년 - 년
[NRF 연계] 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.9 No.1 2015.02 pp.1-10
...Music Videos of 'Gangnam Style', 'Gentlemen' and 'Hangover'. We all agreed with that the important part of his success was funny images in his Music Videos which is representing Asian men. Nevertheless, they are not identical with typical Asian men, even it is opposition of it, Westerners are so enthusiastic about it. This study started to question about the way they look at Asian men and Which point of Psy's Images made them so exciting. Sight is the most crucial part to understand the world in western culture. Westerners are traditionally so used to understand something through the vision. As considering their culture, we can ask the reason of their enthusiasm on funny images in Psy's Music Videos and the reason that he is using it repeatedly. This study would like to prove the reason based on Orientalism and Culture Industry theory.
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Korea's singer, Psy enjoyed a tremendous popularity throughout the world after making a big hit with 'Gangnam style'. Especially, His success in the western was a great honor and joy to Koreans because it was unprecedented and made us feel proud of him. However, after 'Gangnam style', His next songs, 'Gentlemen' and 'Hangover', were just appearing to be repetitions of 'Gangnam style' in various ways. This study is focusing repeated Images in Music Videos of 'Gangnam Style', 'Gentlemen' and 'Hangover'. We all agreed with that the important part of his success was funny images in his Music Videos which is representing Asian men. Nevertheless, they are not identical with typical Asian men, even it is opposition of it, Westerners are so enthusiastic about it. This study started to question about the way they look at Asian men and Which point of Psy's Images made them so exciting. Sight is the most crucial part to understand the world in western culture. Westerners are traditionally so used to understand something through the vision. As considering their culture, we can ask the reason of their enthusiasm on funny images in Psy's Music Videos and the reason that he is using it repeatedly. This study would like to prove the reason based on Orientalism and Culture Industry theory.
디지털 음원산업의 흥행요인: 기존 음반산업과 동일한가?
[NRF 연계] 한국경영학회 Korea Business Review Vol.20 No.4 2016.11 pp.231-254
...music records was affected by the record production system, competences of record companies, and initial popularity. More specifically, it was found that the records produced by the market based system on average outlasts the records produced by the vertically integrated system in the length of chart survival. Such findings were consistent with the network theory perspective which suggests that as the competition in Korean recording industry has become intense the market based system has been developed as a way for record companies to effectively maintain flexibility and manage risk by accessing to a variety of musicians and creative productions without costly long-term commitment. It was also found that the records produced by either major productions or major record companies on average outlasts the records produced by non-major productions or non-major record companies in the length of chart survival. Such findings were consistent with the resource based view of the firm which suggests that major productions and major record companies that possess superior resources should outperform rivals with lesser resources. Confirming bandwagon effect, it was found that initial popularity was a very important factor in chart survival in Korean recording industry. However, digital music quickly replaces traditional physical music record in Korea resulting very different business environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the traditional factors of chart success in physical music equally affect chart success in digital music. Thus this study examines the dynamics of chart success in Korean digital music industry over the period of 2012 to 2013 using weekly Korean digital music chart listings. Results of the current study suggest that unlike physical music traditional factors of chart success, such as the production system of market based or vertical integration, and the power of major production and distribute companies, were not important for the success of the digital music. Only the initial popularity was an important factor for the digital music as well as physical music. Such results imply that we need a deeper understanding of distinct environment of digital music industry in order to cultivate effective strategies.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구는 국내 대중음악 산업의 디지털 음원 제작에 있어 제작시스템, 제작주체의 역량 및 초기 성공이 음원의 흥행성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 국내 대중음악 산업은 2000년대 이후 전통적인 음반 시장이 축소되는 반면 디지털 음원 시장이 급성장하는 급격한 환경 변화에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 국내 음반 산업에서 검증되었던 성과 결정요인 및 대중음악 소비 메커니즘이 변화된 디지털 음원 중심의 산업 환경에서도 동일하게 유의한지를 검증하는 것은 의미있는 시도가 될 수 있다. 본 연구의 분석 대상은 한국의 대중음악 공인 차트인 가온 디지털 종합차트에 집계된 2012년 12월에서 2013년 12월 차트 주간 순위 100위에 진입된 1,428곡이다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 음원흥행에 영향을 미치는 변수로서 기존 국내 음반 산업을 대상으로 분석한 임성준과 윤문수(2008), 임성준과 백운선(2004)의 선행연구를 바탕으로 제작시스템의 차이, 제작사의 역량, 유통사의 역량, 스타파워, 차트진입 첫 주의 상위권 여부, 신인가수 여부를 도출하였다. 음원 흥행은 ‘음원의 차트상주기간’과 ‘첫 주 음원차트 진입순위’로서 각각 전체흥행성과와 초기 흥행성과를 측정하였다. 분석결과, 제작시스템, 제작사 및 유통사의 역량이 흥행요인으로 분석되었던 국내 음반 산업 대상 선행연구의 결과와는 상이한 결과가 도출되었다. 구체적으로 제작시스템, 제작사의 역량, 유통사의 역량은 디지털 음원의 전체 흥행성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났고 진입 첫 주 상위권 여부와 스타파워가 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 이는 음원의 초기 성공여부가 편승효과(Bandwagon Effect)에 기인하여 디지털 음원 전체 흥행성과에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인임이 검증된 결과이며, 이러한 영향 정도는 기성가수 및 신인가수에 따라 차별화되는 경향이 나타났다. 차트진입 첫 주 순위로 측정된 디지털 음원의 초기 흥행성과에 있어서는 제작시스템과 유통사의 역량이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 그 효과는 음원의 차트 상주기간으로 측정된 전체 흥행성과로는 연결되지 않았다. 연구결과를 종합하면 디지털 음원 중심의 음악산업 환경에서는 그동안 음반산업에서 성공방식으로 가정되고 시도되고 있는 제작시스템과 메이저 제작사 및 유통사의 영향력은 예상과는 달리 흥행요인이 되지 못하였다. 따라서 새롭게 전개되고 있는 디지털 음원 중심의 산업 환경에 대한 깊은 이해와 음원을 성공으로 이끌기 위한 새로운 접근 전략이 요구된다고 할 수 있다.
Previous research found that incidence of chart success measured by the length of chart survival of physical music records was affected by the record production system, competences of record companies, and initial popularity. More specifically, it was found that the records produced by the market based system on average outlasts the records produced by the vertically integrated system in the length of chart survival. Such findings were consistent with the network theory perspective which suggests that as the competition in Korean recording industry has become intense the market based system has been developed as a way for record companies to effectively maintain flexibility and manage risk by accessing to a variety of musicians and creative productions without costly long-term commitment. It was also found that the records produced by either major productions or major record companies on average outlasts the records produced by non-major productions or non-major record companies in the length of chart survival. Such findings were consistent with the resource based view of the firm which suggests that major productions and major record companies that possess superior resources should outperform rivals with lesser resources. Confirming bandwagon effect, it was found that initial popularity was a very important factor in chart survival in Korean recording industry. However, digital music quickly replaces traditional physical music record in Korea resulting very different business environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the traditional factors of chart success in physical music equally affect chart success in digital music. Thus this study examines the dynamics of chart success in Korean digital music industry over the period of 2012 to 2013 using weekly Korean digital music chart listings. Results of the current study suggest that unlike physical music traditional factors of chart success, such as the production system of market based or vertical integration, and the power of major production and distribute companies, were not important for the success of the digital music. Only the initial popularity was an important factor for the digital music as well as physical music. Such results imply that we need a deeper understanding of distinct environment of digital music industry in order to cultivate effective strategies.
