Earticle

전통식품의 연구에 있어 우선 필요한 것은 현재까지 기록으로 남아 있는 과거의 조리서(調理書)를 발굴하거나 최근의 조리서를 번역하는 일 등이다. 비록 1900년대에 발간된 것이라 해도 역사적으로는 면면히 전해진 것이기 때문에 우리 음식의 확실한 근간이 되는 것이다.

1. Introduction This study aims to survey knowledge and attitude of Sasang constitution investigators on the Sasang constitution clinical study. 2. Methods We have made up list of 24 Sasang constitution investigators who have conducted Sasang constitution clinical study before. The study has been surveyed for 20 investigators who has been experiencing clinical study bye-mail or interview. 3. Results 1) The recognition degree on clinical study for sasang constitutional investigators was relatively lower than that for non-oriental investigators. 2) Most investigators have difficulty in designing a Protocol and they thought Protocol is most important in clinical study. 3) The investigators has stressed the need of diagnosis guideline on Sasang Constitution in performing clinical study. 4. Conclusions Special course of clinical study for sasang constitutional investigators should be prepared to activate Sasang constitution clinical study. This course may set up the guideline of sasang constitution clinical study and designing protocol. Also it is urgent to develop constitution diagnosis guideline for clinical study.

Recently, Internet Protocol TV technology has a latent power for searching information by using internet-connected interactive TV media. It is hard to browse and search web site conveniently since the visual and input devices are not sufficient for navigating through the websites. Zoomable user interface is a possible solution that may reduce users' task load and improve their performance. In this paper, we made three types of web browsers as scroll, physical zooming and semantic zooming type. Fifteen participants asked to do searching tasks and their task time, accuracy and subjective responses are recorded. In the result, though scroll type is evaluated more efficient than other types in task time and accuracy since participants are familiar with scroll type interface, semantic zooming type is highly rated in subjective responses such as perceived searching efficiency, satisfaction and joyfulness. This result implied semantic zooming is a possible solution which is improving user experience of searching websites using Internet Protocol TV.

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.

l. Objectives This study aims to know the coefficient of five Sasang constitution diagnosis factors' concordance in and among Oriental Medical Clinics, which are important to diagnose Sasang constitution, 2. Methods We collected 701 subjects in Oriental Medical Clinics, who were diagnosed by experts, and they marked the priority order of Sasang constitutional factors in paper. 3. Results 1) The concordance of priority order about Sasang constitutional factors was significantly associated within Oriental Medical Clinics. 2) The concordance of priority order of Sasang constitutional factors was not significantly associated among 12 Oriental Medical Clinics, so we find out that each medical clinics has a different point of view of deciding the rank of diagnosis factors. 3) We show that the factor of Sasang constitutional drug response was the most important one to confirm Sasang constitution and factors have a different order according to clinic type and qualification of experts 4. Conclusions Sasang constitution expect has their own view in diagnosis priority order and that was different among them.

Over the past few years, anthocyanin has been demonstrated to exert potentially anti-oxidative and bioavailability effects including anti-cardiovascular disease and cancer-preventive effects in humans. This study was conducted to assess the toxicity of anthocyanin extracts from black soybean seed coats via oral administration in a mice feeding test. The final anthocyanin-containing products induced signs of toxicity on mortality in the 4-week feeding test. The incidence of clinical signs and changes in body and organ weight were also not observed in all anthocyanin-treated groups as compared with the control groups. In hematology analysis, RBC indices concluding MCV, MCH, and MCHC and WBC differential counting such a NEU, LYM, MONO, EOS, and BASO evidenced no significant differences between the anthocyanin treatment and control groups. The biochemical parameters in serum analysis - ALT, AST, BUN, Crea etc.- were also not significantly altered in those groups. Absolute and relative organ weights were not increased after 4 weeks of treatment with anthocyanin extracts in mice. In conclusion, anthocyanin extracts from the black soybean has biological activity without any toxic effects, which also suggests that the consumption of soy containing anthocyanin products may be a good source for health and medical supplies.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the anthocyanin content of black rice crude extract according to different extraction methods, as well as to compare the effects of stabilizers(${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, maltodextrin) and sugars(sucrose, maltose) on anthocyanin color deterioration, which was examined at $100^{\circ}C$ for $120{\sim}180$ min. In the water extract, C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) was detected, 3.22 ppm and 3.29 ppm of C3G respectively. In the $60^{\circ}C$ water extract, anthocyanin color deterioration was retarded by 10% sucrose and 1% maltose and the thermal color deterioration was retarded by the additions of 1% maltodextrin and 1% ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin.

