Earticle

본고에서는 오사카의 이꾸노 한인축제의 정성적 분석을 통하여 민족적 정체성이 어떻게 구축되며, 커뮤니티 내외적 이해관계를 매개로 그 과정이 어떻게 형성되는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 여기서는 차이보다는 유사성을 고려함으로써 재조직되는 문화의 잠재성에 특히 주목하고 싶다. 이러한 역동적 상호관련은 특정한 사회논리와 정체성이 겨루어지는 속에 특유하며 비공식적인 공공권이 축제에 의해 제공된다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 이러한 광범위한 활무대는 특정의 배제와 포섭으로 특징지어진다. 이 연구는 축제를 통해 정체성이 구축되고 끊임없이 협의되는 미시적 수준의 복합적 정체화 과정을 드러낸다.

Through a qualitative analysis of the Ikuno Korean Festival in Osaka, this article examines and critiques how identities are constructed, and how this process is shaped by the mediation of intra and inter-community concerns. Particular attention is paid to the potential of reorganized culture through a thinking of similarity rather than difference. The dynamic interrelations suggest that festival provides a particular and informal public sphere wherein certain social logics and identities are contested. These discursive arenas are therefore marked by certain exclusions and inclusions. This study shows the complex process of identification at the micro-level through which identification is constituted and continuously negotiated.

The purpose of this study was to find out the push and pull factors of migrants from middle Asian countries to Yunhaju, Russia, and housing situations in settlements as well as housing intentions to behave. Four female Korye Saram in Cremobo settlement and Woojung village and 10 male and female elderly in ordinary residences were interviewed during April 22-25, 2003. Changes in national formal language from Russian to lout languages was played the most prominent push role, while availability of settlement and agricultural land and emotional attachment as the second hometown pulled them to migrate into Yunhaju. The housing situation in Cremobo settlement was very poor and almost settlers had already left. The rest settlers wanted to move into Woojung village. The resident in Woojung village hoped to get the formal contract to rent the dwelling and agricultural land. Family adaptations were progressed to solve the housing deficits among settlers both of Cremobo settlement and Woojung village. This research explored a part of the 140 years residential history of Korye Saram.

부모의 양육효능감은 부모신념체계를 구성하는 한 부분으로서 부모의 역할을 수행하는 자신의 능력과 기대에 대한 믿음을 의미한다. 이는 부모역할수행에 직접적으로 영향을 미치며, 부모양육과 여러 변수간에 매개역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 미국내 거주하는 202명의 한인 이민가정의 부모를 대상으로 한 본 연구결과에 의하면 부모의 양육효능감은 권위적/민주적 부모역할수행과 정적인 상관관계를 보이나 권위주의적 부모역할수행과는 유의미한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 또한 권위적/민주적 부모역할수행과 권위주의적 부모역할수행이 긍정적인 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이는 지금까지 서구사회의 부모를 대상으로 한 연구결과와는 다른 것으로, 자녀에 대한 권위적 통제나 감독이 한인부모에게는 부정적인 개념이 아님을 시사한다. 결론적으로, 미국 부모의 양육을 기준으로 미국내 한인 부모의 자녀양육행동을 이해하는 것은 문제가 될 수 있으며 한인 부모의 경우 한국 문화적 맥락과 미국사회의 가치 체계 및 영향을 함께 고려해야 한다고 여겨진다.

This study investigates the relationships between parental efficacy and parental practices among Korean immigrant parents in the US. Parental efficacy constitutes a special aspect of parental belief systems focusing on the beliefs that parents have the capabilities to manage the tasks of nurturing and socializing their children. Results showed that parental efficacy was positively related to the authoritative dimension of parental practices. However, there was no significant negative relationship between parental efficacy and the authoritarian dimension of parental practices. Interestingly, the authoritative and authoritarian dimensions of parental practices were highly correlated among Korean immigrant parents. This finding is in contrast to much of the research on Anglo American parenting that indicates that authoritarian practices are not compatible with authoritative practices. For Korean immigrant parents, authoritarian practices seem not to have detrimental connotation. Therefore, it can be assumed that Korean immigrant parents parental practices have different underlying mechanisms compared to Anglo American parents. We need to focus parenting research with a broader perspective on the sociological and historical context from which parental practices arise.

