Earticle

콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 2.0 % 사료가 급성기 반응중인 육계병아리의 생산성과 영양소 이용성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 2.0 % 사료는 급성기 반응시 감소된 사료섭취를 증가시키고, 급성기 반응시 뇨산태 질소의 배설량을 감소시켜 질소밸런스를 증가시켰다. 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 2.0 % 사료는 4주령 체중을 높였다. 본 성적은 단백질 축적량의 증가는 단백질 분해량의 감소에 기인한다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 사료 중 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품이 육계병아리의 단백질 축적량을 증가시켜 생산성을 증가시키며, 급성기 반응시 사료섭취 증가와 영양소 이용성을 증가시킨다는 것을 나타낸다.

In order to at day evaluate effect of dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) with bean extract on performance and nutrients utilization during acute phase response, one day-old broiler chicks were fed basal diet and diets substituted with 2.0 % brown seaweed and 2.0 % brown seaweed with bean extract instead of wheat bran in basal diet for 4weeks. Dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed with bean extract enhanced dietary ME value and protein accumulation due to the increased NB and decreased UAN excretion. increased feed intake during acute phase response and had the highest body weight among birds fed experimental diets. The resulted indicated that dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed with bean extract improved performance of broiler chicks due to the increased protein accumulation during acute phase response.

영상 인식에 있어 에지는 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있으며, 에지 검출 방법에 대하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 에지는 응용분야에 따라 검출 범위가 달라 정확한 에지 검출은 여전히 어려운 문제로 남아 있다. 이러한 해결해야할 문제 중 하나가 잡음이 존재하는 영상에서의 에지 검출이다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 논리를 기반으로 같은 구조 안에서 잡음을 제거하고 에지를 검출하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제안한 방법은 두 단계로 이루어졌으며 첫 번째는 필터링 작업으로 3${\times}$3 마스크를 수직, 수평, 대각의 3방향으로 단순화하고 퍼지의 MIN-MAX 연산자를 이용하여 평균을 구한 뒤, 평균값을 적용하여 잡음이 존재하는 원 영상으로부터 잡음제거를 실행하고, 두 번째로 확장된 퍼지의 샤논 함수를 이용하여 에지 검출을 실행하였다.

The edge detection has been so far under a lot of studies on its methods, as a very important part of image recognition. Never the less the correct detection of the edge has been yet a difficult problem because of the various scopes of detection according to the applied field. One of those problems to be solved is the edge detection in images with noise. This paper presents an efficient method which removes noise and detect edge in the same framework based on fuzzy logic. The method consists of two steps. First, an efficient filtering is applied to eliminate the noise from original image. The filtering is performed by utilizing fuzzy MIN-MAX operator in three directions such as vertical, horizontal and diagonal angle of 3${\times}$3 mask. Second, edges are detected by using extended fuzzy Shanon Function.

It is generally known that cotton treated with liquid ammonia has better soft handle, wrinkle recoveries and stability of appearance as compared with the alkali mercerized cotton. In this study, the various cotton fabrics treated with liquid ammonia$(NH_3)$, sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH)/liquid ammonia$(NH_3)$ and untreated cotton fabric were investigated and compared in terms of physical properties and dyeing behavior. As the result, the strength of four kinds of cotton fabrics were similar. But the elongation of cotton treated with liquid ammonia increased slightly. Liquid ammonia treatment reduced the crystallinity of cotton and the crystalline structure of cotton transformed from cellulose 1 to mixed structure of celluloseIand III. In dyeing, dyeing rate decreased but equilibrium dye uptake increased by liquid ammonia treatment of cotton fabrics.

A fast pattern classification algorithm with Cellular Parallel Processing Network-based dynamic programming is proposed. The Cellular Parallel Processing Networks is an analog parallel processing architecture and the dynamic programming is an efficient computation algorithm for optimization problem. Combining merits of these two technologies, fast Pattern classification with optimization is formed. On such CPPN-based dynamic programming, if exemplars and test patterns are presented as the goals and the start positions, respectively, the optimal paths from test patterns to their closest exemplars are found. Such paths are utilized as aggregating keys for the classification. The pattern classification is performed well regardless of degree of the nonlinearity in class borders.

