -이동하는 서울의 음악적 장소들 1976~1992-
[NRF 연계] 국제한국문학문화학회 사이間SAI Vol.14 2013.05 pp.599-631
...popular music in Korea needs to be re-examined from the angle of urban geography, with the focus on Seoul in particular. In the 1980s, roughly from 1976 to 1992, the production and mediation of popular music in Korea was geographically mobile in the literal sense. As the old downtown area (Myeongdong, Jongno and Gwanghwamun) began to decline due to the development policy of national and local governments, different places emerged as the sites for sonic multiplicities. In this paper, several places in the 1980s Seoul are divided into four different nexuses. The first is Han Rive nexus which links Yeouido, Ichon and Yeongdong, which functioned as the center of the production and mediation of mainstream pop music. The other three nexuses provide alternatives to the mainstream pop:Sinchon-Daehakro nexus, which lies between two university towns, provided the network of ‘underground’ music through the reinvention of 1960-1970s local rock, folk, blues and jazz; Guro-Cheonggye-Seongsu nexus, which links industrial towns at the fringes of the metropolis, became the pillars for the practices of Minjunggayo (people‘s songs); Itaewon-Gangnam nexus, which links the north of Han River and its south via a bridge was the hotbeds for the emerging genres like ballad and dance music. The investigation surrounding these nexuses have implications, showing why the music scene in Korea these days is divided into mainstream music based in the Gangnam area and independent music based around the Hongik University area (next to Shinchon). It may also explain why other parts of Seoul, let alone the non-Seoul area, have been marginal as musical places. More in general, it can provide a theoretical foundation that a new kind of cultural history of modern Korea can be constructed in connection with the specific pattern of city planning that started in the 1970s and continues to this day.
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이 글은 한국 대중음악의 연구와 담론을 도시지리학의 각도에서 재검토하고 재구축한다. 대략 1976년부터 1992년 사이, 상징적으로 ‘1980년대’라고 부를 수 있는 시기 동안 한국, 특히 서울에서 대중음악의 생산과 매개의 장소는 문자 그대로 ‘모바일’했다. 정부의 도시개발 정책에 따라 구도심의 다운타운(명동, 종로, 광화문)이 쇠퇴하면서, 상이한 장소들이 음향적 복수성의 새로운 부지(site)로 출연했다. 이 논문에서는 1980년대 서울의 상이한 장소들을 네 개의 넥서스로 구분하여 설명한다. 첫 번째인 한강변 넥서스는 여의도, 이촌동, 영동을 연계하면서 방송-음반-공연 등 대중음악의 생산과 매개의 중심으로 기능했고, 나머지 세 개의 넥서스는 각각 상이한 방식으로 주류 가요에 대한 대안을 제공했다. 구도심을 사이에 두고 두 대표적 대학촌을 연결하는 신촌-대학로 넥서스는 1960~1970년대의 록, 포크, 블루스/재즈를 기반으로 ‘언더그라운드’ 음악이 창조되는 축이 되엇고, 도심 외곽의 공업지대를 잇는 구로-청계-성수 넥서스는 민중가요의 실천의 현장이 되었고, 한강 이남과 이북을 잇는 이태원-강남 넥서스는 1980년대 말 주류로 등극하는 발라드와 댄스 등의 새로운 장르의 온상이 되었다. 이상의 넥서스들에 관한 고찰을 통해 현재 한국에서 주류 아이돌 음악은 강남 지역에, 인디 음악은 홍대 지역에 기반하고 있는지, 또한 서울의 다른 지역 및 서울 외부의 지역은 음악적 장소로 주변적인지 등의 지리적 구조화에 대한 역사적 기원을 추적할 수 있다. 더 일반적으로 1970년대 중반 이후 한국의 문화사를 도시개발계획과 접속하여 ‘건축’하는 연구를 위한 작업가설을 정초할 수 있다.