A layout planning of the rural village must consider regional, environmental and historical background, at the view of future-oriental. The study is Ryongsan-chon, that common the Korean rural village in China. It has a good environment for agriculture but lacking facilities for life. The layout plans that consider the characteristic of in-China, and Korean made out.

지난 20 여년간 미주 한인의 수는 급속도로 증가하였다. 하지만 이들의 건강에 관한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 기대여명(期待餘命), 연령별 사망률, 그리고 사망의 주요원인 등을 통한 본국 거주 한국인과 미주 한인의 건강 수준 비교를 그 목적으로 한다. 분석결과 전반적으로 미주 한인이 같은 연령의 한국인에 비해 기대여명은 더 높고, 연령별 사망률은 더 낮게 나타났다. 사망의 주요 원인에 관한 분석 결과, 미주 한인에게 있어서 신생물 (Neoplasms)로 인한 사망이 빈번하게 발견되었으나 소화기계 질환 (Diseases of the digestive system), 특히 간질환으로 인한 사망률은 동일연령의 본국 거주 한국인에 비해 크게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 두 인구 집단간 큰 차이를 보이는 신생물과 소화기계 질환에 대해 인구 사회 경제적 요소들을 통제하여 회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 신생물로 인한 사망 비율의 차이는 변함이 없었다. 결론적으로 미주 한인이 본국 거주 한국인에 비해 상대적으로 양호한 건강상태를 유지하고 있다고 볼 수 있고, 이는 미주 한인의 교육수준이 상대적으로 높고, 이민 후 보다 건강한 생활습관을 습득하기 때문이라고 여겨진다. 그러나 미주 한인의 경우 이질적인 문화와 언어 사용에 의한 정신적 스트레스와 소수민족이기 때문에 보건정책의 혜택에서 쉽게 소외된다는 사실 등을 고려할 때 본 연구 결과는 보다 지속적고 심도있는 연구의 필요성을 시사한다.

Even though the number of Korean Americans has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, there have been very few studies that have examined the health of this population. This paper investigates the contemporary health status of Korean Americans in comparison to Koreans, employing mortality related health measures: life expectance, age-specific death rates, and leading cause of death. Overall, we find that Korean American adults enjoy longer life expectancy and lower age-specific death rates than do their Korean counterparts, suggesting superior health status of the former as compared to the latter. Comparison of leading causes of death indicates that Korean American adults (age of 25-64) are more likely to die from neoplasms than are their Korean counterparts, while Koreans show a dramatically higher probability of death from liver-related diseases than Korean Americans. When these two cause of death are regressed on various demographic and socioeconomic factors, the difference in prevalence of neoplasms between the two populations disappeared, while that of liver-related diseases remains unaffected. Based on the outcomes from this research, we suggest that Korean Americans are a self-selected group in terms of health and socioeconomic status, and they adopt healthy behaviors after immigration. This has resulted in the relatively superior health of Korean Americans as compared to Koreans.

Differences in dietary intake of Korean Americans (KA) by the length of residence in the U.S. were studied in relation to health and disease patterns in Michigan. Of 1860 questionnaires mailed, 637 (34.3%) responded with demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported disease patterns, lifestyle, and dietary patterns (93-item FFQ developed for KA). Complete responses were available for 498 people (263 men,253 women, aged 30-87 yr), who were then divided into three groups based on the number of years lived in the U.S.: 15y, 16-25y, 26y. Age-adjusted weight, height, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were within the normal ranges and did not differ among the three groups. Chronic diseases frequently reported in men and women (age-adjusted) included hypertension (14.4%, 14.1%), digestive diseases (5.4%, 8.5%), diabetes (3.6%,4.9%), and arthritis(3.3%, 12.5%), respectively. The length of residence in the U.S. was inversely associated with the age-adjusted prevalence of digestive diseases (12.4%, 6.5%, 0.4% in men, 13.0%, 11.7%, 0% in women). The length of residence was positively associated with health consciousness, receiving regular health care, taking supplements regularly, and exercising, while inversely related to smoking. The majority favored American foods for breakfast and Korean foods for dinner. Foods frequently consumed included cooked rice (w/other grains). kimchi, coffee (w/cream and sugar),bread (white and dark), citrus juice, milk (low fat and skim), lettuce and cucumber, apple, seaweed, and soda. Intake frequency of the Korean starch food group was inversely associated with the length of residence for both men and women (p<0.001), but not with the American starch food group. Fat intake did not differ by the length of residence in the U.S. The dietary changes were associated with the length of residence and chronic disease patterns for the first generation of KA, which should be further examined 'for the subsequent generation of KA.