패스트푸드를 대체할 방법으로 전 조리법의 표준화를 제시하고자 하여 고문헌 20여권을 중심으로 조리법을 조사하였다. 조리법에 활용한 재료는 농산물, 축산물, 수산물, 기타로 분류하여 총 67여종의 조리법을 조사하였고 표준 조리법을 설정, 자료화 하여 보고하였다.

본 연구는 잔디종자에 감마선을 조사하였을 때 종자 발아율 및 초기 생육을 관찰하여 잔디 종류에 따른 방사선 감수성을 관찰하고 돌연변이 유기를 위한 적정 방사선 선량을 결정하고자 수행되었다. 난지형 잔디인 zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, seashore paspalum과 한지형 잔디인 Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, creeping bentgrass를 실험에 사용하였다. 다양한 방사선 선량으로 24시간 처리한 후 발아율 및 신초, 뿌리 길이와 생체중을 조사한 결과 방사선 선량이 증가할수록 발아율 및 초기 생육이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선에 의해 생육이 50% 억제되는 반치사선량을 조사한 결과 잔디 종류에 따라 다양하게 관찰됨을 알 수 있었다. 잔디 종류별 반치사선량 ($LD_{50}$)은 zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, creeping bentgrass 각각 300, 150, 600, 150, 200, 100, 200 Gy로 bermudagrass가 가장 높고, tall fescue가 가장 낮게 나타났다.

This study was conducted to determine the optimum dose ranges for a mutation breeding based on the observations of a seed germination and an early growth in turfgrasses. Three warm season (Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, and Seashore paspalum) and four cool season turfgrasses (Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Creeping bentgrass) were used in this study. We investigated the percentage of a seed germination and a seedling growth after irradiating the turfgrass seeds with various doses of gamma-ray (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 Gy). After 24 h with a gamma irradiation, the seeds were sown on the wet filter paper in a petri dish and maintained for 3 weeks at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the warm season turfgrasses and at 25$^{\circ}C$ for the cool season turfgrasses. Data on a seed germination and a seedling growth with three replications were collected. The percentage of seed germination was decreased with an increase of the gamma-ray dose. Shoot and root growth, and the fresh weight were decreased significantly as the radiation dose was increased. A radiation dose indicating a 50% growth inhibition ($LD_{50}$) with a gamma irradiation was varied among those turfgrass species used, with the highest at about 500 Gy for bermudagrass and the lowest at 100Gy for tall fescue. The optimum dose for a gamma irradiation for a selection of turfgrass mutants was considered to be about 300, 150, 500, 150, 200, 100 and 200 Gy for zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping bentgrass, respectively.

한의학 관점의 진맥위치는 요골동맥상의 촌/관/척 세부위로 나누어진다. 거의 말초에 해당하는 근접한 부위를 세 부분으로 나누어 진맥하여 병을 진단하는데 촌/관/척 위치에 대한 해부학적 혈류역학적 근거는 부족한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 초음파(VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical 미국)를 이용하여 맥진 위치의 혈관굵기, 혈관깊이 그리고 혈류 속도를 측정하고 분석해 봄으로써 맥진 위치의 구조석 차이를 이해해 보고자 한다. 또한 Body Mass Index(BMI)에 따라 혈관의 특성이 달라지는지 파악하고 한의맥진과의 상관관계를 분석해 보았다. 심혈관 질환이 없는 남자 피험자를 각각 BMI 정상인 그룹, 저체중 그룹, 과체중 그룹으로 나누어 5명씩 측정하였다. 좌, 우 손목의 맥진위치(촌, 곽, 척)에서 혈관깊이, 혈관굵기, 혈류속도를 측정하였으며 맥진기(3-D Mac, 대요메디, 한국)를 이용하여 맥파를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 비만도에 따라 혈관의 특징이 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었으며 한의 맥의 종류 중 부맥과 치맥에 특징이 비만도와 관련 있음을 알 수 있었나 이는 피험자의 혈관 특성과 BMI 정보가 진단에 중요한 지표이며 자동 맥진 알고리즘 개발 시 반드시 고려해야 하는 사항임을 알 수 있다.

