Earticle

Recently, Internet Protocol TV technology has a latent power for searching information by using internet-connected interactive TV media. It is hard to browse and search web site conveniently since the visual and input devices are not sufficient for navigating through the websites. Zoomable user interface is a possible solution that may reduce users' task load and improve their performance. In this paper, we made three types of web browsers as scroll, physical zooming and semantic zooming type. Fifteen participants asked to do searching tasks and their task time, accuracy and subjective responses are recorded. In the result, though scroll type is evaluated more efficient than other types in task time and accuracy since participants are familiar with scroll type interface, semantic zooming type is highly rated in subjective responses such as perceived searching efficiency, satisfaction and joyfulness. This result implied semantic zooming is a possible solution which is improving user experience of searching websites using Internet Protocol TV.

Although the pulse diagnosis position, Guan is apart from Cun or Chi by only $10{\sim}20$ mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Cun, Guan and Chi, To support their clinical behaviors, in this study, we tested statistically whether there are differences in pulse waveform measured at these three positions with SphygmoCor system used world widely, A 30 years old female subject without any evidence of cardiovascular diseases was involved in this experiment. Radial pulse waves were recorded at three different positions on left lower arm 10 times at three positions-Cun, Guan and Chi. With ANOVA, we tested whether, among three different positions. there are any differences in 12 parameters of radial pulse waveform and in estimated AIx(Augmentation Index) as an arterial stiffness index extracted from radial pulse waveform. As results, differences in optimal indent pressure h0 were observed at different measuring positions(P<0.001) but not significantly different. And pulse pressure his were found to be different(Chi<Cun<Guan). From these results, Oriental Medical doctors' diagnostic behavior of applying different indent pressures and their statements of plural pulse images can be asserted to be reasonable. On the other hand, estimated aortic AIx at Cun, Guan and Chi were $22.60{\pm}3.06%,\;18.60{\pm}3.37%\;and\;26.4{\pm}5.02%$ respectively. Consequently. AIx at Gwan seems to be lowest and that at Chi seems to be highest. So. we assert the AIx at Chi is likely to be overestimated. In further studies. we want to examine what make differences in these parameters between measuring positions. And it also seems to be worthy to investigate the relationship between the depth of radial artery and AIx. And, ultimately, we need to determine the best measuring process including measuring position, hold-down pressure, signal quality validation and so on. so to achieve the optimal waveform which represents subject's health condition for both western medicine and traditional medicine.

본 연구는 잔디종자에 감마선을 조사하였을 때 종자 발아율 및 초기 생육을 관찰하여 잔디 종류에 따른 방사선 감수성을 관찰하고 돌연변이 유기를 위한 적정 방사선 선량을 결정하고자 수행되었다. 난지형 잔디인 zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, seashore paspalum과 한지형 잔디인 Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, creeping bentgrass를 실험에 사용하였다. 다양한 방사선 선량으로 24시간 처리한 후 발아율 및 신초, 뿌리 길이와 생체중을 조사한 결과 방사선 선량이 증가할수록 발아율 및 초기 생육이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선에 의해 생육이 50% 억제되는 반치사선량을 조사한 결과 잔디 종류에 따라 다양하게 관찰됨을 알 수 있었다. 잔디 종류별 반치사선량 ($LD_{50}$)은 zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, creeping bentgrass 각각 300, 150, 600, 150, 200, 100, 200 Gy로 bermudagrass가 가장 높고, tall fescue가 가장 낮게 나타났다.

This study was conducted to determine the optimum dose ranges for a mutation breeding based on the observations of a seed germination and an early growth in turfgrasses. Three warm season (Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, and Seashore paspalum) and four cool season turfgrasses (Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Creeping bentgrass) were used in this study. We investigated the percentage of a seed germination and a seedling growth after irradiating the turfgrass seeds with various doses of gamma-ray (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 Gy). After 24 h with a gamma irradiation, the seeds were sown on the wet filter paper in a petri dish and maintained for 3 weeks at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the warm season turfgrasses and at 25$^{\circ}C$ for the cool season turfgrasses. Data on a seed germination and a seedling growth with three replications were collected. The percentage of seed germination was decreased with an increase of the gamma-ray dose. Shoot and root growth, and the fresh weight were decreased significantly as the radiation dose was increased. A radiation dose indicating a 50% growth inhibition ($LD_{50}$) with a gamma irradiation was varied among those turfgrass species used, with the highest at about 500 Gy for bermudagrass and the lowest at 100Gy for tall fescue. The optimum dose for a gamma irradiation for a selection of turfgrass mutants was considered to be about 300, 150, 500, 150, 200, 100 and 200 Gy for zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping bentgrass, respectively.