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of utilization of Korean traditional foods by Korean Americans residing in L.A. area and to provide come policies, to improve their attitudes for Korean traditional foods. The proper period preparing traditional foods was the occasion of family events(47.0% )and Korean festivals(40.8%). Festival foods were prepared in Sulnal( =New Year's Day), Chusok( =the Korean Thanksgiving Day), Daeborum( =the 15th of January by the lunar calendar), Dongji( =the winter solstice) and Tano( =the 5th day of the 5th by lunar month), respectively. Sixty five percent of all the respondents expressed their wish to hand down the cooking methods of traditional foods. However, only28.6% of the respondents at their twenties replied positively on this matter. To maintain and develop traditional foods abroad, it is necessary that older generations sometimes offer opportunities to meet with them to the coming korean generations to taste traditional foods and that Korean food companies establish special selling agencies abroad and export standardized traditional foods. And furthermore, if tourism corporations and cooking schools hold a food exhibition and or a food-tasting party, occasionally, in conjunction with the embassies and legations abroad, the utilization of traditional foods will increase.

This study was conducted to find out the desirable measures for maintenance and development traditional foods when abroad, by investigating the knowledge and actual state of utilization of Americans residing in the Los Angeles on Korean traditional foods. The 308 respondents of questionnaires were taken. 96% of the respondents demonstrated interest in traditional foods. Among kinds of traditional food, the most preferable food was boiled rice(71.4%) and Kimchi(70.9%) , The that traditional foods are used were good taste(45.4%) and familiar taste(41.6%). The reason for avoiding them was, mainly, troublesome cooking methods (46.3% ). Conclusively, the Korean Americans residing in the Los Angeles have made good use of boiled rice and Kimchi a staple common food, but special foods. ceremonial foods and festival foods were hardly used. To maintain Korean traditional foods when abroad, it is necessary that older generations sometimes offer opportunity to meet with them to the coming Korean generations, and Korean food companies develop and export standardized and simplified traditional foods.

This study investigated how acculturation varies with demographic variables and is related to dietary habits among Korean Americans. The respondents were 162 Korea Americans aged at least 18 years old residing in the Greater New York metropolitan area. The level of acculturation was measured using a modified Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation(SL-ASIA) scale. Acculturation was operationally defined to be composed of 6 factors, which are language, media use, friendship, food, pride, and ethnic self-identity. Each factor in the level of acculturation was identified by how it is related to demographics and dietary habits in the method of correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regressions analyses. The reliability of the modified SL-ASIA scale was high as measured by Cronbach alpha of .92. The level of acculturation was related to place of birth, age, length of residence in the U.S., and education. The younger, the longer they had lived in the U.S., and the more they were educated, the more acculturated. Acculturation could be predictable for 52% of its variance with all demographic variables. Among the 6 factors in the level of acculturation, five of them, language, media use friendship, food, and ethnic self-identity were correlated with dietary habit changes after immigration and type of meals. All 6 acculturation factors could predict 21% of change in dietary habits. the information from this study can be used to describe usual describe usual dietary habits according to various aspects of acculturation to better understand the dynamics among acculturation, demographics, and dietary habits.