고등학교 선택과목 ‘음악과 진로’와 관련하여 음악 산업에 관한 내용 및 지도 방법의 논의
[NRF 연계] 학습자중심교과교육학회 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.4 2012.12 pp.339-363
...Music and Career', according to the strong will by the government to emphasize career searching, and made it to be taught to freshmen in high schools since 2014. Especially, considering cognitive developmental characteristics of teenagers in the high school level, critical and analytical process of thinking about musical events or values are necessary in the level of high school students. Hence, inducing to youths critical and analytical thinking and extensive eyes for music industry through effective study about 'music industry' may be very meaningful. In this aspect, this study examined accepting validity of the elective subjective 'Music and Career' based on the revised curriculum by 2009 and the contents related to music industry in the classes of 'Music and Career', which mean the changing processes, the kinds of jobs regarding to music industry, and the structure and characteristics of phonographic industry, and discussed the effective teaching and learning methods about them. These classes about music industry will help students gain different information about music, and also help them search various kinds of jobs related to music industry.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
2009년 개정 교육과정은 진로의 탐색을 강하게 부각시키는 정부의 의지에 따라 고등학교에 새로운 선택과목 ‘음악과 진로’라는 과목을 포함시키고, 2014년도 고등학교 1학년부터 가르치도록 하고 있다. 특히, 고등학교 시기 청소년들의 인지적 발달의 특성을 고려할 때 고등학생의 수준에는 음악적 현상이나 가치에 대한 비판적․분석적 사고의 과정이 필요하다. 따라서 이시기에 ‘음악 산업’에 관한 효과적인 학습을 통하여 청소년들의 비판적․분석적 사고와 음악 산업에 대한 폭 넓은 안목을 이끌어 내는 것은 매우 의미 있다고 본다. 이러한 국면에서 이 연구는 여러 학자들의 이론과 2009 개정 교육과정을 바탕으로 고등학교 선택과목 ‘음악과 진로’의 수용적 타당성을 알아보고, ‘음악과 진로’의 수업에서 음악 산업과 관련한 내용들, 즉 음악 산업의 변천과정․음악 산업과 관련된 직업의 종류․음반 산업의 구조와 특성 등을 살펴보며, 이와 관련한 효과적인 교수․학습 방법들에 대하여 논의하였다. 이러한 음악 산업에 관한 수업은 학생들이 음악 산업과 관련하여 다양한 정보를 습득하고, 더 나아가 음악 산업과 연관된 다양한 직업을 탐색해 보는 데에 도움을 줄 것이다.
The revised education curriculum in 2009 included a new elective subject 'Music and Career', according to the strong will by the government to emphasize career searching, and made it to be taught to freshmen in high schools since 2014. Especially, considering cognitive developmental characteristics of teenagers in the high school level, critical and analytical process of thinking about musical events or values are necessary in the level of high school students. Hence, inducing to youths critical and analytical thinking and extensive eyes for music industry through effective study about 'music industry' may be very meaningful. In this aspect, this study examined accepting validity of the elective subjective 'Music and Career' based on the revised curriculum by 2009 and the contents related to music industry in the classes of 'Music and Career', which mean the changing processes, the kinds of jobs regarding to music industry, and the structure and characteristics of phonographic industry, and discussed the effective teaching and learning methods about them. These classes about music industry will help students gain different information about music, and also help them search various kinds of jobs related to music industry.
세계 주요 음악시장의 동향에 따른 국내 음악시장 활성화와 해외 음악시장 진출
[NRF 연계] 한국무역연구원 무역연구 Vol.6 No.3 2010.09 pp.349-378
...music industry is exposed to turbulent environment because of the digitalization of music. This study examines the current global music market, particularly three major local markets, US, Japan, and UK. Each local market shows distinctive characteristics. We analyze the possibility of exporting music to these markets. Implications for Korean music companies are also discussed.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Global music industry is exposed to turbulent environment because of the digitalization of music. This study examines the current global music market, particularly three major local markets, US, Japan, and UK. Each local market shows distinctive characteristics. We analyze the possibility of exporting music to these markets. Implications for Korean music companies are also discussed.
온라인 음악시장의 성장과 DRM-free 판매 방식의 확대에 대한 이론적 분석
[NRF 연계] 정보통신정책학회 정보통신정책연구 Vol.17 No.2 2010.06 pp.27-54
...music sellers recently, is rationalized from the point of seller. We find that DRM-free is consistent with the seller's profit maximization with more realistic parameter ranges, which can be interpreted as reflecting the advanced digital world. The intuition behind this solution is rather simple. With less effective anti-piracy function in DRM, which in fact reflects the reality of advanced digital world, DRM-free becomes the optimal choice of the firm. A higher level of DRM only deteriorates the quality of the legitimate products without much effect on the copying cost of unauthorized copies. On the other hand, the firm chooses the maximum level of DRM to deter unauthorized copies in the market when DRM is highly effective in protecting piracy. In this case, legal users experience severe quality deterioration of the legitimate products. Additionally, we present the welfare maximizing DRM levels and compare with the profit maximizing levels.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
일반적으로 DRM(Digital Rights Managements)은 온라인 음악시장의 형식적, 구조적 특징에 따라 발생하는 불법복제 및 유통의 문제를 해결하는 유효한 수단으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 DRM은 동시에 적법한 사용자의 이용권한과 범위를 제약함에 따라 이들의 사용가치를 낮추게 하는 측면도 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 DRM의 상충관계, 즉 ‘불법복제 방지’와 적법한 사용자의 ‘사용가치 감소’를 명시적으로 고려한 모형을 설정한 후, 판매자의 이윤을 극대화하는 DRM의 수준을 살펴보았다. 특히 최근 제기되고 있는 것처럼 사용자의 이용권한과 범위를 전혀 제약하지 않는 DRM-free 형태의 판매방식의 주장이 과연 판매자의 입장에서 정당화되는지를 살펴보았다. 분석의 결과, 온라인 음악시장의 성장에 따라 보다 현실적으로 해석되어지는 파라미터의 범위에서는 DRM-free 형태의 판매방식이 판매자의 이윤극대화와 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 사회후생을 극대화하는 DRM의 수준을 분석하고, 이를 판매자의 이윤을 극대화하는 DRM 수준과 비교하여 시사점을 도출하였다.
The advanced digital world unnecessarily accompany several unpleasant phenomena on copyrights protections. One of them is that copying and distributing of digital products have become easier without legal authorization. Users can copy high-quality unauthorized digital products either by 'ripping' originals or by downloading from the Internet. They also can freely transmit unauthorized copies in digital format among themselves via peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies. This trend inevitably causes a concern for the legal content provider, and the most obvious observation is the decline of revenue. This difficulty also means that the traditional measures, such as legal and regulatory protections, have less effect on fighting against the piracy. As a result, significant amounts of efforts have gone into designing technical protections rather than relying on legal measures to reduce the extent of digital piracy. Among them, DRM(Digital Rights Managements) is considered as an effective measure to tackle these online piracy problems since it enables to solve the problems technically. However, DRM systems also constrains the user flexibility and scope, reducing the value of the originals. This paper explicitly incorporates this trade-off, and study the profit maximizing levels of protection in DRM. The framework augments the feature of DRM choice to the commonly used vertical differentiation model in the previous literature. In particular, we extend the vertical differentiation model in such a way that a higher level of DRM reduces the quality of the legitimate products as well as raises the copying cost of unauthorized copies. This specification contrasts to Sundararajan (2004), where DRM also degrades the quality of unauthorized copies proportionally to consumer's valuation. In addition, we introduce an assumption that the unauthorized copies have the lower quality than the DRM-free legitimate products. With the model, we investigate whether DRM-free, which is increasingly suggested and implemented among digital music sellers recently, is rationalized from the point of seller. We find that DRM-free is consistent with the seller's profit maximization with more realistic parameter ranges, which can be interpreted as reflecting the advanced digital world. The intuition behind this solution is rather simple. With less effective anti-piracy function in DRM, which in fact reflects the reality of advanced digital world, DRM-free becomes the optimal choice of the firm. A higher level of DRM only deteriorates the quality of the legitimate products without much effect on the copying cost of unauthorized copies. On the other hand, the firm chooses the maximum level of DRM to deter unauthorized copies in the market when DRM is highly effective in protecting piracy. In this case, legal users experience severe quality deterioration of the legitimate products. Additionally, we present the welfare maximizing DRM levels and compare with the profit maximizing levels.