SMIL을 이용하여 텍스트, 이미지, 음성, 영상, 애니메이션 등의 다양한 멀티미디어 클립들을 시간적/공간적으로 자유롭게 배치하고, 다양한 멀티미디어 프리젠테이션을 구성할 수 있는 교육용 컨텐츠를 구현할 수 있다. 하지만, SMIL은 HTML이나 XML과 같이 태그를 사용하므로 이를 구현하기 위해서는 텍스트 입력이 가능한 메모장이나 워드프로세서 등을 사용하여 문서를 작성해야하기 때문에 그에 따른 각각의 태그와 속성을 모두 암기해야만 효율적인 컨텐츠를 제작할 수 있다. 그러므로 사용자 입장에서는 시간적인 면에서, 또는 비용면에서 비효율적인 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 동기화 언어인 SMIL을 기반으로 한 교육용 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 및 멀티미디어 데이터를 누구나 손쉽게 제작하고 처리할 수 있도록 SMIL을 기반으로 하는 교육용 컨텐츠 저작 시스템을 개발하여 컨텐츠를 제작하는 사용자들의 번거로움과 불편함을 없애고 효율성을 높일 수 있게 하였다.

The cotton fabrics treated with 50% N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(50% NMMO) and 75% N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(75 % NMMO) aqueous solution were examined in terms of the dyeability comparing with those of regular cotton fabrics. The dyeing rate was increased with the increase of the concentration of NMMO in the treatment aqueous solution. The NMMO treatment increased the diffusion coefficients and decreased the activation energy of direct dye onto cotton fabrics. This means that the NMMO could change the micro-structure of cotton fabrics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test of two adhesive systems. The dentin surface of human molars. sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface. Either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M Dental Product, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was bonded to the surface. and covered with resin-composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced perpendicular to the adhesive interface to measure the hybrid layer thickness by confocal laser scanning microscope. The specimen were trimmed to give a bonded cross-sectional surface area of $1\textrm{mm}^2$, then the micro-tensile bone test was performed at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. All fractured surfaces were also observed by stereomicroscope. There was no significant differences in bond strengths the materials(p>0.05). However. the hybrid layers of three-step dentin adhesive system, SM, had significantly thicker than self-etching adhesive system. CS(p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strengths(p>0.05). Bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems were not dependent on the thickness of hybrid layer.

크릴밀 사료가 육계병아리의 생산성을 감소시키는 경향을 완화하기 위하여 항산화작용이 있은 콩추출물이 함유된 크릴밀을 급여하여 육계병아리의 생산성을 조사하고, 파두유의 피하주입으로 급성기반응을 발생시켜 비장세표와 PBMC 증식도, 그리고 TNF-$\alpha$와 Ovotranferrin의 발현에 미치는 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료의 영향을 조사하였다. 육계 병아리에서 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료는 생산성을 증가시켰다. 급성기 반응시 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료는 비장세포의 증식도를 낮추나 PBMC의 증식조는 높았다. 혈장내 순환 TNF-$\alpha$와 Ovotranferrin의 농도는 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료 급여로 감소하였다. 본 성적은 콩 추출물 함유 크릴밀 사료가 육계 병아리의 급성기 반응에 관여하고 있다는 것을 나타내었다.

To study effect of bean extracts to lessen the growth-suppressing-effect of krill meal diet, dietary krill meal with bean extracts on the performance of broiler chicks and proliferation of splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and levels of circulating TNF-$\alpha$ and ovotransferrin in plasma was assayed. The krill meal with bean extracts diet lessened the growth-suppressing effect of the krill meal diet. During acute phase responce, the krill meal with bean extracts diet decreased the proliferation of splenocytes and increased the proliferation of the PBMC and reduced the circulating levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and ovotransferrin in plasma. The results Indicated that the krill meal with bean extracts diet related with the acute phase response in broiler chicks.

