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文學史上將寓言分為4種: 先秦哲理寓言､ 兩漢勸戒寓言､ 唐宋諷刺寓言､ 元明淸詼諧寓言｡ 其中如西方文學的“Fable”一樣, 形成獨立的體裁而創作的時期是唐宋時期｡ 特別是到中唐與晚唐時期, 由一些文人借以寓言的形式來揭露了當時的社會病態, 而將屬於此類的寓言稱作“社會諷刺寓言”｡ 到宋代一面繼承了以前的風格, 一面又在表現方式上嘗試了種種新的變化, 於是對於寓言而言, 將唐宋時期稱為第2次中興期｡ 這樣的特徵可說是與兩代古文運動有關的｡ 雖然唐宋兩代所創作的寓言風格相當類似, 但是為了發展到元明淸的詼諧寓言, 表現或者結構上畢竟有變化且兼具發展的模樣｡ 於是應該以假傳體寓言與剪輯式寓言為中心考察唐宋兩代之間所發生的變化､ 與前後時期的聯繫｡ 本稿要關注的重點如下: 1｡ 在同一的題材與母題(motif)上嘗試形象的變化　2｡ 從為公用的寫作轉向個人的寫作 3｡ 追求形式美與詼諧性｡ 唐宋兩代的寓言既繼承了先秦哲理寓言與漢代勸誡寓言, 又加強了諷刺性而影響到了後代的詼諧寓言｡ 如果說由韓愈與柳宗元來中興了唐代諷刺寓言, 宋代寓言可以說從有些北宋初期的文人到蘇軾成熟發展, 直至完整了形式而且加強了詼諧性｡ 唐代寓言的創作與“傳奇小說”的創作有了互相作用, 這一點不可忽視, 但還有待考察研究｡

본고는 18세기 문인들이 추구했던 고문작법의 실체를 규명해 보기 위해서 삽교예학록에 나타난 다양한 층위의 산문비평을 분석하고 그것이 지니는 의미를 고찰하였다. 『삽교예학록』은 삽교가 고문작법을 탐구하기 위해서 전범적 고문을 대상으로 그곳에 내재된 편장자구의 운용원리를 분석·비평한 문장학습서이다. 그의 말에 따르면 글이 짜임새를 갖추기 위해서는 편장의 구성이 一貫性과 連繫性, 그리고 嚴整性을 지니고 있어야 한다고 했다. 작품의 서두에 강령과 맥락을 배치하여 향후 전개되는 편장의 외재적·내재적 구조를 제어하는 한편, 각 편장들이 상호 긴밀한 관계를 유지한 채 유기적으로 조직되어서 논지를 효과적으로 전달해야 하며, 자구의 간결한 운용을 위해서 엄정한 편장의 구성이 요구되는 것이다. 이러한 그의 비평은 18세기 문인들의 고문작법에 관한 인식의 일단은 물론이거니와 구체적 이론과 실천방향을 확인할 수 있다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다.

This essay analyzed various aspects of criticism on prose brought out 『Sabkyoyeohaklok』 and contemplated the meanings it has, to unveil the way to write ancient writings which writers sought for in the 18th century. 『Sabkyoyeohaklok』 is a study book that, for investigating how to write ancient writings, Sabkyo analyzed and criticized the usage of a volume, chapter, letter and phrase with precedent ancient-writings. He said that the organization of a volume or a chapter should look coherent, probable, solemn, and even for the well-done writings. What puts 'Kangyoung' or 'Maengnak' in front of writings, controls external or internal construction of the following volume and chapter, keeping the close relationship mutually between each of them, they are written organically, so the point of writings can be carried successfully, severe structure of them is needed to use a letter or phrase simply. His criticism as above has an important sense that, though it, we can make certain a tangible theory and the direction of practice in writing ancient writings as well as a fragment of writers' knowledge on how to write ancient writings in the 18th century.