[NRF 연계] 건국대학교 글로컬문화전략연구소 문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.21 2021.04 pp.137-162
...music video contributed greatly to the remarkable growth of K-Pop. In order for the Korean Wave including K-Pop to go further into the world, research on the relationship between music videos and the music industry is needed. In 2004, the media in the music industry of Korea changed dramatically from record to sound source like mp3, online streaming. This study examined the correlation between the change in the media structure of the music industry and music videos in Korea. The large-scale investment in music videos made in the 1990s suddenly declined in the early 2000s. And studio type music videos have increased significantly. The change in the type of music video needs to be explained by an analysis of the relationship between the change in the media structure and the type of music video. Due to the media’s Big Cross, eChanges such as the spread of single music releases, the decline of general record companies and the rise of music distribution companies, the diversification of the music industry’s profit model, the growth of entertainment agencies, and the lower barriers to market entry were made rapidly. The studio type music video is economically and time-efficient and it can be produced stably without the input of large capital. So it is suitable for the speed, economy, and efficiency required by the market centering on music industry. In the future, as various media emerge, music videos become more diverse, and as they enter the global market, it can be expected that large-scale investments will gradually be made.
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K-Pop의 괄목할 만한 성장에는 뮤직비디오가 크게 기여하였다. K-Pop을 비롯한 한류가 더욱 세계 속으로 나아가기 위해서는 뮤직비디오와 음악산업의 관계에대한 연구가 필요하다. 2004년을 분기점으로 음악산업에서는 음반에서 음원으로 이동하는 매체의 대전환이 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 음악산업의 매체구조변화와 뮤직비디오의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 1990년대에 이루어졌던 뮤직비디오에 대한 대규모의 투자가2000년대 초반에 들어와 갑자기 줄어들었다. 그리고 스튜디오 세트 유형의 뮤직비디오가 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 뮤직비디오 유형의 변화는 매체구조의 변화와 뮤직비디오 유형화의 관계 작용에 대한 분석으로 설명할 필요가 있다. 매체 빅 크로스로 인하여 싱글 음원 발매의 확산, 종합음반사의 쇠락과 음원유통사업자의 부상, 음악산업 수익모델의 다변화와 엔터테인먼트 기획사의 성장, 낮아진 시장진입 장벽 등의 환경변화가 급속하게 이루어졌고 뮤직비디오는 스튜디오세트 제작이 급속하게 증가하였다. 스튜디오 세트 유형은 경제적, 시간적으로 효율적이며 대자본의 투입 없이도 안정적으로 제작할 수 있고, 음원을 중심으로 하는 시장에서 요구하는 신속성과 경제성, 효율성 등에 부합한다. 향후의 뮤직비디오는 매체가 발달하고 접근이 용이해지면서 더욱 다양성이 증가하고, K-Pop의 세계시장 진출이 확대되면서 점차 많은 자본이 들어가는 대작이늘어날 것으로 전망할 수 있다.
The music video contributed greatly to the remarkable growth of K-Pop. In order for the Korean Wave including K-Pop to go further into the world, research on the relationship between music videos and the music industry is needed. In 2004, the media in the music industry of Korea changed dramatically from record to sound source like mp3, online streaming. This study examined the correlation between the change in the media structure of the music industry and music videos in Korea. The large-scale investment in music videos made in the 1990s suddenly declined in the early 2000s. And studio type music videos have increased significantly. The change in the type of music video needs to be explained by an analysis of the relationship between the change in the media structure and the type of music video. Due to the media’s Big Cross, eChanges such as the spread of single music releases, the decline of general record companies and the rise of music distribution companies, the diversification of the music industry’s profit model, the growth of entertainment agencies, and the lower barriers to market entry were made rapidly. The studio type music video is economically and time-efficient and it can be produced stably without the input of large capital. So it is suitable for the speed, economy, and efficiency required by the market centering on music industry. In the future, as various media emerge, music videos become more diverse, and as they enter the global market, it can be expected that large-scale investments will gradually be made.
러시아 음악산업의 현황과 전망: 음악 스트리밍 시장을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국슬라브·유라시아학회 슬라브학보 Vol.34 No.2 2019.06 pp.133-156
...music market, streaming services are booming and are becoming a trend. As in the global trend, the most rapid growth in the music market in Russia is in the "streaming" category. Analyst firm ‘GlobalWebIndex’ reported in the fourth quarter of 2016 that 62% of the world's people listen to music through streaming services such as ‘Sporty’ or ‘Apple music’. And about 13% of them are using paid subscription services. In Russia, people who use streaming services for free are increasingly turning to paying subscribers. In 2017, pay-per-view subscribers will increase by 2.6 times in a year and clean up concerns that if a paid subscription is implemented in earnest, most people will not use the service. In 2018, more than 2 million users in Russia have signed up to pay music content services, and this growth is expected to continue steadily, reaching between 10 million and 12 million as early as 2020. In this article, we will examine the status of Russian music industry since 2010. In particular, we will focus on the changes between 2015 and 2017, when streaming services began to develop in earnest. We will also compare the service quality of domestic and international music streaming companies operating in Russia and analyze how Russians listen to music and their musical preference trends. This will provide the contents and outline of the attention of Korean and foreign companies considering the advancement into the Russian music market in the future. Furthermore, based on the results of this study, we will try to find the first task and its solution for the development of the Russian music streaming market, and we will measure the prospect of the Russian music industry in the future.
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세계 음악 시장 내에서 스트리밍 서비스가 급성장하며 하나의 트렌드로 자리 잡고 있듯이, 러시아 내에서도 음악 시장 내에서 가장 급격한 성장을 기록한 분야는 단연 ‘스트리밍’ 부문이다. 분석 기업 <GlobalWebIndex>의 2016년 4분기 자료에 따르면, 전 세계 62%에 해당하는 이용자가 ‘스포티파이’나 ‘애플뮤직’과 같은 스트리밍 서비스를 통해서 음악을 청취하며, 그중 약 13%에 해당하는 사람이 유료구독 서비스를 이용하고 있다. 러시아의 경우 무료 스트리밍 서비스 이용자들이 점진적으로 유료 구독자로 전환되는 중이다. 2017년에는 1년 만에 유료 구독자가 2.6배 증가하는 기염을 토하며 유료 구독이 도입되면 이용자들이 대거 이탈하게 될 것이라는 우려를 말끔하게 씻어낸 바 있다. 2018년 한 해에만 러시아 내에서 2백만 명이 넘는 사용자가 유료 음악콘텐츠 서비스에 가입했으며, 이러한 증가세는 꾸준히 이어져서 2020년 경에 이르면 약 1000만 명에서 1200만 명에 달할 것으로 예측된다. 이에 본 고에서는 2010년도 이후 현재까지 러시아 음악산업 현황을 짚어보고자 한다. 그중에서도 특히 스트리밍 서비스가 본격적으로 발전하기 시작한 2015년~2017년 사이의 변화를 집중적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 현재 러시아 내에서 서비스되고 있는 국내외 음악 스트리밍 서비스를 비교하면서 러시아인들이 음악을 듣는 방식 및 그들의 선호 경향을 분석해 보고자 한다. 이를 통해 향후 러시아 음악 시장 진출을 염두에 둔 우리나라 및 해외 업체들이 주목해야 될 내용의 윤곽이 그려질 것이다. 더 나아가 본 고에서 행한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 러시아에서 음악 스트리밍 서비스 시장의 발전을 위해 선결되어야 할 과제와 그 해결을 방안 모색해보고, 향후 러시아 음악산업 전망을 가늠해보고자 한다.