본 논문은 LipSynchro 소프트웨어 개발 키트(SDK)를 이용하여 기존 2차원의 정지된 이미지를 모션생성엔진, 음성분석, 인식엔진과 함께 연동함으로서 캐릭터의 움직임을 자동으로 생성하여 사실적이고 살아있는 캐릭터 에이전트를 만들어, 이를 멀티미디어 교육용 컨텐츠저작 툴과 결합하여 보다 나은 교육용 컨텐츠를 생성할 수 있도록 하였다.

N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO) is recently hewn as a solvent dissolving cellulose to produce a new regenerated cellulosic fiber, lyocell. In this study, four kinds of cellulosic fibers (lyocell, regular cotton, treated cotton with 50% and 75% NMMO aqueous solution) was examined and compared in terms of mechanical properties and dyeability. The swelling of cotton treated with NMMO aqueous solution is higher than that of cotton treated with water. In dyeing rate, the cotton treated with NMMO was faster than regular cotton. NMMO treatment decreased the crystallinity of cotton fabrics and improved their softness and smoothness.

본 연구는 청정생산기술의 개념을 염색가공분야에 도입시키기 위한 방법론을 제시한 것이다. 먼저 각 분야별 전문가로 이루어진 진단지도팀을 구성하여 대상업체에서 진행중인 제조공정 진행상태를 파악하고 사용하는 원부자재의 성능 및 환경적 분석과 폐수의 환경적 분석을 실시하였다. 원부자재(조제 및 염료)의 환경성은 TOC, CODMn, CODCr, $BOD_5$의 항목으로 평가하였고, 발생되는 폐수는 TOC, CODMn, CODCr, $BOD_5$, TDS, pH의 항목으로 평가하였다. 또 물질수지 분석과 LCA 평가 후 다음 단계로 공정, 에너지, 원부자재, 생산관리, 일반관리에서의 문제점을 도출한 후 그 중에서 개선 대상을 선정하고 마지막 단계에서 각 부분에 대해 지도하여 개선토록 한 후 최종 개선 효과를 분석하였다.

The aim of study was to suggest a methodology for applying cleaner production technology in dyeing & finishing process of textile materials. To accomplish cleaner production, we performed consulting activity in dyeing factory, which composed of following different procedures. First, we organized consulting team with specialists for dyeing, energy and chemicals, and visited dyeing companies for the purpose of doing basic investigation such as analysis of process, chemicals & effluents, condition of equipment and process flow of products. Environmental aspect of raw materials (dyestuff, chemicals) was assessed by TOC, COD, BOD, and effluent of that was assessed by TOC, COD, BOD, TDS and pH. Second, We find out the problems in dyeing&finishing process from the view point of dyeing process, energy, raw materials and process management by utilizing MB (material balance), LCA(Life Cycle Assessment), EB(Energy Balance). Third, we generated the solutions to achieve optimal process condition by brain storming method, and then implemented the solutions to each process. Finally, we determined their effectiveness after considering the results of repeating trials for the solutions. Cleaner production could be achieved by keeping optimal process conditions, equipment modification, improved production management, and on-site reuse or recycling.

최근 대용량의 데이터베이스로부터 연관규칙을 발견하여 이를 활용하는 단계에서 이러한 연관규칙을 수량항목에도 적용할 수 있도록 확장하는 연구가 소개되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수량 항목을 이진항목으로 변환하기 위하여 빈발구간 항목집합(Large Interval Itemsets)을 생성할 때 수량 항목이 특정 영역에 집중하여 발생하거나 골고루 분포되어 있지 않은 경우, 이러한 지역성(locality)을 고려하여 빈발구간 항목집합을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 기존의 방법보다 많은 수의 세밀한 빈발구간 항목들을 생성할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 의미 있는 구간을 중심으로 빈발구간 항목들이 순서대로 생성되기 때문에 세밀도를 판단하여 활용할 수 있으며, 원 데이터가 가지고 있는 특성의 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 특징이 있다 또한 인구센서스등 실 데이터를 사용한 성능평가를 통하여 기존의 방법보다 우수함을 보였다.

