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Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the current and prospective status of nursing in Korea and develop a strategic framework and plan to accommodate the increased demands on nurses in the changing health-care system. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach including a literature review, an online survey with health-care consumers, expert panel interviews, and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to develop the strategic plans and framework. Results: The vision of the strategic framework involved improving health and quality of life, and its mission was to elevate the status of Korea's nursing sector as a key health-care profession through highquality and innovative nursing education, research, and practice. The five values in accordance with the mission and vision were innovation, creation, collaboration, excellence, and authenticity. Three strategic goals, namely, education, research, and practice, were identified, and 31 related strategic tasks were developed. Conclusion: In response to the rising social demand for a paradigm shift in nursing care services, there is a need for advancements in nursing education, research, and practice in Korea. This study provide some recommendations to achieve these aims.

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라의 중․고등학생 청소년들을 대상으로 스트레스 관리 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 선행연구 고찰, 현장전문가 및 청소년 대상 포커스그룹 인터뷰, 프로그램 현장요구조사를 실시하고 프로그램 구성요소를 추출하여 프로그램을 구성하였다. 프로그램은 중․고등학교의 실정에 맞추어 각 회기별 45분에서 50분씩, 총 6회기로 구성되었다. 연구 대상은 중․고등학생 65명이며, 실험집단(중 20명, 고 12명)과 통제집단(중20명, 고13명)으로 구분되었다. 본 프로그램이 청소년의 스트레스 대처방식과 자기효능감, 자아존중감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 공변량분석을 하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 프로그램을 통하여 청소년들의 스트레스 대처유형 중 적극적 대처유형에 속하는 문제중심 대처와 사회적지지 추구가 유의하게 향상되었다. 둘째, 프로그램에 참여한 청소년들의 자기효능감을 유의하게 향상시키는데 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 프로그램 참여 청소년들의 자아존중감이 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 향상되었다. 끝으로 프로그램의 내용 및 효과성 검증 결과에 대한 시사점과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 중심으로 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is twofold: to develop a stress management program for middle and high school students, and to examine it’s effectiveness. To develop a program, we reviewed previous research studies, conducted focus group interviews with youth and experts in the field, and performed needs assessments. The program consisted of six sessions. Each session lasted from 45 minutes to 50 minutes depending on the situation in participating schools. The subjects were 65 middle and high school students. The experimental group consisted of 20 middle school students and 12 high school students. The control group consisted of 20 middle school students and 13 high school students. The covariance analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the program on students’ stress coping style, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The results of this study were as follows. First, problem-centered coping and social support seeking belonging to the active coping type among the types of stress coping were significantly improved in students in the experimental group. Second, self-efficacy among the participants in the experimental group was significantly improved as compared to those in the control group. Third, self-esteem was significantly improved among the students in the experimental group implications suggestions for future research were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생 대상의 자살예방 및 생명존중 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 선행연구 고찰, 현장 전문가 및 청소년 대상의 포커스그룹인터뷰, 현장 실무자 대상의 요구조사를 실시한 후 구성요소를 추출하여 프로그램을 구성하였다. 프로그램은 초등학생의 실정에 맞추어 각 회기별 40분씩, 총 2회기로 구성되었다. 효과성 검증을 위한 연구대상은 초등학교 5, 6학년 78명이었으며 실험집단과 통제집단(각 39명)으로 구분되었다. 본 프로그램이 초등학생의 생명존중의식과 스트레스 대처행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 독립표본 및 대응표본 t- 검증을 실시하여 효과성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 프로그램을 통하여 초등학생들의생명존중의식이 향상되었다. 둘째, 죽고 싶을 만큼 힘들거나 어려운 스트레스상황에서사회지지추구적 대처행동의 변화에 유의한 효과를 보였다. 끝으로 프로그램의 내용 및효과성 검증 결과를 중심으로 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is twofold: to develop a suicide prevention program for 5th and 6th grade elementary school students, and to examine program effectiveness. To develop a program, we conducted literature reviews, focus group interviews with elementary school students as well as experts in the field, and needs assessments. The program consisted of two sessions, each of 40 minutes depending on the situation in participating schools. The subjects were 78 elementary school students. Both experimental and the control groups were composed of 39 students each. For the data analysis independent sample and paired sample t-test were conducted. The results of this study were as follows. First, the degree of respect for life was significantly improved in the participants in the experimental group. Second, social support, a subfactor of stress of copping behavior was also significantly improved in the individuals in the experimental group. Implications and suggestions for future research were addressed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement properties of self-report questionnaires measuring the social adjustment for youth after treatment of childhood cancer. Methods: Social adjustment measurement tools were identified through a two-stage systematic review. First, we searched for articles using self-report questionnaires to measure the social adjustment of youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The appropriate tools were listed and categorized. Second, using methodological filters, we searched 5 electronic databases for articles examining the measurement properties of the tools when used with youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The quality of these papers was then evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Results: Eight tools were frequently used to measure social adjustment. Eight studies investigated the measurement properties of 4 of these tools. The PedsQL 4.0 and MMQL-AF had moderate to strong evidence in some domains, but the rest of the domains had a lack of evidence. The SF-36 and KIDSCREEN-27 were validated for only a few areas. Conclusion: We found a lack of evidence regarding the measurement properties of these tools. More research is required on the measurement properties of tools for use in this population.