기존 PC용 웹 페이지는 키보드와 마우스, 근거리 디스플레이를 이용하는 환경에 맞추어 많은 정보 제공을 목적으로 복잡한 구성과 작은 폰트로 디자인되어 있다. 따라서, 일정 거리 이상의 시청 거리, 사용자의 기밀한 주의를 요구하지 않는 컨텐츠 제공, 제한적 기능의 리모트 컨트롤러를 사용하여 제어하는 TV에서 동일한 웹 페이지를 사용자에게 제공하기에는 적합하지 않다. 이러한 TV 환경에서 웹 페이지를 효율적으로 브라우징하기 위해 시맨틱 주밍 기법을 적용한 브라우징 방식을 디자인하였다. 기존의 웹 페이지를 분석하여 구성된 컨텐츠를 기반으로 semantic block 을 추출하고, 기존의 레이아웃과 스타일 정보를 분석한 후 현재 환경에 최적의 형태로 컨텐츠를 요약하고 레이아웃, 스타일을 변경하여 재구성한다. 이렇게 재구성된 웹 페이지는 줌 인터페이스를 사용하여 사용자에게 정보의 양을 조정하여 보여준다. 즉, 사용자가 관심 있는 semantic block 을 선택하여 줌-인을 하면 해당 블록이 커지며 더 자세한 컨텐츠로 이루어진 내용을 볼 수 있고, 줌-아웃을 하면 해당 블록이 작아지면서 요약된 컨텐츠로 이루어진 내용을 볼 수 있다. TV 와 같이 큰 디스플레이의 경우 PC 보다 스크롤과 같은 조작을 하기 위해서는 더 많은 노력이 요구됨으로 사용자의 편의를 위해 가로 스크롤은 제거하고 세로 스크롤은 최소화하는 방식으로 채택하였다. 복잡하게 구성된 웹 페이지를 사용자가 원하는 컨텐츠에 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 요약된 컨텐츠로 재구성하고, TV 환경에 최적화된 레이아웃과 스타일을 제공하여 가독성과 심미성을 향상되도록 하였다.

Web pages with complex layout and small font size do not display well on large screen display such as TV because it has limited capabilities: long distance view, passive user attitude, limited input device like a legacy remote controller. We have designed and implemented new semantic zoom browsing facilities to support effective navigation on Internet-connected digital television with limited capabilities. Our browser performs partitioning of an HTML document content into semantic blocks. Semantic blocks present summarized information with more readable style and modified layout for optimal reading and browsing. Individual blocks can be selected by the user and zoomed in more detail information by the user. The scrolling on large display device needs more user interaction. Our browser modifies the layout of an HTML document with removing horizontal scrolling and minimizing vertical scrolling. This method allows users to easily view the web page by converting into optimal reading style and layout and to easily seek the information just with zooming.

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school students' conceptions of gas and analyse the type of alternative conceptions of gas which students constructed. To appreciate the conceptions formed by elementary school students on this topic, 173 sixth grade students from an elementary school located in Suwon participated in this study. Additionally, their conceptions and their alternative conceptions of gas represented by the questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaires consisted of 11 questions related to the conception of gas. To analyze the types of alternative conceptions which presented themselves, constructed prototypes were generated by interviewing the students themselves. From our results, we suggest that sixth grade elementary school students have various conceptions of gas and tend to think that gas is weighty, and that gaseous volume decreases by pressure. However, their conceptions of gas melting in water were very low, as only about 16% of students were aware of this scientific conception. Students who did not understand precisely the conception of the nature of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen were over 20%. The results of the interviews showed that the construction of alternative conceptions of gas was affected by various and complex causes.