Within the world music market, streaming services are booming and are becoming a trend. As in the global trend, the most rapid growth in the music market in Russia is in the "streaming" category. Analyst firm ‘GlobalWebIndex’ reported in the fourth quarter of 2016 that 62% of the world's people listen to music through streaming services such as ‘Sporty’ or ‘Apple music’. And about 13% of them are using paid subscription services. In Russia, people who use streaming services for free are increasingly turning to paying subscribers. In 2017, pay-per-view subscribers will increase by 2.6 times in a year and clean up concerns that if a paid subscription is implemented in earnest, most people will not use the service. In 2018, more than 2 million users in Russia have signed up to pay music content services, and this growth is expected to continue steadily, reaching between 10 million and 12 million as early as 2020. In this article, we will examine the status of Russian music industry since 2010. In particular, we will focus on the changes between 2015 and 2017, when streaming services began to develop in earnest. We will also compare the service quality of domestic and international music streaming companies operating in Russia and analyze how Russians listen to music and their musical preference trends. This will provide the contents and outline of the attention of Korean and foreign companies considering the advancement into the Russian music market in the future. Furthermore, based on the results of this study, we will try to find the first task and its solution for the development of the Russian music streaming market, and we will measure the prospect of the Russian music industry in the future.
국내 아이돌음악에 대한 청소년 인식 연구: 아도르노의 문화 산업론을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국방송학회 방송과 커뮤니케이션 Vol.13 No.4 2012.12 pp.167-202
...music focusing on Adorno’s theory of Culture Industry. This study was aimed to investigate from what perspective adolescents interpreted the phenomena that domestic music industry has become standardized based on Idol musicians or groups, how they conformed to the industrial logic of Idol music by large-scale entertainment agencies, how they consumed idol music, and how they evaluated the principles of homogeneity embedded in its consumption, thus deducting concrete meaning from the said investigation. Qualitative analysis is performed based Focus Group interview. While keeping this in mind that it is expected that music should be created with great responsibilities from various perspectives for the creative thinking of adolescents, and the adolescents also should approach the idol music with their own standards.
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본 연구의 목적은 아도르노 문화산업론에 입각해 아이돌음악에 대한 청소년의 경험 및 인식을 살펴보는데 있다. 먼저 아도르노의 핵심사유를 고찰하고, 이를 전제로 초점집단 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 구체적으로 국내 음악산업이 아이돌음악 중심으로 편재되어 표준화되는 현상에 대한 인식은 어떠한지, 대형 엔터테인먼트 기획사에 의한 산업적 논리에 어떻게 순응하는지, 아이돌음악에 잠재되어 있는 동일성의 원리를 어떻게 견지하는지에 대한 의미가 도출되었다. 첫째, 아이돌음악의 표준화에 대해 고유색이 사라지고 비슷한 멜로디가 강조된다는 맥락에서 비판적 시각을 견지했지만, 산업적 기여도는 높게 평가했다. 둘째, 대형 엔터테인먼트 기획사의 주도에 대해서는 이익의 크기로 영향력이 결정되는 현실을 인정하면서도, 그들에 의해 음악산업 전체가 좌우되는 점은 우려를 표했다. 셋째, 과반수이상의 참여자들은 아이돌음악의 지속적 청취가 음악적 취향을 동질화시킴으로써 올바른 사고에 방해됨을 밝혔다. 이렇듯 본 연구는 그동안 지나치게 낙관론의 입장에서 비춰져왔던 아이돌음악을 아도르노의 비판적 시각을 통해 새롭게 조명함으로써 다양한 논의를 이끌었다는 차원에서 의의를 갖는다. 또한 그동안 아이돌음악의 가장 큰 소비층임에도 불구하고 간과되어 왔던 청소년을 대상으로 그들의 인식을 분석했다는 점에서 의미를 부여하는 바이다.
This study explored the adolescents understanding of Korean Idol music focusing on Adorno’s theory of Culture Industry. This study was aimed to investigate from what perspective adolescents interpreted the phenomena that domestic music industry has become standardized based on Idol musicians or groups, how they conformed to the industrial logic of Idol music by large-scale entertainment agencies, how they consumed idol music, and how they evaluated the principles of homogeneity embedded in its consumption, thus deducting concrete meaning from the said investigation. Qualitative analysis is performed based Focus Group interview. While keeping this in mind that it is expected that music should be created with great responsibilities from various perspectives for the creative thinking of adolescents, and the adolescents also should approach the idol music with their own standards.
온라인 음악과 오프라인 음반의 산업적 특성에 관한 비교 연구: 스트리밍 횟수와 음반판매량을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국커뮤니케이션학회 커뮤니케이션학 연구 Vol.13 No.4 2005.12 pp.100-117
...music industry and off line music industry. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis is conducted. The result indicates that the concentration ratios of the two industries is all but same, however the determinants of popularity are different depending on industries. These imply that the adoption of new technology could change the music industry into a different shape.
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본 연구에서는 온라인 음악산업과 오프라인 음반산업의 산업적 특성을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 구체적으로는 첫째 인기 순위별로 스트리밍 음악과 음반의 판매량을 비교하여 두 산업의 판매 집중도를 비교하였고, 둘째 오프라인에서 인기를 얻은 음반이 여전히 온라인에서 인기를 얻고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 연구결과에 의하면, 몇몇 음반에 인기가 집중되는 현상은 온라인과 오프라인 음반산업이 다름이 없었다. 그러나 오프라인 음반 산업에서는 출시 첫 달에 판매량의 대부분이 판매되는 반면, 스트리밍 싸이트에서는 상대적으로 오랜 기간 동안에 걸쳐 소비량이 늘어나는 추세를 보였다. 이 연구에서는 또한 온라인 에서 인기를 얻는 음반과 오프라인에서 인기를 얻는 음반이 서로 다를 수 있다는 점을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 이 연구는 불모지나 다름없는 국내 음악산업에 관한 연구에 중요한 시사점과 다양한 후속연구 방향을 제시하였다.
This article aims to compare the concentration trends and the determinants of popularity of on line music industry and off line music industry. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis is conducted. The result indicates that the concentration ratios of the two industries is all but same, however the determinants of popularity are different depending on industries. These imply that the adoption of new technology could change the music industry into a different shape.