본 연구는 미국 뉴욕, 휴스턴, 로스앤젤레스에 살고 있는 재미한인 212명을 대상으로 한국음식에 대한 견해, 한국음식을 세계화시키는 일에 대한 견해를 설문 조사한 것으로 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 성별은 남자가 32.1%, 여자가 67.9% 이며 연령은 40대 40.6%, 50대 이상 29.7%, 3대 26.4%, 20대 3.3%를 나타냈다. 학력은 대졸이상이 73.1%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였으며, 대상자의 69.8%가 직업을 갖고 있었고, 미국거주기간은 5년 이상부터 20년 이상까지 고르게 분포되어 있었다. 핵가족이 84.4%였고, 카톨릭이 49.5%,기독교가 43.4%를 나타냈다. 2. 재미한인들의 한국음식에 대한 관심도는 대상자의 약 71.09% 이상 관심을 가지고 있었고, 한국음식을 자랑스럽게 생각하는 이유는 영양이 풍부하고 기름기가 적으므로가 39.34%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 입맛에 맞으므로가 27.96%, 고유의 음식이므로가 27.01%로 각각 나타났다. 3. 한국음식의 세계화에 대한 재미한인들의 견해를 조사 분석한 결과 대상자의 약 72.65% 이상이 한국음식의 세계화에 대한 관심도가 있었고, 한국음식이 세계화가 되지 못한 이유로는 44.98%가 맛과 향이 강하여 외국인에게 맞지 않는다고 조사되었다. 그러므로 한국음식을 세계화시키는데 가장 필요한 요인은 55.66%가 세계인의 입맛에 맞는 맛의 개발과 보완으로 응답하였다. 또한 한국 음식의 세계화를 위한 개선점에서는 양념과 소스를 개발하고, 영양, 저장, 위생적인 면을 보완해야 된다는 문항에 각각 동일하게 35.12%로 나타났다. 4. 재미한인들의 한국음식에 대한 견해를 외국음식과 비교하여 알아본 결과 한국음식의 식품배합은 77.03%가 좋음 이상으로 응답하였고, 한국음식의 모양은 74.28%, 한국음식의 색은 66.98%가 좋음 이상으로 응답하였다. 5. 한인들의 견지에서 외국인이 선호하는 한국음식에 대한 조사에서 주식 류에서는 비빔밥, 떡만두국이 높은 점수를 나타내었고, 부식 류에서는 쇠 갈비찜, 불고기, 쇠갈비구이, 돼지고기구이, 빈대떡, 잡채, 배추김치, 백 김치 등이 높은 값을 보였다. 후식 류에서는 식혜, 수정과, 인삼차가 높은 값을 보여주었다. 본 연구 결과에서 볼 때, 재미한인들의 한국음식 세계화에 대한 견해가 미국거주기간에 따라 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지는 않았지만, 재미한인들은 한국음식에 대하여 높은 관심을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 한국음식을 세계화시키는 일에도 관심도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 기초자료로하여 외국인에게는 맛과 향이 다소 강하게 느껴질 수도 있는 한국음식을 그들의 입맛을 고려하여 인삼소스, 마늘소스, 생강소스, 배소스 등의 양념 소스 등을 개발하고 보완함으로서 세계인의 입맛에 맞는 음식으로 개발하기 위한 노력이 한층 필요하다고 사료된다.

This study surveyed the opinion of Korean residents in New York, Houston, and Los Angeles in the United States, on Korean food and the way to spread them internationally. The results were as follows: Over 71% of the respondents had interests on Korean food, and 39% of them answered the reason why they like Korean food is that it usually contains many important nutrients and little fat. Over 73% of the respondents were interested in spreading Korean food internationally, and 35% of them thought the sauces and the spices of the Korean food should be improved to be favored internationally. Foreigners'favorite Korean main dishes were Bibimbap and Ddunk-manduguk, favorite si de dishes were Bulgogi, Kalbigui, Chapchae, and Kimchi, and favorite desserts were Sikhe and Ginseng tea.