As a typical case of political essays in 1910s, Jiayin style undertook the new functions of classical Chinese prose, when the media of literature was changing. It showed the flexibility of the classical Chinese with the Europeanizing on the composition and the grammar of this written language. In spite of different positions, Jiayin style had many deep historical relations with the new literature. Because of pursuits of the logicality of written style and the Chinese grammar system, both of them used the same models and tactics of knowledge production, and both of them faced the same dilemma. The Grammar, as an example of western knowledge system, was lead into the context of late-Qing culture. This fact shows that the western knowledge how to arouse the inner vigor of knowledge forms of ancient China, and how to give the new knowledge system a great push forward.

This article is to observe the developing phases of the Antiquated Style movement of Han Yu(韓愈) of Tang dynasty and the Pure and Right Style movement(文體醇正) of King Jeongjo(正祖) of Choseon, and to investigate the meanings contained in each stylistics from the aspects of 'carrying Tao by writing(文以載道)' and 'congruence of Tao and writing(道文一致). Looking ate Jeongjo and Han Yu through 'carrying Tao by writing(文以載道)' and 'congruence of Tao and writing(道文一致), Han Yu aimed at realization of Tao of early Confucianism, and Jeongjo focused on the reign based on the idea of Sung(宋) Confucianism. On the development of literature, the two literary movements which are arisen by inevitable trends, are not only limited in style reforming movement, but also included thoughts characteristics. With the Antiquated Style Movement, Han Yu attempted to reform the framed style(騈文) which was aesthetic technic at the time of Wei(魏) and Jin(晉), to abolish the abuses of Buddhism and Taoism, to recover the old Tao and to succeed to lineage of Confucianism. Jeongjo performed the Pure and Right Style movement for correction of vices arisen from the literatures between later Ming(明) and early Ching(淸), the literatures based on folk stories, the bibliographical study, the doctrines of Wang Yang-Ming(王陽明), the western studies, etc., and tried to realize stylistic of Sung Confucian congruence of Tao and writing, and to establish the base of reign. The returning to 'the antiquated style(古文)' which began with recognition on new style, was not only opposing the aesthetic technic or form of framed style. It was a reformation of new style asserting carrying Tao by writing with acceptance of old one. Han Yu asserted the recovery of confucian old Tao by the antiquated style, and the usage of contemporary writing by the comprehension of old Tao without attachment on sentence and phrase. It can be said as the state of 'catching fish and forgetting weir(得魚忘筌)'. Han Yu's such antiquated style movement was satisfied with the trend of the time and influenced to later. Writers of later Choseon had a desire of individual and liberal style. Some of them wrote individually and put importance on secret of nature. And some of them asserted that writings had to express the contemporary things and events in the language of the time, because, influenced with the emergence of modern thinking, they considered Tao and writing separately and thought change of Tao in accordance with flow of time. Sung Confucian writing style was declined by especially, the change of style for civil service examination, and the attitude of adoration on Chinese products and culture which was prevalent among noble. Therefore, King Jeongjo advocated the policy of the Pure and Right Style movement, and asserted the recovery old Tao by the carrying Tao by writing. He attempted to recover Sung Confucian writing style with the Pure and Right Style movement, and to strengthen sovereign power by reflecting it on reign. He accomplished the movement in certain level at politic. However, regretably, he could not lead the contemporary writing trend to the pure and right antiquated style, and develop as literature movement corresponding with the time.