한국 대중음악산업의 과점화와 그 영향력에 대한 연구: 아이돌산업 내 과점 기업을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국문화산업학회 문화산업연구 Vol.18 No.2 2018.06 pp.48-61
...industry, centered on the idol industry in the Korean pop music industry, is affecting the cultural ecology. In recent years, success and failure in the idol industry are not due to the difference in the artist's skills or competitiveness, but to the size and status of the company and the resulting media exposure. This study focused on this phenomenon to confirm the oligopoly in the Korean idol industry through case analysis, and also confirmed whether this oligopoly structure actually affects the success or failure of products in the industry. According to the study, the domestic pop music industry is currently forming an oligopolistic model centered around the top nine companies, some of which are vertically owned by distribution networks, broadcasters and online platforms. It also confirmed that the size of the oligopoly and whether or not they are exposed to the media are having a greater impact on the performance of the idol rather than the ability of the idol themselves. This is important in that changes in the industrial structure in the Korean idol industry can affect the resources of cultural ecosystems such as diversity and innovation. However, since the actors in the market interact each other, the current oligopoly can not be guaranteed to bring about the unification of Korean pop music or conflicts among actors. Therefore, we recommend continuous research on the changing timing of the future, while paying attention to the entire Korean idol industry and pop music industry.
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본 연구는 한국 대중음악산업 내 아이돌산업을 중심으로 문화산업의 과점모델이 해당 문화 생태계에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 다각에서는 아이돌산업에서의 성공과 실패가 아티스트의 실력이나 생산물의 경쟁력이 아닌, 소속사의 시장 내 규모와 지위, 또한 그로 인한 미디어 노출의 차이에 기인하고 있는 것이 아닌지 우려의 목소리를 내고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상에 주목하여 한국 아이돌산업 내 과점화 현상을 사례분석을 통해 확인하고, 또한 이러한 과점구조가 실제로 산업 내 생산물들의 성패에 영향을 미치는지를 실증적 자료를 통해 검증하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 현재 국내 대중음악산업은 상위 9개 기업을 중심으로 하는 과점 모델을 형성하고 있으며 특히 이 중 일부 기업은 배급망과 방송사, 온라인 플랫폼 등을 소유함으로써 수직적 통합 구조를 구축해 나가고 있어, 한국 아이돌산업의 다이아몬드 내 주체들이 수평적 관계성을 갖기 어려운 구조가 되고 있다. 또한 실제 과점기업들의 기업 규모와 미디어에의 노출 여부가 아이돌 스스로가 보유하는 작사·작곡 능력과 같은 요인보다 아이돌의 성과에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 한국 아이돌산업 내 산업 구조의 변화가 음악의 다양성, 혁신과 같은 문화 생태계의 자원에 영향을 미칠 수 있음 의미한다는 점에서 중요하다. 그러나 시장 내 주체들은 서로 상호작용하며 행동하기 때문에 현재의 과점화가 곧 한국대중음악의 단일화 또는 산업 내 주체들 간의 위계관계로 인한 갈등을 가져올 것으로 단언할 수는 없다. 따라서 우리는 한국 아이돌산업 및 대중음악산업 전반을 주지하면서 향후의 시기적 변화에 대해서도 지속적 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.
The study aims to identify how the oligopoly model of the cultural industry, centered on the idol industry in the Korean pop music industry, is affecting the cultural ecology. In recent years, success and failure in the idol industry are not due to the difference in the artist's skills or competitiveness, but to the size and status of the company and the resulting media exposure. This study focused on this phenomenon to confirm the oligopoly in the Korean idol industry through case analysis, and also confirmed whether this oligopoly structure actually affects the success or failure of products in the industry. According to the study, the domestic pop music industry is currently forming an oligopolistic model centered around the top nine companies, some of which are vertically owned by distribution networks, broadcasters and online platforms. It also confirmed that the size of the oligopoly and whether or not they are exposed to the media are having a greater impact on the performance of the idol rather than the ability of the idol themselves. This is important in that changes in the industrial structure in the Korean idol industry can affect the resources of cultural ecosystems such as diversity and innovation. However, since the actors in the market interact each other, the current oligopoly can not be guaranteed to bring about the unification of Korean pop music or conflicts among actors. Therefore, we recommend continuous research on the changing timing of the future, while paying attention to the entire Korean idol industry and pop music industry.
[NRF 연계] 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.12 No.3 2018.04 pp.39-53
...music, art, literature and play of the ‘art’ and culture contains wider scope, so symbol system of society, the way of life and values shared between social members and the output of human’s intellectual·mental·creative activity coexist. Culture was expanded to the scope of Art Cultural Industries through commercialization and industrialization, and especially ‘music industry area’ is showing different transformation and growth trend together with the stream of times. This study is an exploratory study on music industry in culture art age and it conducts exploratory study on music industry in culture art age focusing on structural analysis of production and distribution process of digital sound source which is showing new growth trend together with popularity of Korean wave contents. In order to conduct exploratory study on domestic music industry, this study firstly examines scope of domestic music industry. Second, it examines the scale of music industry and subsequently, it examines the scale of recording industry. Based on this contents, this study classifies to classification of recording, production of digital recording, understanding on music distribution process and adjustment of album and then conducts production of digital sound source and analysis on distribution structure.
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문화예술은 현시대의 특징을 가장 잘 보여주는 인류문화시대의 언어이다. 문화예술은 예술의 음악, 미술, 문학, 연극 등의 장르들을 내포하고 있으며, 문화는 보다 더 넓은 범위를 포괄하는 것으로 사회의 상징체계와 사회 구성원 간 공유하는 삶의 방식 및 가치관, 그리고 인간의 지적·정신적·창의적 활동의결과물이 함께 한다. 문화는 상품화 및 산업화를 통하여 문화예술산업(Art Cultural Industries)의 영역으로 확대되었고, 특히‘디지털 음악산업’은 시대의흐름과 함께 색다른 변모와 성장세를 보였다. 본 연구는 문화예술시대의 음악산업에 대한 탐색적 연구로서 한류콘텐츠의 인기와 함께 새로운 성장세를 보이고 있는 디지털 음원의 제작과 유통 과정의 구조분석을 중심으로 문화예술시대의 디지털 음악산업에대한 탐색적 연구를 하였다. 첫째, 국내 음악산업에대한 이해를 위하여 국내 음악산업의 범위, 음악산업의 규모, 음반산업의 규모, 온라인 음악유통업의 규모를 살펴보았다. 둘째, 디지털 음반 제작과정의 이해를 위하여 수록곡의 수량과 성격에 따른 음반 분류, 음원 제작 과정, 홍보 자료 제작 과정, 홍보방법을 통한 디지털 음반 제작에 대한 이해를 도모하였다. 셋째, 디지털 음반 유통과정의 이해를 위하여 음반의 유통과정, 유통준비, 정산을 중심으로 분석하였다.
Culture art is the language of human culture age showing well the characteristic of current age. Culture art contains various genre such as music, art, literature and play of the ‘art’ and culture contains wider scope, so symbol system of society, the way of life and values shared between social members and the output of human’s intellectual·mental·creative activity coexist. Culture was expanded to the scope of Art Cultural Industries through commercialization and industrialization, and especially ‘music industry area’ is showing different transformation and growth trend together with the stream of times. This study is an exploratory study on music industry in culture art age and it conducts exploratory study on music industry in culture art age focusing on structural analysis of production and distribution process of digital sound source which is showing new growth trend together with popularity of Korean wave contents. In order to conduct exploratory study on domestic music industry, this study firstly examines scope of domestic music industry. Second, it examines the scale of music industry and subsequently, it examines the scale of recording industry. Based on this contents, this study classifies to classification of recording, production of digital recording, understanding on music distribution process and adjustment of album and then conducts production of digital sound source and analysis on distribution structure.