전통식품의 연구에 있어 우선 필요한 것은 현재까지 기록으로 남아 있는 과거의 조리서(調理書)를 발굴하거나 최근의 조리서를 번역하는 일 등이다. 비록 1900년대에 발간된 것이라 해도 역사적으로는 면면히 전해진 것이기 때문에 우리 음식의 확실한 근간이 되는 것이다.

한의학 관점의 진맥위치는 요골동맥상의 촌/관/척 세부위로 나누어진다. 거의 말초에 해당하는 근접한 부위를 세 부분으로 나누어 진맥하여 병을 진단하는데 촌/관/척 위치에 대한 해부학적 혈류역학적 근거는 부족한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 초음파(VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical 미국)를 이용하여 맥진 위치의 혈관굵기, 혈관깊이 그리고 혈류 속도를 측정하고 분석해 봄으로써 맥진 위치의 구조석 차이를 이해해 보고자 한다. 또한 Body Mass Index(BMI)에 따라 혈관의 특성이 달라지는지 파악하고 한의맥진과의 상관관계를 분석해 보았다. 심혈관 질환이 없는 남자 피험자를 각각 BMI 정상인 그룹, 저체중 그룹, 과체중 그룹으로 나누어 5명씩 측정하였다. 좌, 우 손목의 맥진위치(촌, 곽, 척)에서 혈관깊이, 혈관굵기, 혈류속도를 측정하였으며 맥진기(3-D Mac, 대요메디, 한국)를 이용하여 맥파를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 비만도에 따라 혈관의 특징이 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었으며 한의 맥의 종류 중 부맥과 치맥에 특징이 비만도와 관련 있음을 알 수 있었나 이는 피험자의 혈관 특성과 BMI 정보가 진단에 중요한 지표이며 자동 맥진 알고리즘 개발 시 반드시 고려해야 하는 사항임을 알 수 있다.

Objectives : Acupuncture points and meridians have been usually depicted as a two dimensional drawing and verbal description. Recently, imaging and three-dimensional image processing technologies have been introduced into medical fields such as anatomy and virtual operation, for the purpose of enhanced efficiency in research and education. This study attempted an image modelling of the meridian and acupoint in the upper limb region. Methods : A vector image model of an arm was produced and medical information on the meridian and acupoint of the arm region was incorporated. Results : A 3D modelling of the acupuncture meridian and acupoint in the upper limb region was produced along with a user console to control the presentation of related information and to facilitate visualization of the 3D model images. Conclusions : A 3D modelling of the acupuncture meridian and acupoint will be an efficient platform for an education and research.