Purpose: It is critical that evidence from research is applied to everyday nursing practice to improve the quality of care and health outcomes. Aims of this study were to review high-risk infant related studies published in major nursing and non-nursing journals in Korea and to assess the quality of intervention studies. Methods: Through the Korean literature search engine of RISS.KR the authors identified 132 studies, and two researchers evaluated each of these studies using the analysis criteria. The quality of intervention studies was assessed using the van Tulder Scale. Results: Among the studies, 40.2% were either thesis or dissertation and 86.4% were quantitative studies. Convenience sampling was the most commonly used sampling method. All experimental studies were quasi-experiment except one pre-experiment study. Sensory stimulation and kangaroo care were the most common interventions for high-risk infants. Over half of the intervention studies were assessed to be “low risk of bias” but both randomization and blinding processes were not adequately satisfied in most of the studies. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that high-risk infants are more likely to be recruited for experimental studies but types of interventions were very limited. To provide evidence-based care for high-risk infants, rigorously conducted experimental studies should be encouraged.

본 연구는 장기적 종단적 연구를 통해, 청소년의 공격성과 비행의 변화를 살펴보고 공격성의 변화가 비행의 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 공격성의 유형과 비행의 성별에 따른 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중학교 2학년 2,280명과 고등학교 1학년 2,108명을 대상으로 각 학년의 공격성이 비행에 미치는 영향에 대하여 성별과 교급을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 공격성의 경우 중학교 2학년 보다 고등학교 1학년의 공격성향이 낮게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 공격성과 비행 간의 관계를 살펴보면 공격성은 비행에 정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 중학교 시절 높은 공격 성향을 보인 경우 고등학교 시절 비행의 양이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 종단 연구로서 중학교 2학년이 고등학교 1학년이 되었을 때 공격성의 변화량이 증가할수록 비행의 변화량 역시 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 성별의 경우 중학교 2학년과 고등학교 1학년 모두 남학생보다 여학생이 높은 공격성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점이 논의되었다.

Through longitudinal approach, this study aims to investigate the transition of aggression and juvenile delinquent behavior during teenage years and the effect of aggression on juvenile delinquency. Particularly, forms of aggression and gender difference are investigated. 2,280 8th grade students and 2,108 10th grade students participated in this study. The result showed, in terms of aggression, 10th grade students have lower aggressive tendencies compared to the 8th grade students. Correlation between aggression and Juvenile delinquency showed that not only aggression has positive effect on delinquency, but also middle school students with higher aggressive tendencies tend to show higher level of delinquent behavior as they proceed to high school education. We have found that there was a positive correlation between the two domains; as the level of aggression rises, so does the frequency of delinquent behavior. In terms of gender, female students have higher aggressive tendencies compared to male students regardless of the grade level difference. The limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Purpose: Child Health nurse practitioners (CHNPs) in Korea have important roles in disease management and health promotion for children and adolescents. Yet, practices of CHNPs licensed and employed in hospitals have not been adequately identified. Thus, in this study the scope of practice by CHNPs and job satisfaction and stress were investigated and compared according to the CHNPs’ position in the working place. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. All 53 licensed CHNPs participated in the mail survey which included a 71-item questionnaire on job performance and job satisfaction and a job contents questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, x2 test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare CHNPs employed as nurse practitioner (NP) and CHNPs employed as staff nurses. Results: Compared to CHNPs employed as staff nurses, CHNPs employed as NPs more frequently provided education, environment management, coordination and research in their practice areas. No significant difference was found in job satisfaction between the two groups except for the administration and income subdomains. Only the physical exertion subdomain in job stress was stressful to CHNP employed as staff nurse. Conclusions: Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas.