창조적 혁신 관점에 의한 음악산업의 ESP 자산 서비스 모델 연구 : 음악저작권 투자 플랫폼 ‘뮤직카우’ 사례를 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국국회학회 한국과 세계 Vol.7 No.1 2025.01 pp.707-746
...Musicow, Korea's first music copyright investment platform, as a new paradigm shift through creative destruction and growth models. Research was conducted through literature review and interviews. First, in terms of technological innovation, Musicow implemented digital asset technology and big data-based music valuation systems. Second, regarding R&D competition, they gained advantages through intangible asset quantification and fintech-based platform technology with risk management models. Third, for market entry and exit, it enabled new participants like prosumer investors, fintech companies, and data brokers, while existing music platforms experienced innovation growth. Fourth, in endogenous growth, the platform created self-sustaining momentum through participant interactions and data accumulation. Finally, regarding continuous innovation, Musicow evolved from a digital copyright model to implementing dynamic pricing and auction systems. The study concludes that Musicow represents a new cultural- financial paradigm convergence, providing insights in the Fourth Industrial Revolution era.
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본 연구는 음악산업에 새롭게 등장한 자산 서비스 제공 모델 사례인 음악 저작권 투자 플랫폼 '뮤직카우'를 중심으로, 문화산업의 패러다임 변화를 창조적 혁신을 통한 성장 모델의 관점에서 분석함으로써 그 의미와 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 지시적 내용분석을 채택하고 문헌조사와 심층 인터뷰를 하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, ‘기술 혁신’ 측면에서, 뮤직카우는 디지털 자산화 기술과 빅데이터 기반 음악 가치평가 시스템을 도입하고, 실시간 데이터 분석 기술을 구현했다. 둘째, ‘R&D 경쟁’ 측면에서, 무형자산의 계량화, 디지털 기반의 자산 유동화, 핀테크 기반의 투자 플랫폼 기술, 특히 리스크 관리 모델, 행동경제학 등을 적용하여 경쟁 우위를 달성했다. 셋째, ‘시장 진입과 퇴출’ 측면에서, '프로슈머'로서의 개인 투자자, 핀테크 기업, 데이터 브로커 등 새로운 참여자들이 진입하는 계기가 되었다. 또한 기존 음원플랫폼, 유통사 등의 기술이 성장하는 계기가 되었다. 넷째, ‘내생적 성장’ 측면에서, 플랫폼 참여자 간 상호작용, 데이터 축적, 알고리즘 개선 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 자생적 성장동력을 구축했다. 마지막으로 ‘연속적 혁신’ 측면에서, 뮤직카우는 초기 디지털화된 저작권 모델에서 시작해 다이내믹 프라이싱 모델, 옥션 제도 도입 등 지속적인 서비스 혁신을 이어가고 있다. 본 연구는 금융산업과의 융합을 통해 음악산업에 일어나는 창조적 혁신의 매커니즘을 규명했다는 데 의미가 있다.
This study analyzes the significance of Musicow, Korea's first music copyright investment platform, as a new paradigm shift through creative destruction and growth models. Research was conducted through literature review and interviews. First, in terms of technological innovation, Musicow implemented digital asset technology and big data-based music valuation systems. Second, regarding R&D competition, they gained advantages through intangible asset quantification and fintech-based platform technology with risk management models. Third, for market entry and exit, it enabled new participants like prosumer investors, fintech companies, and data brokers, while existing music platforms experienced innovation growth. Fourth, in endogenous growth, the platform created self-sustaining momentum through participant interactions and data accumulation. Finally, regarding continuous innovation, Musicow evolved from a digital copyright model to implementing dynamic pricing and auction systems. The study concludes that Musicow represents a new cultural- financial paradigm convergence, providing insights in the Fourth Industrial Revolution era.
K-POP 주류(Mainstream)에 의한 한국대중음악산업의 변화에 따른 실용음악교육 개선에 대한 소고
[NRF 연계] 한국문화교육학회 문화예술교육연구 Vol.10 No.6 2015.12 pp.109-127
...music and performance industry with a strong connection with music management industry based on the sound source rather than on the sound disc. With the emergence of the online music market, online music streaming services started in early 2000, which resulted in the expansion of the digital music market. This market was dominated by TV Drama in the first generation, followed by the next generation of Korean wave of the K-POP throughout the Asian market. Even though the practical music education is now under development in the pop music industry, it is necessary to improve the practical music education in the pop music industry which focuses on the training of entertainer and the sale of the goods, as well as developing the college education that gears toward the goals of training musicians. Therefore, in this study, the researcher examined Korean pop music industry and explored how to improve the practical music education. Findings of the study indicate that there were significant changes in the development of K-POP, its business strategies, and in the social recognition of K-Pop artists as well as the change in the distribution network of pop music due to the combination of K-POP and SNS. This study makes suggestions for the growth of the practical music education in the college as follows: First, the development of music educational curriculum for the two different careers; second, the promotion of the industrial-educational collaboration; third, the employment of lecturers with professional experiences in colleges.
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현시대는 음반 중심이 아닌 음원을 기본으로 한 모바일 및 온라인 중심의 디지털 음악 산업과 음악공연산업이 매니지먼트 산업과 연계되어 집중되고 있다. 온라인 음악시장의 등장으로 인해 2000년대 초 온라인 음악 스트리밍 서비스가 개제 되면서 디지털 시장이 확대되었고 이는 1차는 드라마의 아시아 진입을 통해, 2차 K-POP 주류의 시대가 되었다. 대중음악의 산업 속에 실용음악교육 또한 함께 발전하고 있으나 연예인 양성과 상품의 판매로 수익을 목적으로 한 대중음악산업과 뮤지션을 육성하기 위한 대학의 실용음악 교육의 실질적인 교육방향의 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 K-POP 주류의 한국 대중음악산업의 변화된 과정을 통해 현 실용음악교육의 개선할 방향에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 그 배경을 살펴본 결과 K-POP의 운영 및 사업화 전략의 변화가 두드려졌고, K-POP 아티스트에 대한 사회적인 인식이 변화하였으며, K-POP과 SNS의 결합에 의한 대중음악시장의 유통망의 변화가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 K-POP 주류의 한국 대중음악 산업과 대학의 실용음악교육이 함께 성장하기 위해서는 첫째, 진로방향에 따른 커리큘럼 개발, 둘째, 산학 프로그램의 활성화, 셋째, 실무경력 중심의 전문 강사의 채용의 세 가지 방안을 제시하였다.
Currently, there has been more emphasis on the mobile and online digital music and performance industry with a strong connection with music management industry based on the sound source rather than on the sound disc. With the emergence of the online music market, online music streaming services started in early 2000, which resulted in the expansion of the digital music market. This market was dominated by TV Drama in the first generation, followed by the next generation of Korean wave of the K-POP throughout the Asian market. Even though the practical music education is now under development in the pop music industry, it is necessary to improve the practical music education in the pop music industry which focuses on the training of entertainer and the sale of the goods, as well as developing the college education that gears toward the goals of training musicians. Therefore, in this study, the researcher examined Korean pop music industry and explored how to improve the practical music education. Findings of the study indicate that there were significant changes in the development of K-POP, its business strategies, and in the social recognition of K-Pop artists as well as the change in the distribution network of pop music due to the combination of K-POP and SNS. This study makes suggestions for the growth of the practical music education in the college as follows: First, the development of music educational curriculum for the two different careers; second, the promotion of the industrial-educational collaboration; third, the employment of lecturers with professional experiences in colleges.