1. Objectives This study aims to evaluate newly developing Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Questionnaire for accuracy and efficiency. 2. Methods Three hundred and twenty eight patients from 4 multi centers are involved in this study. Excluding 16 constitution-unidentified patients and 2 Taeyang-in patients, 310 patients' questionnaires are analyzed statistically by their constitutions. 3. Results Sixty one questions are statistically significant in whole 229 questions of Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Questionnaire. We have selected 30 questions from 61 questions by comparing total data from 4 multi centers with those of each center. Thirty questions are made up of 10 body shape questions, 10 appearance questions, 5 character questions and 5 symptom questions. 3. Conclusions There might be needs for revision of character and symptom questions. From results, we suggest to diagnose Sasang Constitution for screening by short-form questionnaire consisted of questions on body shapes and appearances.

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to find the difference of ordinary and pathological symptoms according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods We recruited 418 subjects in the five oriental hospitals and researched normal symptoms and illness ones through a paper, who were diagnosed by the Sasang Constitution specialist in oriental hospital, who had remarkable improvement in their chief complain after Sasang Constitution medication. 3. Results 1) In ordinary symptoms, amount, speed and appetite items of Digestion are significantly different according to Sasang Constitution statistically(p<0.05). Feeling after evacuation of Feces, feeling after urination and yellow color of Urine, amount, feeling after sweat, location in hand/feet of Sweat, and in the others, Tireness in head, Drinking water, sensitivity, coldness in hand/feet, warmness in belly of Coldness/Warmness are also significantly different(p<0.05). 2) In pathological symptoms, palpitation, swelling and lack of appetite items are significantly different according to Sasang Constitution statistically(p<0.05). 3) In diseases, Hypertension and DM items are significantly different according to Sasang Constitution statistically(p<0.05). 4. Conclusions There were significantly difference items in ordinary, pathological symptoms and diseases according to Sasang Constitution.

수량 연관규칙은 대량의 데이터베이스에 존재하는 데이터 중 수량적 속성이 강한 데이터를 항목으로 만들어 이진 연관규칙에 적용한다. 만약 중요한 의미를 내포하는 수량 데이터의 정의역 범위가 넓을 경우 정의역을 최소지지도에 만족하는 적정 구간으로 분할하여 빈발구간 항목을 생성하는 작업이 필요하다. 이러한 빈발구간 항목은 어떻게 생성되었느냐에 따라 생성된 규칙의 신뢰도에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 빈발구간 항목을 효율적으로 생성하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 기존 방법들에 비해 의미가 있는 구간을 분실하지 않고 최소지지도에 근접하는 세밀한 빈발구간을 생성하기 때문에 데이터가 가진 특성의 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 효율적인 방법이다. 또한 병합이 불필요한 곳에서는 병합을 시도하지 않고 빈도가 높은 구간만을 취해 병합하므로 수량의 정의역이 넓을 경우 기존 방법에 비해 실행속도가 월등히 빠른 효율적인 방법이다. 그리고 인구센서스와 같은 실제로 사용되는 데이터를 이용하여 클루닉스 HPC 시스템에서 병렬처리 수행을 통하여 제안 방법이 우수함을 보였다.

Quantitative association rules apply a binary association to the data which have the relatively strong quantitative attributions in a large database system. When a domain range of quantitative data which involve the significant meanings for the association is too broad, a domain requires to be divided into a proper interval which satisfies the minimum support for the generation of large interval items. The reliability of formulated rules is enormously influenced by the generation of large interval items. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method to efficiently generate the large interval items. The proposed method does not lose any meaningful intervals compared to other existing methods, provides the accurate large interval items which are close to the minimum support, and minimizes the loss of characteristics of data. In addition, since our method merges data where the frequency of data is high enough, it provides the fast run time compared with other methods for the broad quantitative domain. To verify the superiority of proposed method, the real national census data are used for the performance analysis and a Clunix HPC system is used for the parallel processing.