이 글은 고려 무신정권기에 활동하였던 竹林高會와 그 주변인물들 사이의 네트워크를 통해 古文이라는 문학적 지향성을 어떻게 공유하였는가? 그리고 그 이후 사상적 변화의 가능성을 확인함으로써 성리학 수용 직전 문인 및 유학자들 사이의 사상지형을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 이들이 정치권력을 멀리 하였다는 기존의 통설과 달리 권력지향성을 지녔으며, 고문론에서도 이들은 동일한 관점과 지향성을 지닌 것은 아니라는 것을 확인함으로써 내부적으로 다양한 관점이 있었다는 것을 살펴보고자 하였다. 네트워크로는 죽림고회 중심의 네트워크와 이후에 형성될 이규보 중심의 네트워크로 나눌 수 있으며, 이는 네트워크에 따라 문학적 지향성에 차이가 발생하고 있었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 죽림고회 인물들은 고문을 지향하였음에도 불구하고 사륙변려체에서 많이 벗어나지 못하고 있었다. 이에 죽림고회에 잠시 참여한 경험이 있던 이규보가 죽림고회가 죽림칠현을 지향하였던 점을 비판한 것은 무신정권기에 사상적 분화의 가능성이 있었다는 증거라고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 이것은 무신집권기 문인들이 고문론을 의식적으로 공유하면서도 성리학 수용 직전 사상적 변화와 발전까지 담보하였다는 중요한 의미가 있다.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the topography of thoughts of literary men and Confucian scholars right before accepting the Neo-Confucianism, by verifying how the literary orientation such as classical prose was shared through networks of Jungrimgohoe and its surrounding people in the military ruling period of the Goryeo Dynasty, and also verifying the possibility of ideological changes afterwards. Especially, this thesis aimed to examine that there were internally diverse perspectives, by verifying that they were power- oriented contrary to the common theory saying that they kept away from political power, and also verifying that they did not have the same perspective or orientation in the theory of classical prose. The networks could be divided into the network focusing on Jungrimgohoe and the network focusing on Lee Gyubo that would be formed later, which showed that there were differences of literary orientation depending on network. Even though the figures of Jungrimgohoe aimed for the classical prose, they could not much get out of Saryukbyeonryeoche. Thus, the fact that Lee Gyubo who participated in Jungrimgohoe for a moment criticized that Jungrimgohoe aimed for Jungrimchilhyen, could be an evidence showing the possibility of ideological division in the military ruling period. Therefore, this is significant that the literary men in the military ruling period consciously shared the theory of classical prose and also guaranteed the ideological change and development right before accepting the Neo-Confucianism.

17세기 초 조선에서는 先秦兩漢의 문장을 모범으로 하는 擬古文에 대한 관심이 증가하면서, 『春秋左傳』에 대한 문학적 논의가 크게 증가했다. 崔鳴吉, 張維 등 당대 의고문에 관심을 가진 작가들 뿐 아니라, 의고문에 비판적이었던 李植조차도 『좌전』을 문학 학습의 수단으로 보는 등, 『좌전』의 문학적 제고는 문학관과 당파를 초월한 시대정신이었다. 특히 『좌전』을 外書로 지칭한 최명길의 시각은 후대의 春秋大義에 입각한 『좌전』 이해와는 크게 달랐다. 17세기 초의 문학적 분위기는 서적 편찬에도 영향을 주었다. 官學의 입장에서 주석을 집대성하고자 한 조선 전기 좌전학, 춘추대의의 강화를 위해 朱熹의 『춘추』 주석을 집대성하고 『通鑑綱目』의 綱目體를 모방하고자 한 조선 후기 좌전학과 달리, 17세기 초에는 순수 古文 선집으로서의 『좌전』 관련 서적이 편찬되었다.

In the early 17th century Chos?n, interest in pseudoclassical writing- which modeled pre-Qin and Han period works-had increased. Zuozhuan was recognized as a literary model accordingly. This acknowledgment was a zeitgeist that spread beyond political factions and literary circles. Not only Ch'oe My?ngkil and Chang Yu-who had a positive opinion on pseudoclassicism-but also Yi Sik-who opposed pseudoclassical movement- considered Zuozhuan as a literature textbook. Especially, Ch'oe considered Zuozhuan as "an auxiliary text." This opinion is completely different from an orthodox understanding based on the ideology of "the great cause in Chunqiu" in late Chos?n. The zeitgeist greatly affected publications in the Chos?n era. Early 17th century anthologies-Yu Mongin's Taega Munhoe for example-included Zuozhuan as important classical literature. This brief change is noticeable between the early Chos?n compilations of annotations for the official study and the late Chos?n adaptations of Zhu Xi's Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu and reconstructions of his Zuozhuan scholarship in attempts to emphasize "the great cause."