대만은 어떻게 중화권 대중음악 생산의 중심지가 되었는가? ― 타이베이시 음악산업 클러스터에 대한 논의를 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 중국어문학회 중국어문학지 Vol.88 2024.09 pp.225-263
...music production’. In order to find the answer to the question, the music industry development process by period was divided into four periods in the 1960s to 1990s, and then the embeddedness inside the music industry cluster established in Taipei City and the co-evolution of the music production model were examined. In the 1960s and 1970s, music was produced as a ‘vertical integrated division of labor model’ based on network embeddedness. Under the political pressure of the Kuomintang, the musicians gathered in Taipei City to form an industrial cluster. The actors actively exchanged tacit knowledge with each other and signed exclusive contracts with record labels to promote network solidarity. In the 1980s, as network embeddedness shifted, the music production method evolved into a ‘cooperative network division of labor model’. The shift in network embeddedness was expressed through the change of singer, transformation into a singer-songwriter, and transformation into a record label executive. In the 1990s, both the movement of network embeddedness and disembeddedness worked at the same time, and music production was carried out as a ‘elastic project management model’. In the 1990s, the movement of network embeddedness was expressed in a temporary project organization. Project members of large local and global record labels repeatedly gathered and gathered according to the music style pursued by the singer, and in the process, new ideas were triggered and high-quality songs could be produced. The strong power of profit-seeking caused disembeddedness, and the pursuit of profit could be maximized thanks to the institutionalization of the market. As part of market institutionalization, local record companies discovered talent by holding various music contests, TV audition programs, and music festivals. Global record companies actively utilized their global networks to land singers from China, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia in Taiwan. Both global and large local record companies tried to maximize the pursuit of profits by recruiting singers who were already stars to their companies.
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이 글은 대만이 어떻게 ‘중화권 대중음악 생산의 중심지’가 되었는가에 대한 물음에서 시작했다. 물음에 대한 답을 찾고자 1960~1990년대를 4시기로 나누어 시기별 음악산업 발전 과정을 살펴본 후, 타이베이시에 구축된 음악산업 클러스터 내부의 착근성과 음악 생산모델의 공진화 양상을 고찰했다. 1960~1970년대에는 네트워크 착근성에 기반하여 음악을 ‘수직통합 분업모델’로 생산했다. 정풍운동과 노래심의제도 운용이라는 국민당의 정치적 압력 속에서 음악인들은 타이베이시로 모여들어 산업 클러스터를 형성했다. 행위자들은 상호 간 암묵지를 활발히 교환했고, 음반사와는 전속 계약을 맺으며 네트워크의 결속력을 도모했다. 1980년대 이르러 네트워크 착근성이 이동하면서 음악 생산 방식은 ‘협력적 네트워크 분업모델’로 진화했다. 네트워크 착근성의 이동은 가수의 이직과 싱어송라이터로의 변모, 음반사 간부로의 업종 변환 등으로 표출되었다. 1990년대에는 네트워크 착근성의 이동과 탈착근성 두 가지 힘이 동시에 작용했고, 음악 생산은 ‘탄력적 프로젝트 경영모델’로 이루어졌다. 1990년대의 네트워크 착근성 이동은 한시적 프로젝트 조직을 구성하는 방식으로 표출되었다. 대형 로컬 음반사와 글로벌 음반사의 프로젝트 구성원은 가수가 추구하는 음악 스타일에 맞춰 이합집산을 거듭했으며, 이 과정에서 새로운 아이디어가 촉발되어 양질의 노래를 생산해 낼 수 있었다. 이윤 추구라는 강력한 힘은 탈착근을 유발했고, 이윤 추구는 시장의 제도화에 힘입어 극대화할 수 있었다. 시장 제도화의 일환으로 로컬 음반사는 각종 음악 경연대회나 TV 오디션 프로그램, 음악 페스티벌을 개최하여 인재를 발굴했다. 글로벌 음반사는 자사가 보유하고 있던 글로벌 네트워크를 적극 활용하여 중국, 홍콩, 동남아시아 출신의 가수를 대만에 상륙시켰다. 글로벌 음반사와 대형 로컬 음반사 모두 이미 스타였던 가수를 자신의 회사로 영입하는 전략으로 이윤 추구의 극대화를 도모하기도 했다.
This article started with the question of how Taiwan became a ‘center of Chinese pop music production’. In order to find the answer to the question, the music industry development process by period was divided into four periods in the 1960s to 1990s, and then the embeddedness inside the music industry cluster established in Taipei City and the co-evolution of the music production model were examined. In the 1960s and 1970s, music was produced as a ‘vertical integrated division of labor model’ based on network embeddedness. Under the political pressure of the Kuomintang, the musicians gathered in Taipei City to form an industrial cluster. The actors actively exchanged tacit knowledge with each other and signed exclusive contracts with record labels to promote network solidarity. In the 1980s, as network embeddedness shifted, the music production method evolved into a ‘cooperative network division of labor model’. The shift in network embeddedness was expressed through the change of singer, transformation into a singer-songwriter, and transformation into a record label executive. In the 1990s, both the movement of network embeddedness and disembeddedness worked at the same time, and music production was carried out as a ‘elastic project management model’. In the 1990s, the movement of network embeddedness was expressed in a temporary project organization. Project members of large local and global record labels repeatedly gathered and gathered according to the music style pursued by the singer, and in the process, new ideas were triggered and high-quality songs could be produced. The strong power of profit-seeking caused disembeddedness, and the pursuit of profit could be maximized thanks to the institutionalization of the market. As part of market institutionalization, local record companies discovered talent by holding various music contests, TV audition programs, and music festivals. Global record companies actively utilized their global networks to land singers from China, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia in Taiwan. Both global and large local record companies tried to maximize the pursuit of profits by recruiting singers who were already stars to their companies.
한국 서비스 산업의 성장패턴과 지역별 경쟁력에 대한 연구: 음악산업의 경우
[NRF 연계] 한국무역연구원 무역연구 Vol.15 No.5 2019.10 pp.299-314
...music and movies. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth pattern and regional competitiveness of the Korean music industry, which has played a significant role in the export of cultural products and the Korean Wave in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected data on seven sub-industries of the music industry of Seoul, seven Cities and nine Provinces for the period from 2013 to 2017. The paper then applied the shift-share analysis and regional growth differential analysis to the data. Findings - The Korean music industry has experienced a rapid growth in sales, while Seoul is the leading region of the Korean music industry. However, Seoul lacks competitiveness in some sub-industries. Thus, other Cities and Provinces can compete with Seoul in such sub-industries. While some sub-industries are concentrated in Seoul, other Cities and Provinces can compete and increase their competitiveness in such sub-industries. Research implications or Originality ? The Korean music industry plays a pivotal role in the export of services and cultural products. Moreover, the Korean music industry can enhance images of Korean goods and services to international consumers. Thus, Korean music industry is much more important than it appears in the data on sales and employment. It is important to find ways to sustain growth of the the Korean music industry.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Purpose ? The Korean economy has experienced rapid growth in exports of cultural products such as music and movies. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth pattern and regional competitiveness of the Korean music industry, which has played a significant role in the export of cultural products and the Korean Wave in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected data on seven sub-industries of the music industry of Seoul, seven Cities and nine Provinces for the period from 2013 to 2017. The paper then applied the shift-share analysis and regional growth differential analysis to the data. Findings - The Korean music industry has experienced a rapid growth in sales, while Seoul is the leading region of the Korean music industry. However, Seoul lacks competitiveness in some sub-industries. Thus, other Cities and Provinces can compete with Seoul in such sub-industries. While some sub-industries are concentrated in Seoul, other Cities and Provinces can compete and increase their competitiveness in such sub-industries. Research implications or Originality ? The Korean music industry plays a pivotal role in the export of services and cultural products. Moreover, the Korean music industry can enhance images of Korean goods and services to international consumers. Thus, Korean music industry is much more important than it appears in the data on sales and employment. It is important to find ways to sustain growth of the the Korean music industry.