목적 본 연구는 사회인지진로이론에 입각하여 우리나라 고등학생의 정신건강 및 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법 본 연구는 2013년 11월 18일부터 29일까지, S시에 소재한 인문계 고등학교 재학생 384명(남자 186명, 여자 198명)을 대상으로 한 서술적조사연구이다. 연구도구는 개인 ∙ 배경 변인, 진로 관련 변인(진로장벽,학습경험, 자기효능감, 결과기대, 진로미결정), 정신건강 및 문제행동에관한 자기기입식 설문지였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을활용하여 기술통계, 상관관계 및 다중 회귀분석을 하였다. 결과 다중 회귀분석 결과, 개인적 변인으로 스트레스 인지(t=5.12, p <.001)와 평상시 건강상태(t=-4.08, p <.001), 배경적 변인으로 학업성적(t=5.46, p <.001), 진로 관련 변인에서 진로장벽(t=10.57, p <.001)이 정신건강 및 문제행동에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 결론 고등학생의 정신건강 및 문제행동의 영향요인으로 개인 ∙ 배경 변인과 함께 진로장벽을 확인하였다. 특히, 진로결정은 발달과정 동안 지속적으로 영향을 받으므로 진로를 선택하는 청소년 후기에 이를 고려한예방적, 중재적 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 청소년의 정신건강 및 문제행동 수준을 개선하기 위한 중재 개발과 학교보건 및 실무에의 적용에 기초자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors affecting mental health and behavioral problems among high school students throughthe lens of a Social Cognitive Career Theory. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with 384 high school students in Seoul, Korea. Aself-administrative questionnaire was used. It consisted of items on person ? background variables, career-related variables including career barriers,learning experiences, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and career indecision, and mental health and behavioral problems. Descriptivestatistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results showed thatperceived stress (t=5.12, p<.001), perceived health status (t=-4.08, p=.002), and school record (t=5.46, p<.001) were statistically significantvariables. Also, career barriers (t=10.57, p<.001) was a significant factor influencing mental health and behavioral problems. Conclusion:These findings indicate that among career-related variables, career barrier needs to be considered for preventive and therapeutic approach tomental health and behavioral problems in adolescents. Furthermore, the results suggest that career-related stress level should be assessed in highschool students on a regular basis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a devised posture management program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. It involved a nonequivalent comparison group design with pretest and posttest. Forty-four female adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis participated; data from 35 participants (20 for the test group, 15 for the control group) were used for the final analyses. The devised posture management program ran for 6 weeks. Posture management behavioral determinants (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) as cognitive outcomes and muscular strength and flexibility as physical outcomes were measured three times: at baseline, week 6 and week 8. Cobb’s angle as another physical outcome was measured twice: at baseline and week 8. Descriptive analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance and t test were used for data analyses. Results: Attitude, perceived control, and behavioral intention were consistently enhanced by the posture management program. The intervention increased flexibility and muscular strength and decreased Cobb’s angle, which reduced spinal curvature. Frequency of posture management exercise showed a gradual increase in the test group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the posture management program is effective in maintaining posture management behavior in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis for both cognitive and physical outcomes. The posture management program should be helpful in expanding the role of school nurses in improving the health status of adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the relationship of parents' stress, coping, and partnership between nurse and parents whose children were hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods:A descriptive correlation study design was used. The participants were 81 parents whose children were hospitalized at S-hospital located in Seoul from October 18 to November 27, 2012. This study used the 'Parental Stress Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,' the coping scale, and 'Pediatric Nurse Parents Partnership Scale, PNPPS'. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation. Results: The parents of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit were experiencing high level of stress (3.22±0.82). There was a significant positive correlation between parents' coping and nurse parents partnership (p<.001),however there was no relationship between parents' stress and coping, and parents' stress and nurse parents partnership. Conclusion: Nurse-parents partnership had significant relationship with parents’ coping In the care of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit. The results of this study provided a foundation to recognize importance of nurse parents partnership and to develop intervention program for nurses and parents to improve their partnership.