본 논문에서는 1860년대에서 1930년대까지 비농업직을 중심으로 하여 러시아 극동지역의 한인 이주민의 직업에 관하여 고찰한다. 먼저 이주민의 직업선택과 노동시장에서의 위치에 관한 이론들 즉 문화이론, 분절노동시종이론, 인적자본론 및 인종적 특수시장이론 등을 살펴보고 이들 이론이 러시아 극동지역 이주한인의 직업들 중 농업을 제외한 여러 가지 직종에 어떻게 적용되는지를 검토한다. 이러한 과정을 통해서 기존 이론들에서는 이주민의 직업에 관한 공급적 측면과 수요적 측면을 모두 분리하여 고찰하고 있다는 한계성을 지적한다. 이러한 한계성을 극복하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 러시아 극동지역 한인 이주민의 사례를 들어 이주민의 직업에 관한 두 가지 측면을 모두 통합해야 할 필요성을 설명하고 이를 위해 공급적·수요적 측면을 모두 고려할 수 있는 통합적 모델을 제시한 후 이러한 모델에 따라 러시아 극동지역 한인이주민의 직업에 영향을 키친 요인들을 광업, 어업, 자영업종, 서비스직종, 기타 단순 노무직 등으로 나누어 고찰한다. 마지막으로 이주의 통합적 모형에서 공급적 측면에 포함되는 것으로서는 한인의 농업중심적 성격, 이민직전의 조선에서의 사회경제적 모순 및 한인의 자급자족적 성격 등과 수요적 측면에서는 러시아의 이민정책과 러시아 극동의 다양한 지역적 상황이 고려되어야 함을 지적하였다.

The paper examines non-agricultural occupations of Korean immigrants in the Russian Far East from 1860s to 1930s. First of all, theoretical perspectives regarding immigrants\` job selection and positions in the labor market such as cultural theory, segmented labor market theory, human capital theory, and ethnic enclave theory were reviewed and then how these theories can be applied to various jobs of Korean immigrants including mining, fishing, small business, service, and miscellaneous jobs was studied. Next. this article points out that those theories cannot explain both supply and demand sides of migration simultaneously, suggesting the need to integrate two sides of migration. In order to fill out this gap in the literature, this paper suggests the integrative approach which combines supply side and demand side of migration. According to this model, several factors in the non-agricultural jabs which were affecting Korean immigration in the Russian Far East. were identified and discussed in relation with existing theoretical perspectives. Finally this paper concludes that, in order to understand Koran migration in the Russian Far East properly, we have to take into consideration simultaneously both supply-sided factors of immigration including farming-oriented characteristics of Koreans, Korean socio-economic problems preceding immigration, and self-dependent tendencies of Korean immigrants and demand-side factor like the Russian migration policy to the immigrants and various regional situations in the Russian Far East.

본 연구는 1991년 이후 급속히 종가하고 있는 뉴질랜드 한인 이민자들이 선택한 직업인 농업을 중심으로 어떻게 직업으로서 농업을 택하게 되었는지를 이해하고 적응해 나가는지를 분석한다. 전통적 농업사회였던 시기에 이민이 농업활동으로 이어진데 비해서 뉴질랜드의 이민은 동경하던 다양한 삶의 질의 추구에 그 바탕을 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 뉴질랜드의 농업환경의 재구조화와 관련 뉴질랜드의 농업을 간략히 살펴보고 한인들의 생업으로서 농업을 택한 것은 현지에서 경제활동을 모색하다가 가장 적합한 직업과 거주지를 동시에 고려한 결과 농업에 종사하게 되었다. 또한 그들의 직업이 농업 국가인 뉴질랜드의 농업환경과 밀접히 관련되고, 뉴질랜드인의 도시 근교 원예업을 중심으로 한 소규모 농장의 보급과 승계의 결과로 이해되어진다.

This study attempts to explore the relationships of Korean Immigrants with New Zealand agricultural environment, their choice of agricultural occupations and adjustments. New Zealand, based on agricultural products in its economy, was one of the richest countries during the 1950s and 1960s because of its dependency in market to United Kingdom Since 1971 when U.K joined the European Community, its economy was no more strong enough to support the living conditions in the 1950's and 1960's. Therefore, New Zealand Government initiated some programme to assist its farmers. Such supports resulted in severe financial problems of the country. Thus, reforms removing almost all support programmes has been proceeded after 1984. Though horticulture is still lower in New Zealand's exports of agricultural products, its growth has been remarkable. This was results due to the contribution of smallholdings, along with migration from city to urban fringe occurred during the 1970's and 1980's. In the 1900's it has been known that horticulture in the smallholding takes a hard works for old ages, who required further partitions their lands. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of Korean immigrants to New Zealand in the 1900's has been occurred, and this study shows one or two years periods in the search of job in case of Korean farmers. The most attractiveness in agriculture for them was that it provides simultaneously both jobs and housing. Korean farmers' land use succeeds previous owner's land use, and concentrates on green house agriculture cultivating mainly tomato and cucumber. The size of land is quite small and not comparable to New Zealand's average size, but a satisfactory levels are rather high and successful in evaluating themselves concerning current occupations, even though they have rarely experienced about agriculture before. Korean farmers attributes a high satisfaction to agricultural techniques learned from previous owners and a related support authority. The results of this study showed that Korean farmers has been absorbed into New Zealand economy rather than Korean economy. Finally, it has been pointed that the growth of Korean farmers and agriculture in New Zealand is the results of complex factors such as occupations, children's educational opportunity, and the access to the city.