사용자가 원하는 다양한 교육정보를 제공하기 위해서는 이미지, 음성, 영상 등을 포함한 멀티미디어 데이터로 제공해야하는데, HTML로는 다양한 멀티미디어 데이터를 표현하고 전달하는데 한계가 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 SMIL이 제안되었지만 태그 사용의 어려움이 있고, 부분적으로 작성문서를 재생할 수 없는 비효율적인 면을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 동기화 언어인 SMIL을 기반으로 한 교육용 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 손쉽게 제작$.$편집할 수 있는 SMIL 에디터를 구현하였다. 본 에디터는 위지윅 개념을 이용한 인터페이스를 제공함으로써 SMIL을 모르는 일반인도 쉽게 작성 가능하고, 부분적으로 작성된 문서를 편집 즉시 결과를 재생하고 확인$.$수정이 가능하며, 사용가능한 멀티미디어 객체를 삽입할 수 있으므로 보다 학습내용을 쉽게 설명할 수 있는 교육용 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 저작할 수 있어 사용자의 편리함과 저작에 드는 시간과 노력을 감소시킴으로서 효율성을 증대시킬 수 있다.

In this paper, in order to help one to write contents for education in such a way to increase effectiveness, we implement SMIL editor, which helps anyone to author contents for education and multimedia text in an easy way based on multimeda language SMIL. Thanks to its interface which utilizes WYSIWYGT, this editor allows teachers or other users who do not know SMIL to write contents for education and multimedia text in an easy way and to check in a real time how a partially completed document work and to revise when it is not satisfactory. It also allows one to write contents with explanations to help learning because usable multimedia objects can be inserted. This editor helps the user to reduce his inconvenience that he has in memorizing SMIL tags and to reduce his time and offers in writing the documents.

The industry is becoming more conscientious of environmental management and are promoting sustainable production. But the dyeing industry is still recognized as one of the polluting industries which discharges wastewater. Therefore, efforts are being made to reduce wastewater using ultra low liquor ratio dyeing machines and foam dyeing. However, these techniques do not solve the basic problem of wastewater generation. The supercritical fluid dyeing(SFD) technique is a new dyeing process using supercritical carbon dioxide instead of water. To dye aramid(Nomex) spun yarn by SFD, a 3 liter SFD machine was designed and manufactured. C.I. Disperse Red 360, Red 60, Yellow 54 and Blue 56 were used in this work. Dyeing property and level dyeing of aramid fiber were improved by the incorporation of in-out/out-in circulation device, nozzle, and cover in the SFD system. Physical properties(tensile strength, elongation, shrinkage) of Nomex spun yarn treated by the SFD condition(13$0^{\circ}C$, 20 MPa, 60 min) were unaffected. Dyeing property of Nomex spun yarn with disperse dyes in the SFD increases as molecular weight of dyes decreases and as temperature and pressure of dyeing increases in the E type dyes. Colorfastness of dyed Nomex spun yarn by the SFD were acceptable except for wash fastness.

A fast pattern classification algorithm with Cellular Nonlinear Network-based dynamic programming is proposed. The Cellular Nonlinear Networks is an analog parallel processing architecture and the dynamic programing is an efficient computation algorithm for optimization problem. Combining merits of these two technologies, fast pattern classification with optimization is formed. On such CNN-based dynamic programming, if exemplars and test patterns are presented as the goals and the start positions, respectively, the optimal paths from test patterns to their closest exemplars are found. Such paths are utilized as aggregating keys for the classification. The algorithm is similar to the conventional neural network-based method in the use of the exemplar patterns but quite different in the use of the most likely path finding of the dynamic programming. The pattern classification is performed well regardless of degree of the nonlinearity in class borders.