목적 본 연구의 목적은 소아암 치료 종료 아동의 사회적응 정도를 알아보고 사회적응 관련 요인들의 상관관계를 비교한 후 아동의 사회적응에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 방법 서울시내 S대학병원에서 10-19세의 소아암 치료 종료 아동 79명과그의 부모 79명을 대상으로 자료수집을 시행하였다. 아동의 사회적응은 Koo와 Choi (1998)의 사회적 역량 척도를 이용하여 측정하였고, 사회적응 관련 요인은 신체기능, 우울, 자아존중감, 대처전략으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18 program을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA,Pearson correlation, Regression으로 분석하였다. 결과 소아암 치료 종료 아동의 사회적응은 평균 83.5점으로 중간 이상의수준을 나타내었으며 가족과의 대화시간, 학교생활의 즐거움, 친구관계 만족도에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신체기능, 적극적 대처전략, 자아존중감과 유의한 정적 상관을 보이고 우울, 공격적대처전략과는 유의한 부적 상관을 보였다. 사회적응에 영향을 미치는요인을 파악하기 위해 회귀분석한 결과 아동의 신체기능이 사회적응에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 가족과 친구를 포함한 소아암 치료 종료 아동의 사회적응 증진 프로그램이 필요하며, 이러한 프로그램은 아동의 신체 ∙ 정서적 측면이모두 고려되어야 하고 효과적인 대처전략의 사용과 자아존중감을 증진시킬 수 있도록 구성되어야 할 것이다.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors and to identify factors affecting social adjustment. Methods: Data were collected from 79 childhood cancer survivors and his/her parents. The survey consisted of questions related to characteristics, physical functioning, depression, self-esteem and coping strategies. The Social Competence Inventory was used to measure social adjustment in the children. Results: The level of social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors was 83.5 out of a possible 155. Physical functioning, depression, self-esteem, and aggressive or proactive coping strategies were associated with social adjustment. Only physical functioning independently affected social adjustment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there are several factors influencing social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors, and therefore there is a need for programs that deal with all aspects of children’s physical as well as emotional health in order to enhance their social adjustment.

본 연구는 특발성 척추측만증 청소년과 정상 청소년의 자세습관과 신체상 및 또래관계를 조사하여 특발성 척추측만증 청소년의 신체·심리·사회적 특성을 확인하고자 실시하였다. 특발성 척추측만증 청소년과 정상 청소년의 자세습관에서 편향된 상·하지의 사용과 앉을 때 올바르지 않은 등의 자세에서 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 신체상은 정상 청소년에 비해 특발성 척추측만증 청소년이 유의하게 낮았으나, 또래관계는 두 군 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신체상과 또래관계는 특발성 척추측만증 청소년 군에서만 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로 특발성 척추측만증 청소년의 척추건강을 위한 중재계획 시 관리를 요하는 자세습관을 확인할 수 있었고, 특발성 척추측만증을 진단받은 청소년의 신체상 저하가 또래관계에 장애를 초래할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 특발성 척추측만증 청소년의 신체·심리·사회적 특성을 바탕으로 청소년의 일차 건강관리자로서의 학교 보건간호사가 효율적으로 접근할 수 있는 중재프로그램을 개발하는 데 중요하게 다루어야 하는 특성을 확인하였다는 데 연구의 의의가 있다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the postural habits, body image, and peer attachment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy adolescents, and to examine the correlation between body image and peer attachment in each group. Methods: Eighty-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 83 healthy adolescents were recruited from 4 middle schools located in W city. Data were collected from November 22 to December 6 2010 using a structured questionnaire including items about postural habits, body image, and peer attachment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, independent t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: Compared to healthy adolescents, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were more likely to use one hand, to lean back while seated, and to put weight on one leg while standing. The score for body image was significantly lower for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to healthy adolescents, but peer attachment was not significantly different between the two groups. Body image was significantly correlated with peer attachment only for the adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Conclusion: Interventions to promote balanced postural habits in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are needed. Information on body image and peer attachment for these adolescents should also be considered when developing interventions.