기존 PC용 웹 페이지는 키보드와 마우스, 근거리 디스플레이를 이용하는 환경에 맞추어 많은 정보 제공을 목적으로 복잡한 구성과 작은 폰트로 디자인되어 있다. 따라서, 일정 거리 이상의 시청 거리, 사용자의 기밀한 주의를 요구하지 않는 컨텐츠 제공, 제한적 기능의 리모트 컨트롤러를 사용하여 제어하는 TV에서 동일한 웹 페이지를 사용자에게 제공하기에는 적합하지 않다. 이러한 TV 환경에서 웹 페이지를 효율적으로 브라우징하기 위해 시맨틱 주밍 기법을 적용한 브라우징 방식을 디자인하였다. 기존의 웹 페이지를 분석하여 구성된 컨텐츠를 기반으로 semantic block 을 추출하고, 기존의 레이아웃과 스타일 정보를 분석한 후 현재 환경에 최적의 형태로 컨텐츠를 요약하고 레이아웃, 스타일을 변경하여 재구성한다. 이렇게 재구성된 웹 페이지는 줌 인터페이스를 사용하여 사용자에게 정보의 양을 조정하여 보여준다. 즉, 사용자가 관심 있는 semantic block 을 선택하여 줌-인을 하면 해당 블록이 커지며 더 자세한 컨텐츠로 이루어진 내용을 볼 수 있고, 줌-아웃을 하면 해당 블록이 작아지면서 요약된 컨텐츠로 이루어진 내용을 볼 수 있다. TV 와 같이 큰 디스플레이의 경우 PC 보다 스크롤과 같은 조작을 하기 위해서는 더 많은 노력이 요구됨으로 사용자의 편의를 위해 가로 스크롤은 제거하고 세로 스크롤은 최소화하는 방식으로 채택하였다. 복잡하게 구성된 웹 페이지를 사용자가 원하는 컨텐츠에 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 요약된 컨텐츠로 재구성하고, TV 환경에 최적화된 레이아웃과 스타일을 제공하여 가독성과 심미성을 향상되도록 하였다.

Web pages with complex layout and small font size do not display well on large screen display such as TV because it has limited capabilities: long distance view, passive user attitude, limited input device like a legacy remote controller. We have designed and implemented new semantic zoom browsing facilities to support effective navigation on Internet-connected digital television with limited capabilities. Our browser performs partitioning of an HTML document content into semantic blocks. Semantic blocks present summarized information with more readable style and modified layout for optimal reading and browsing. Individual blocks can be selected by the user and zoomed in more detail information by the user. The scrolling on large display device needs more user interaction. Our browser modifies the layout of an HTML document with removing horizontal scrolling and minimizing vertical scrolling. This method allows users to easily view the web page by converting into optimal reading style and layout and to easily seek the information just with zooming.

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.

강원도 양구군 도솔산과 제주도에서 2종류의 미기록 귀화식물을 발견하였다. Hieracium caespitosum Dumort.는 양구군 도솔산에서 분포가 확인되었으며 조밥나물과 비교하여 두화의 수가 많고, 개화시기에도 근생엽이 달려 있는 특징이 있으며, 유럽이 원산지여서 유럽조밥나물로 신칭하였다. Trifolium incarnatum L.은 제주도 정실, 우도, 대정 가시오름 및 전라남도 보성 녹차단지 주변 등 여러 곳에서 발견되었으며 토끼풀속의 다른 식물들과는 꽃이 진홍색이고, 화서가 길게 발달하며 식물체가 직립하는 등의 특징으로 구별된다.

Two newly naturalized species were recorded from Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Among them, numerous populations of Hieracium caespitosum (Asteraceae) were found in 2006 along the road near the military area at, Mt. Dosolsan, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. The other species, Trifolium incarnatum (Fabaceae) was widespread and found at various locations including Jeongsil and Woo-do in Jeju-si, Jeju-do and Gasioreum, Daejeong-eup, Seoguipo-si, Jeju-do and Daehandawon Plantation in Hoecheon-myon, Boseong-gun, Jeonranam-do in 2008. Hieracium caespitosum was found to be distinguished from the allied species, H. umbellatum in the same genus, by a lot of capitula and a well developed cluster of basal leaves during the flowering time. Trifolium incarnatum can be distinguished from other species in the same genus by an erect form, long inflorescence and deep-red flowers.

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

l. Objectives This study aims to know the coefficient of five Sasang constitution diagnosis factors' concordance in and among Oriental Medical Clinics, which are important to diagnose Sasang constitution, 2. Methods We collected 701 subjects in Oriental Medical Clinics, who were diagnosed by experts, and they marked the priority order of Sasang constitutional factors in paper. 3. Results 1) The concordance of priority order about Sasang constitutional factors was significantly associated within Oriental Medical Clinics. 2) The concordance of priority order of Sasang constitutional factors was not significantly associated among 12 Oriental Medical Clinics, so we find out that each medical clinics has a different point of view of deciding the rank of diagnosis factors. 3) We show that the factor of Sasang constitutional drug response was the most important one to confirm Sasang constitution and factors have a different order according to clinic type and qualification of experts 4. Conclusions Sasang constitution expect has their own view in diagnosis priority order and that was different among them.