This study investigated the food life of 271 Korean American hoursewives residing in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. The objectives of this survey were to describe the food life of Koreans and to identify any demographic factors related to the food life. Most of the respondents(80.4%) considered dinner as the most important meal of the day and 97.4% preferred Korean foods for their dinner. More than half percents (54%) preferred to go out to eat at Korean restaurants. While 14.4% of the respondents reported always buying Kimchee, 47.2% of the subjects reported making their own Kimchee regularly. Although several studies showed that the food life are likely to occur spontaneously and to change constantly, most of the Korean Americans in this study appeared conservative in their food life. This study is expected to provide a baseline for a culturally specific nutrition program that would recommend immigrants to practice positive food life and nutrition behaviors. A more study about the effects of immigration on dietary patterns and diseases as well as other nutritional status would be needed.

Researchers have rarely explored menopausal experience in the context of the totality of women's lives, subsequently making the picture of menopause incomplete, discrete and fragmented. Respecting the totality of women's lives, this study addressed how a vulnerable group of women-low income Korean immigrant women-experience menopause within a context of multiple transitions. This is a cross-sectional study using methodological triangulation. A sample of 119 first-generation Korean immigrant women aged 40 to 60 years, who were in low-income jobs, was recruited using convenience sampling methods. From the total sample, 21 peri-or post-menopausal women were recruited for in-depth interviews following the collection of the survey data. Questionnaires, short interviews, and in- depth interviews were used to collect data. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was used to interpret interview data. The findings indicate that menopause was given the lowest priority amidst women's multiple and demanding roles within a gendered multiple transitional (immigration, work and menopause) context. The lack of language clarity to describe women's experience, cultural background, inadequate knowledge, and lack of social supports made menopause hidden, invisible, and inaudible. Conclusions and implications for nursing practice are guided by the goal of understanding women's experiences and meanings of menopause and supporting women through reflecting these experiences into their health care.