본 연구는 선천성 심장병인 Fallot 4징 진단을 받은 아동이 인지한 어머니의 양육태도와 아동의 자아존중감, 학교생활 적응과의 관계를 파악하고, 아동의 학교생활 적응과 자아존중감 증진 프로그램이나 부모 양육 프로그램을 개발할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 어머니의 양육태도를 긍정적으로 인지한 아동일수록 자아존중감이 높았고, 자아존중감이 높은 아동일수록 학교생활에 잘 적응하는 것으로 나타났다.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of mothers’ parenting attitude as perceived by the child to self-esteem, and school adjustment of school age children with Tetrology of Fallot (TOF). Methods: In this study a self-administered questionnaire survey was used to collect the data. The participants included 38 children who were registered in a pediatric cardiology clinic in one tertiary medical center. Their ages were between 11 and 15 years. They were diagnosed with TOF, and had no other congenital problems. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2009. After obtaining telephone consent from the mothers and children, questionnaires were mailed to 64 participants and 38 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) WIN 15.0 version. Results: There was a significant correlation between perceived parenting attitude, self-esteem, and school adjustment of children with TOF. Conclusion:Children who perceive their mothers’ parenting attitude to be more positive also report higher self-esteem and better school adjustment. These findings are similar to other studies done with healthy school age children. However, parents of children with TOF may require different parenting approaches to foster positive self-esteem and school adjustment.

Purpose (a) To examine geographical distribution of childhood allergic diseases in Korea and (b) to identify geographical and sociodemographic risk factors for allergic diseases. Methods Data on doctor-diagnosed asthma during lifetime and allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis during the past 12 months of 8,631 children (≤ 18 years) were obtained from the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, along with information on housing type and presence of an indoor smoker. The SaTScan program identified geographical case clusters of allergic diseases, and multiple logistic regression determined risk factors, including geographical case clusters, for each allergic disease. Results Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis was 3.2%, 13.2%, and 15.5%,respectively. Older children (10?18 years) were more likely to have allergic rhinitis whereas younger children were more likely to have atopic dermatitis. It is noteworthy that children living in areas of geographical risk for asthma and atopic dermatitis were more likely to develop the respective allergic disease than children living in other areas (odds ratio [OR] = 3.47 for asthma, and OR = 9.74 for atopic dermatitis). Conclusions This study indicates that the areas in which children live may influence the development of certain allergic diseases. Implications include the need to assess geographical location of children with allergic diseases and to develop community-based preventive programs for children with allergic diseases. [Asian Nursing Research 2011;5(1):1?10]

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the level of perception and to identify factors associated with perception on patient safety culture among health care providers working in an operating room(OR). Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected conveniently from 154 RNs and 116 physicians working in a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Patient safety culture was measured using "The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture"developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis with the SPSS version 17.0. Results: The perception level of nurses and physicians on patient safety culture was "moderate" (3.14). Compared to physicians,nurses showed a significantly lower perception on the items of "teamwork within units" (t=-6.904, p<.001) and "overall perception of patient safety" (t=-4.327, p<.001), but had a higher perception about "frequency of events reported"(t=2.769, p=.006). The physicians’ professional positions, years of working experience, age, and working hour per week were identified as factors associated with patient safety culture. Conclusion: Level of perception on patient safety culture may vary among health care providers working in the OR. The study finding suggests that a tailored education and training strategies should be considered to develop an effective safety culture for healthcare professionals working in OR

본 연구는 외국인 며느리를 둔 시부모가 며느리와의 관계를 어떻게 지각하고 있는지 파악하고, 그 관계에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 분석해 보고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 경북 문경시에 거주하고 있으며 외국인 며느리를 두고 있는 60세 이상의 노부모였으며, 모두 73명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 며느리와의 관계는 시부모가 외국인 며느리와의 관계에 대해서 느끼는 가깝고 친밀한 정도로 측정되었으며, 시부모의 인구사회적인 특성과 며느리와의 관계적 특성 변수들이 고려되었다. 연구 결과, 시부모는 외국인 며느리와 관계를 비교적 긍정적으로 지각하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 관계에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인은 시부모의 건강상태와 며느리와의 의사소통 정도였다. 시부모의 건강이 좋지 않을수록 관계는 친밀한 것으로 나타났고, 며느리와의 의사소통이 효과적으로 이루어질수록 며느리와의 관계를 친밀하게 느끼는 것으로 나타났다.