패스트푸드를 대체할 방법으로 전 조리법의 표준화를 제시하고자 하여 고문헌 20여권을 중심으로 조리법을 조사하였다. 조리법에 활용한 재료는 농산물, 축산물, 수산물, 기타로 분류하여 총 67여종의 조리법을 조사하였고 표준 조리법을 설정, 자료화 하여 보고하였다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the status of health management and to evaluate the need for health professionals in day care centers in the South Korea. Method: Data were obtained from 360 child care providers in 16 provinces from May to August, 2007. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Safety education (traffic. 83.8% general safety. 71.6%) was provided more often than the other topic of education. All health related education was provided by child care providers. When minor health problems occurred, the most common management strategy was to send the child home (36.1%). During emergency conditions, majority of child care providers preferred taking the children to medical centers without giving any emergency care and 19.4% reported sending the child home without any immediate care. Child care providers recognized the need for health care professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need for services of health professionals in day care centers to satisfy the needs and expectations for health management in these centers. As health professionals, public health nurses or pediatric nurse practitioners may play an important role in health management of children in day care centers.

Objectives : Placebo phenomena have been considered as a confounding factor of clinical trial. Expectancy and belief of acupuncture have not been evaluated quantitatively. The present study was performed to analyze the emotional and cognitive factor .of acupuncture and investigate whether the expectancy of acupuncture treatment is associated with the cognition of acupuncture. Methods : The expectancy and the perception of bodily sensation (PBS) of 22 participants were assessed using self-reported questionnaire. The subjects used the self assessment manikin (SAM) to rate each of the standard affective image of the international affective picture system (lAPS) and other acupuncture-related image. Based on the degree of expectancy, the high expectant (HE) and the low expectant (LE) group were classified. The thermal and pressure pain threshold was objectively evaluated using radiant-heat device and algometer. The degree of expected pain of acupuncture and the actual pain of painful stimulation was subjectively evaluated using facial pain scales (FPS). Results : Using SAlVI analysis, we identified the negative correlation between hedonic valence and arousal dimension on acupuncture-related visual cue. The degree of the PBS and general pain threshold did not show any significant difference between the HE and the LE group. The HE group rated the acupuncture images as more pleasant, more arousing, than the LE group. In addition, we also found that the higher expectancy marked the lower FPS of the expected pain of acupuncture, but not of the actual pain of painful stimulation. Conclusions : Our preliminary study identified the psychological dimensions of acupuncture-related visual cue. These findings indicate that the expectancy of acupuncture could affect the cognition of acupuncture.

Objectives : Accurate and reproducible location of an acupuncture point (AP) have been considered an essential component of meaningful acupuncture research as well as clinical practice. Several kinds of devices have been developed and widely used for the convenience of locating APs. However, the accuracy and convenience of these devices have not been systematically evaluated. The present study was performed to find out the most suitable tools for the location accuracy and location easiness of APs among the devices respectively. Methods : Twenty subjects attempted to locate APs, including PC5 and SP6 in the arm and leg, using four different AP positioning methods: one Conventional Ruler method and three alternative methods including Cunometer, Transparent AP meter, and Elastic Ruler method. The position marked on each AP was plotted onto a thin, flexible, and transparent plastic film, and the dispersion rate of the positions was determined and recorded. The elapsed time for locating each AP was measured. After that each subject was answered to a short questionnaire regarding the degree of convenience and confidence of use of each method for AP location. Results : All of three alternative methods took less time than Conventional Ruler method did. Among these alternative methods, the accuracy of Elastic Ruler method was markedly higher than others. The degree of convenience of the Cunometer and the confidence of Elastic Ruler method were the highest among these alternative methods. Conclusions : The present study indicates that the Elastic Ruler method was the most compatible for the conventional Ruler methods. However, there are many factors need to be reconsidered. Improved devices for locating AP are imperatively needed for clinical practice.