블록체인 시스템을 활용한 음악 산업 동향 분석 및 미래가치 전망
[Kisti 연계] 한국방송공학회 방송공학회논문지 Vol.23 No.5 2018 pp.701-713
...music platforms and digital profit distribution issues which are considered to be the most important part of the application to the Global music industry based on the block chain system. This attempt is not to reveal the success of the block chain and the value judgment in the societies that will come in the future. How to apply the original function of the block chain in the field of the music industry, which has changed a lot in the digital era, this paper focused on what we need to work on. First, I will briefly review the structure and major functions of the block chain system and the crypto-currency, and examine the link between the blockchain and the music industry. In addition, I will focus on some overseas' cases that are actually applied, and examine the possibility of applying them in the domestic music industry. Through this, I expect that this article will become a cornerstone for discussing the development direction of the music industry, especially the Korean music industry, which is constantly changing due to the technological advancement process.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 논문은 블록체인 시스템에 대한 이해와 동향 파악을 토대로 국내 음악 산업에의 적용 가능성과 관련성이 높다고 판단되는 디지털 뮤직 플랫폼의 변화와 저작권 및 디지털 유통수익 분배 이슈 등에 대해 분석적 고찰을 시도하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 시도와 노력은 앞으로 도래할 미래사회의 블록체인 시스템 활용의 성패를 논하기보다는 디지털시대에 많은 변화를 보이고 있는 음악 산업 분야에 있어서 블록체인의 본래적 기능이 어떻게 적용가능하며, 긍정적 가치를 높이기 위해 우리가 노력해야 할 실제적 요소는 무엇인지 고민하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 블록체인과 암호(가상)화폐의 구조와 주요기능에 대해 간략히 살펴보고 음악 산업과의 연결고리가 무엇인지, 어떻게 적용가능한지 파악한다. 아울러 시스템을 적용한 몇 가지 사례를 중점적으로 분석해 국내 음악 산업에서의 적용 가능성을 타진해 볼 것이다. 이를 통해 본고는 테크놀로지의 고도화 과정에 의해 끊임없이 변화하고 있는 음악 산업 특히 국내 음악 산업계의 발전적 방향에 대한 토론의 장을 마련하는데 하나의 초석이 되길 기대한다.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes of the digital music platforms and digital profit distribution issues which are considered to be the most important part of the application to the Global music industry based on the block chain system. This attempt is not to reveal the success of the block chain and the value judgment in the societies that will come in the future. How to apply the original function of the block chain in the field of the music industry, which has changed a lot in the digital era, this paper focused on what we need to work on. First, I will briefly review the structure and major functions of the block chain system and the crypto-currency, and examine the link between the blockchain and the music industry. In addition, I will focus on some overseas' cases that are actually applied, and examine the possibility of applying them in the domestic music industry. Through this, I expect that this article will become a cornerstone for discussing the development direction of the music industry, especially the Korean music industry, which is constantly changing due to the technological advancement process.
[NRF 연계] 한양대학교 법학연구소 법학논총 Vol.24 No.3 2012.02 pp.505-522
...Music Industry and Copyright Law in the Entertainment AgePark seongho
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Music Industry and Copyright Law in the Entertainment AgePark seongho
[NRF 연계] 한국산업경제학회 산업경제연구 Vol.19 No.1 2006.02 pp.157-178
...music industry. Among the issues, we focus on the protection and commission of intellectual property rights, appropriate price of online music services, profit sharing between contents providers and mobile carriers, and vertical integration and anti-trust issues. This paper emphasizes the protection of copyrights, establishment of copyright collecting agents and societies, provision of reasonable rules for profit sharing among the parties, and regulation of unfair activities due to vertical integration between various music providers as policies that get rid of obstacles for the development of cultural industries in the digital era.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 논문은 우리나라 음악 산업을 중심으로 디지털 컨텐츠의 확산에 따라 문화산업에 나타나고 있는 쟁점들을 정리하고 이에 대한 정책적 함의를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 우리나라 음반시장의 현황에 대해 개관을 한 다음, 디지털 컨텐츠 관련 쟁점들 중에서 특히 저작권 보호 및 관리, 온라인 음악의 적정가격, 권리자 간 수익배분 문제, 그리고 공급자들 간의 시장조직 문제를 중점적으로 다룬다. 본 논문은 저작권 및 저작인접권의 보호, 권리자 간 수익 배분 문제에 대한 합리적인 기준 제시, 공급자들 간의 수직통합으로 인한 불공정 행위의 규제를 우리나라 음악시장의 발전을 위한 정책과제로 제시한다.
This paper reviews and provides policy implications for the issues which are emerging in cultural industries as digital contents become widely used, especially in music industry. Among the issues, we focus on the protection and commission of intellectual property rights, appropriate price of online music services, profit sharing between contents providers and mobile carriers, and vertical integration and anti-trust issues. This paper emphasizes the protection of copyrights, establishment of copyright collecting agents and societies, provision of reasonable rules for profit sharing among the parties, and regulation of unfair activities due to vertical integration between various music providers as policies that get rid of obstacles for the development of cultural industries in the digital era.
[Kisti 연계] 한국통상정보학회 통상정보연구 Vol.7 No.4 2005 pp.3-21
...Music industry confronts turbulent change through the explosive usage of internet in downloading music files by consumers. Internet substitutes traditional music distributional channel and develops new digital music market. This study examines what change has been brought to music industry in both domestic market and global market by the usage of internet. The study also discusses some cases and legal issues in digital music industry.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
Music industry confronts turbulent change through the explosive usage of internet in downloading music files by consumers. Internet substitutes traditional music distributional channel and develops new digital music market. This study examines what change has been brought to music industry in both domestic market and global market by the usage of internet. The study also discusses some cases and legal issues in digital music industry.
[NRF 연계] 한국전략경영학회 전략경영연구 Vol.10 No.1 2007.06 pp.101-121
...music service company in Korea. This case describes the history of the BUGS Corporation and Korean online music industry in detail. This case contains various information for understanding and discussing competitive structure of Korean online music industry as well as strategic challenges faced by BUGS Corporation. This case also describes various strategic approaches of competitors in Korean online music industry with different business origins. Readers of this case may discuss evolving industry structure of online music industry and key success factors in this unique industry as well as the strategic options of BUGS Corporation.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 사례는 온라인 음악업체인 (주)벅스의 창업과 성장의 역사를 통하여 변화하는 음악산업의 구조와 온라인 음악산업의 경쟁에 대한 이해를 도모하고, 벅스가 현재 처해있는 전략적 이슈들에 대해 논의한다. 음악산업은 오프라인 중심에서 온라인 중심으로 산업구조가 변화하고 있으며 저작권 보호 강화로 인하여 온라인 무료음악시장이 온라인 유료음악시장으로 전환되면서 다양한 갈등이 나타나고 있다. 본 사례에서는 현재 온라인 무료음악시장 선두 기업인 벅스의 문제해결과정을 통하여 사업주도권을 상실하였던 기업이 어떻게 문제점을 극복하였는가를 살펴보고 향후 온라인 음악시장에서 성공하기 위한 전략적 이슈들을 모색한다.
BUGS Corporation is a major online music service company in Korea. This case describes the history of the BUGS Corporation and Korean online music industry in detail. This case contains various information for understanding and discussing competitive structure of Korean online music industry as well as strategic challenges faced by BUGS Corporation. This case also describes various strategic approaches of competitors in Korean online music industry with different business origins. Readers of this case may discuss evolving industry structure of online music industry and key success factors in this unique industry as well as the strategic options of BUGS Corporation.
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