The studies or discourses on popular music in Korea needs to be re-examined from the angle of urban geography, with the focus on Seoul in particular. In the 1980s, roughly from 1976 to 1992, the production and mediation of popular music in Korea was geographically mobile in the literal sense. As the old downtown area (Myeongdong, Jongno and Gwanghwamun) began to decline due to the development policy of national and local governments, different places emerged as the sites for sonic multiplicities. In this paper, several places in the 1980s Seoul are divided into four different nexuses. The first is Han Rive nexus which links Yeouido, Ichon and Yeongdong, which functioned as the center of the production and mediation of mainstream pop music. The other three nexuses provide alternatives to the mainstream pop:Sinchon-Daehakro nexus, which lies between two university towns, provided the network of ‘underground’ music through the reinvention of 1960-1970s local rock, folk, blues and jazz; Guro-Cheonggye-Seongsu nexus, which links industrial towns at the fringes of the metropolis, became the pillars for the practices of Minjunggayo (people‘s songs); Itaewon-Gangnam nexus, which links the north of Han River and its south via a bridge was the hotbeds for the emerging genres like ballad and dance music. The investigation surrounding these nexuses have implications, showing why the music scene in Korea these days is divided into mainstream music based in the Gangnam area and independent music based around the Hongik University area (next to Shinchon). It may also explain why other parts of Seoul, let alone the non-Seoul area, have been marginal as musical places. More in general, it can provide a theoretical foundation that a new kind of cultural history of modern Korea can be constructed in connection with the specific pattern of city planning that started in the 1970s and continues to this day.
텍스타일 프린트 디자인 발상을 위한 대중음악 장르별 감성 언어이미지 연구 I
[Kisti 연계] 한국의류산업학회 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.16 No.3 2014 pp.354-365
...popular music genres for developing textile print design ideas. Auditory and synaesthetic imagery were employed to deduct emotional language imageries from popular music genres and analyze differences in emotional language imageries according to popular music genres. Six genres of popular music were selected as stimulus and a survey was conducted to analyze emotional language imagery differences and similarities depending on popular music genres. The results of this study were: The results of the factor analysis and the reliability test on emotional language imagery showed factorial structures that include Lyrical-Feminine, Intense-Masculine, Euphoric-Active, Gloomy-Melancholy, Abstruse-Sophisticated, and Addictive-Continuous. The results of the mean scores of emotional language imagery of each popular music genre showed that respondents tended to perceive that ballad and new age music are similar and hip-hop & rap, dance, and metal-rock are similar. Based on the multidimensional scaling analysis, new age positioned Lyrical-Feminine, metal-rock positioned Intense-Masculine, dance music positioned Euphoric-Active, and ballad positioned Gloomy-Melancholy. This study provides elementary resources to inspire innovative textile prints designed through different characteristics of emotional language imagery according to each popular music genre.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
This study investigates the positioning of emotional language imagesin popular music genres for developing textile print design ideas. Auditory and synaesthetic imagery were employed to deduct emotional language imageries from popular music genres and analyze differences in emotional language imageries according to popular music genres. Six genres of popular music were selected as stimulus and a survey was conducted to analyze emotional language imagery differences and similarities depending on popular music genres. The results of this study were: The results of the factor analysis and the reliability test on emotional language imagery showed factorial structures that include Lyrical-Feminine, Intense-Masculine, Euphoric-Active, Gloomy-Melancholy, Abstruse-Sophisticated, and Addictive-Continuous. The results of the mean scores of emotional language imagery of each popular music genre showed that respondents tended to perceive that ballad and new age music are similar and hip-hop & rap, dance, and metal-rock are similar. Based on the multidimensional scaling analysis, new age positioned Lyrical-Feminine, metal-rock positioned Intense-Masculine, dance music positioned Euphoric-Active, and ballad positioned Gloomy-Melancholy. This study provides elementary resources to inspire innovative textile prints designed through different characteristics of emotional language imagery according to each popular music genre.