본 연구는 뉴욕 뉴저지 주에 살고 있는 재미한인 주부들을 대상으로 하여 우리 나라 의례음식과 상차림에 대한 의식과 실행을 알아보아 미국생활에서의 한국전통음식문화를 얼마만큼 보전 계승하고 있는지 조사하였다. 1. 의례음식과 상차림의 중요성은 응답자의 57.9%가 중요하다고 생각했고, 의례음식과 상차림을 알게 된 경위는 49.8% 친정어머니, 24.7%가 시어머니한테 배웠다고 응답하였다. 2. 의례음식과 명절차례상차림에 대한 견해는 응답자의 78%가 간소화되어야 한다고 생각했으며 의례음식이 계승발전하기 위하여 중점을 두어야 할 교육은 50.6% 가정교육, 27.3% 대중홍보교육으로 가정교육을 가장 강조하였다 3. 재미 한인 주부들이 가장 잘 알고 있는 상차림은 생일상차림(66.8%), 돌상차림 (43.5%), 백일상차림 (42.4%), 설날과 추석의 차례상차림(52.8%)으로 나타났고, 장국상 차림(21.0%), 주안상차림(23.6%), 혼례시 폐백상차림 (21.4%), 제사상차림(29.2%)으로 나타났으며, 반상차림, 죽상차림, 교자상차림, 회갑상차림은 잘 아는 정도가 17% 미만이었다. 4. 자녀의 돌상차림에 관한 견해는 응답자의 60%가 평소보다 음식을 더 준비하여 가족과 함께 축하해 주었고, 38%는 전통적인 돌잡이 상을 차려 축하하였다. 자녀의 생일상차림은 응답자의 40%는 친구를 집으로 초대하여 생일 잔치해 주고, 37%는 간단하게 집에서 미역국 끓여먹고 선물해 준다고 하였다. 5. 어른들의 생신상차림은 49%가 친척 친지를 초대하여 식사를 대접하여 축하해 드리고, 38%는 집에서 가족끼리 축하해 드린다고 응답했으며, 부모님의 회갑상차림은 41.3%가 친척 친지와 연회장에서 축하해 드리고, 26.6%가 전통적인 큰상차림으로 친척 친지와 함께 가정에서 축하해 드린다하였다. 6. 결혼식의 폐백음식은 50.9%가 폐백을 준비해주는 집에 맡긴다고 하였고, 30.3%는 일부는 집에서 만들고 일부는 맡긴다고 했으며, 14%만이 전통적인 폐백음식을 집에서 준비한다고 하였다. 결혼식 때의 손님접대 음식 준비에 관한 견해는 66.4%는 연회장에서 대접한다, 29.9%는 집에서 음식을 준비하고 연회장에서 대접한다고 조사된 것으로 보아 결혼음식 준비방식이 상업화되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 7 제사상차림에 관한 견해는 40.2%가 전통적인 상차림으로 제사를 지내고 32.5%가 교회 식으로 지내며, 설날과 추석의 차례상차림에 관한 견해는 41.7%는 전통적인 상차림을 하고 31.7%는 조상 님들이 평소에 좋아하시던 음식을 간단하게 마련하여 지낸다고 했으며, 24.7%는 교회 식으로 지낸다고 응답한 것으로 보아 이들 음식은 집에서 전통적으로 차리는 주부가 많았음을 알 수 있었다. 재미한인 주부들의 우리 나라 의례음식과 상차림에 대한 중요성에 대한 인식은 비교적 높은 편이나 알고 있으며 행하는 정도는 몇몇 상차림을 제외하고는 많은 상차림에 대하여 낮았음을 볼 수 있었다. 집안의 여러 가지 풍속과 생활습관, 음식솜씨들을 친정어머니와 시어머니를 통하여 물려받는다는 것을 알 수 있었는데 이러한 맥락에서 다양한 문화와 함께 살고 있는 재미 2세들의 한국 전통음식문화의 계승은 어려움이 많으리라 사료된다. 주부 자신들의 전통음식에 대한 진정한 이해와 함께 우리음식의 뿌리를 내리고 외국음식과 조화를 이루어 나가도록 하는 적극적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. 그러므로 또한 재미한인 사회에서의 한국전통음식에 대한 홍보, 교육 강화와 함께 재미교포들 모두 관심

The knowledge on Korean traditional ceremony foods was evaluated from 271 Korean American housewives residing in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. A questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic background of the subject and their knowledge on ceremonial foods and table settings. Over half of the respondents considered table settings for ceremonial foods are important and most of them knew and learned Korean ceremonial foods from either their own mothers or mother-in-laws. About three-quarters responded that traditional table settings need to be simplified and half of them stated that family education is the best way of proceeding knowledge on ceremonial foods. Most of them have knowledge of table settings for a child's birthday, a baby's first birthday, a baby's hundredth day after birth, New Year's and full moon days. However, few respondents were knowledgable about other ceremonial foods. Practically, they are more likely to simplify the table setting for Korean traditional ceremonies, such as child's birthday, 60th birthday, wedding, and memorial days. The results of this study could be used to plan traditional cultural education programs for Korean immigrants in the U.S. so that they can make informed decisions in building cultural identities in the new environment.

재미한인과학기술자협회 신임회장 한홍택박사는 본지와의 대담을 통해 "앞으로 재미 2세 과학자들이 고국에 대한 관심을 많이 갖도록 하기 위해 그들을 위한 프로그램을 늘리고 8월 12일부터 열리는 한미종합학술대회에도 2세들이 많이 참여토록 했다"고 말했다. 한박사는 가볍고 강한 특성을 지닌 항공우주 구조물에 없어서는 안될 필수 복합소재의 설계와 제작에 관한 연구로 올해의 호암상 공로부문 대상을 받았다.