The purposes of this study were to examine the perceived relationship between parents-in-law and their foreign daughters-in-law and to examine factors influencing the relationship between them in multi-cultural families. For the study, the data were collected from 73 elderly people aged 60 and over who have foreign daughter-in law. The perceived relationship was measured by the level of intimacy with daughter-in-law. Demographic variables of the elderly and characteristics of relationship between parents-in-law and their foreign daughters-in-law were included in the analysis. Results showed that the perceived relationship between foreign daughters-in-law and parents-in-law was relatively good. It was also appeared that lower level of self-rated health status of parents-in-law was associated with greater perception of relationship. Communication with foreign daughter-in-law was found as a statistically significant variable to predict the perceived relationship.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the result of one-way ANOVA with that of cross-correlation time series analysis in order to evaluate physiologic responses of premature infants to human voices. Methods: Four premature infants born prior to 32 weeks gestational age were included in the study. The Gould 4000TA Recording System recorded the preterm infant heart and respiratory rate while they were listening to a pre-recorded voice recording. Each infant listened to both male and female voices (1 min each) at each testing session. Results: The results of both one-way ANOVA and cross-correlation time series analysis using heart and respiratory rate data were not consistent in some of premature infants. A cross-correlation time series analysis revealed that the responses of premature infant to vocal stimulation occurred at a varying number of seconds after the stimulus was presented and lasted for over 20-30 sec. Conclusion: The results indicate that a time series analysis can provide more detailed information on the rapidly changing physiologic status of premature infant to the auditory stimulus. In addition, the results provide an insight into an auditory responsitivity of premature infants to a naturally occurring sound, the human voice, in the neonatal intensive care unit.

In recent years, reductions in infant mortality have mainly been accomplished by improving the survival of premature and low birth weight infants, however premature infants still remain at great risk. The purpose of this study was to review the maternal child health service related to premature infants and to provide a future direction for improving maternal child health (MCH) in Korea. We reviewed two MCH services which are directly related to premature infants: 1) a registry and financial support program for families with a premature infant, and 2) financial support to build neonatal intensive care units in rural public hospitals. Suggestions are made for the development of a national vital signs record system to identify high risk infants and to monitor the trends in infant mortality due to prematurity. Prevention efforts and preconception care for childbearing women is also an important strategy to reduce the rate of preterm births. Finally, we need consider long-term follow-up plans for premature infants for a successful transit to the special education system. Developing MCH policy related to premature infants that decreases the occurrence of premature may decrease infant mortality, and also improve maternal and child health services.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the status of health management and to evaluate the need for health professionals in day care centers in the South Korea. Method: Data were obtained from 360 child care providers in 16 provinces from May to August, 2007. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Safety education (traffic. 83.8% general safety. 71.6%) was provided more often than the other topic of education. All health related education was provided by child care providers. When minor health problems occurred, the most common management strategy was to send the child home (36.1%). During emergency conditions, majority of child care providers preferred taking the children to medical centers without giving any emergency care and 19.4% reported sending the child home without any immediate care. Child care providers recognized the need for health care professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need for services of health professionals in day care centers to satisfy the needs and expectations for health management in these centers. As health professionals, public health nurses or pediatric nurse practitioners may play an important role in health management of children in day care centers.

Purposes: The purposes of this study are to describe the health problems experienced by VLBW premature infants and their health care services utilization during the first year of life Method: Eighteen mothers of VLBW premature infants completed a survey questionnaire, asking socioeconomic/demographic information, health/ developmental problems experienced by their infants, and their use of health care services. Results: Of the 18 infants, 78% experienced respiratory problems such as cold/running nose and wheezing during the first year and 33% experienced gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Twelve (67%) infants visited the emergency department at least one time and 10 infants (56%) were hospitalized at least once during their first year of age. Interestingly, infants without chronic lung disease visited the emergency department more than infants without chronic lung disease (p=.213). Infants living in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods were hospitalized more than infants living in disadvantaged neighborhoods (p=.000). Conclusions: Health care providers should initiate educating mothers, particularly those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, about post-NICU discharge health care needs of their VLBW premature infants while their infants were still in the NICU so that unnecessary visits to the emergency department and rehospitalizations can be possibly prevented.