AI 기반 대중음악 문화공연 혁신 모델이 관객몰입에 미치는 영향 연구: 지각된 신체표현능력 및 연기몰입의 매개효과
[NRF 연계] 한국문화산업학회 문화산업연구 Vol.25 No.3 2025.09 pp.287-298
...popular music performances and analyzed the mediating roles of perceived bodily expressiveness and perceived acting immersion in this process. The results showed that key innovation factors in AI-based performances, such as innovativeness, reliability, and UI convenience, generally had significant positive effects on audience immersion, suggesting that technological innovation can deepen the audience’s immersive experience beyond mere observation. Notably, these innovation factors also significantly influenced the levels of perceived bodily expressiveness and acting immersion, indicating that AI-based performances can extend beyond passive viewing to foster active, sensory, and participatory experiences. Sub-factors of perceived bodily expressiveness?expressivity, meaningfulness, and individuality?demonstrated significant partial mediating effects on audience immersion, implying that technological elements can guide audiences’ perception of performers’ bodily responses and expressions, thereby enhancing immersion. In contrast, diversity did not show a mediating effect, suggesting that the emotional significance of expressions may be more critical than mere variety. Regarding perceived acting immersion, sub-factors such as alignment of thought and action, degree of mental engagement, and loss of time perception showed significant mediating effects in some pathways, confirming that technological innovation can elicit audiences’ perception of performers’ internal immersion, thereby deepening the overall immersive state. However, UI convenience did not exhibit significant mediating effects in most pathways, indicating that improving operability alone may be insufficient to induce deep immersion. Overall, this study contributes both academically and practically by clarifying the perceived mediating roles of psychological and bodily factors in audience immersion within AI-based performance environments, thereby extending technology-centered performance research to a more audience-centered, participation- and immersion-focused perspective.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구는 AI 기반 대중음악 공연에서 기술적 혁신 요인이 관객몰입에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 규명하고, 이 과정에서 지각된 신체표현능력과 지각된 연기몰입이 매개 역할을 수행하는지를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 혁신성, 신뢰성, UI 편의성 등 AI 기반 공연의 주요 혁신 요인은 전반적으로 관객몰입에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 이는 기술적 혁신이 단순한 감상을 넘어 관객의 몰입 경험을 심화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 특히, 이러한 혁신 요인들이 관객이 지각하는 신체표현능력과 연기몰입 수준에도 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 점은, AI 기반 공연이 수동적 감상에서 벗어나 능동적 참여를 유도하는 감각적·행위적 경험으로 확장될 수 있음을 보여준다. 지각된 신체표현능력의 하위 요인인 표현성, 의미성, 개성은 관객몰입에 대해 유의한 부분 매개효과를 나타내어, 기술적 요소가 관객이 인식하는 공연자의 신체 반응과 표현을 유도하고 이를 통해 몰입을 증진시킬 수 있음을 시사하였다. 반면, 다양성은 매개효과를 나타내지 않아 단순한 표현의 다양성보다는 정서적 의미 부여가 더중요한 요인임을 보여주었다. 또한, 지각된 연기몰입의 하위 요인 중 사고와 행동의 일치성, 정신적 몰두 정도, 시간 개념의 상실은 일부 경로에서 유의미한 매개효과를나타내, 기술적 혁신이 관객이 인식하는 공연자의 내적 몰입을 유도하고 이를 통해 몰입 상태를 심화시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 UI 편의성은 대부분의 경로에서 유의미한 매개효과를 보이지 않아, 단순한 조작성 향상만으로는 심층적 몰입을 유도하는 데 한계가 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 AI 기반 공연 환경에서 관객몰입을구성하는 심리적·신체적 요인의 지각된 매개 역할을 규명함으로써, 기술 중심의 공연 연구를 관객 중심의 참여와 몰입 중심 연구로 확장하였다는 점에서 학문적·실무적 의의를 가진다.
This study empirically examined the effects of technological innovation factors on audience immersion in AI-based popular music performances and analyzed the mediating roles of perceived bodily expressiveness and perceived acting immersion in this process. The results showed that key innovation factors in AI-based performances, such as innovativeness, reliability, and UI convenience, generally had significant positive effects on audience immersion, suggesting that technological innovation can deepen the audience’s immersive experience beyond mere observation. Notably, these innovation factors also significantly influenced the levels of perceived bodily expressiveness and acting immersion, indicating that AI-based performances can extend beyond passive viewing to foster active, sensory, and participatory experiences. Sub-factors of perceived bodily expressiveness?expressivity, meaningfulness, and individuality?demonstrated significant partial mediating effects on audience immersion, implying that technological elements can guide audiences’ perception of performers’ bodily responses and expressions, thereby enhancing immersion. In contrast, diversity did not show a mediating effect, suggesting that the emotional significance of expressions may be more critical than mere variety. Regarding perceived acting immersion, sub-factors such as alignment of thought and action, degree of mental engagement, and loss of time perception showed significant mediating effects in some pathways, confirming that technological innovation can elicit audiences’ perception of performers’ internal immersion, thereby deepening the overall immersive state. However, UI convenience did not exhibit significant mediating effects in most pathways, indicating that improving operability alone may be insufficient to induce deep immersion. Overall, this study contributes both academically and practically by clarifying the perceived mediating roles of psychological and bodily factors in audience immersion within AI-based performance environments, thereby extending technology-centered performance research to a more audience-centered, participation- and immersion-focused perspective.
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