This paper analyzed the persuasive strategies that appeared in the papers of the ‘Sangseolue(상서류)’, and searched for ways to use them in speech and writing education. The persuasion strategies revealed in the papers can be divided into two major categories. First, a paradox that strongly appeals to his argument and a supplementary note to support it is the harmonized strategies that make effective use of sentences that are aimed at the superiors Second, it is a strategy that focuses on the admonition. In the admonition, there is the emotion in the relation of appealing to the affection and appealing to the opponent, and the content that the opponent can sympathize with, that can be revealed the strategy of the self-admiration. The persuasion strategies of these documents can broaden the scope of examples of Korean language education related to the persuasion which is mainly used for speech and advertisement. In addition, the short paradox and long expressive persuasion expression method can be utilized as a constitutional component of the contents composition which uses the perfect control in the expression education of persuasion. In addition, specific praise and humility are highly valuable as persuasive education contents that lead to empathy and gain empathy with respect to the credibility of speaker by appropriately using emotional persuasion strategy. In other words, the papers provide guidelines for persuasive speech and writing education based on the "relationship" between the speaker and the listener, which should ultimately be pursued in education.

據調査, 韓國所藏中國本唐宋八大家文選集如下10種: 《唐宋八大家文抄》, 《唐宋八大家文懸》, 《唐宋十大家全集錄》, 《唐宋八大家集選》, 《唐宋八家文讀本》, 《批點唐宋八家文抄》, 《唐宋八大家類選》, 《評註唐宋八家古文》, 《唐宋八家文約選》, 正誼堂刻本《唐宋八大家文鈔》. 其中《唐宋八大家文抄》與《唐宋八家文讀本》數量更多. 韓國所藏朝鮮本唐宋八大家文選集如下2種: 《唐宋八大家文抄》, 《唐宋八子百選》. 《唐宋八大家文抄》還有顯宗實錄字本, 戊申字本和戊申字覆刻本. 《唐宋八子百選》是朝鮮正祖親自編定的官本. 這些韓國所藏中國本唐宋八大家文選集顯示著唐宋八大家古文盛行在兩國的情況.

양 계업을 하다보면 유통상인들과의 마찰이나, 주민들의 민원문제, 거래처 또는 회사와의 계약문제 등 크고 작은 마찰이 종종 발생하기도 한다. 이러한 경우 농가들은 법률자문이나 상담을 받기가 쉽지 않은데다가 그 방법도 잘 모르는 경우가 대부분이다. 하지만, 이제는 이러한 고민이 생겼을 때 쉽게 자문을 받을 수 있게 됐다. 지난 2월 25일 있었던 2010년도 정기총회에서 본회 고문변호사로 위촉된 정무식 변호사(법무법인 원)를 만나 농가들이 겪을 수 있는 법률문제에 대해 쉽게 상담할 수 있는 방법을 들어보았다.

김여환 고문은 우리나라 물류산업발전을 위해 헌신적인 노력을 하였으며, 1962년 공채 1기로 대한통운(주)에 입사하여 사원에서 대표이사 사장에 이르기 까지 40여 년간 오직 물류 외길 인생을 걸어 왔다. 1997년 제2대 한국물류협회 회장에 취임하여 기업중심의 협회운영을 주도하여 협회 위상을 재정립하였다. 그 결과 협회는 사업의 다각화를 통한 재정 자립을 위한 기반이 조성되었다. 그는 현재 다양한 봉사활동을 통해 겸허의 미덕을 몸소 실천하고 인생의 참의미를 되새기고 있다.