Earticle

Purpose: This study attempted to present a strategy to increase behavioral vaccination intention by identifying factors affecting parents' intention to have their children vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by applying the modified theory of planned behavior. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 146 parents of children aged 5 to 17 from August 1 to 30, 2022, and, as a result, 146 data were analyzed. The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between parents' attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention for children's COVID-19 vaccination was analyzed using the Process Macro (10,000 bootstrapping, 95% confidence interval), and a simple slope analysis was performed to identify differences by group. Results: The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control was statistically significant in the relationship between parent's attitude and subjective norms for COVID-19 vaccination and behavioral intention. In the simple slope analysis, the reinforcement effect was greatest when the level of perceived behavioral control was high. Conclusion: Since vaccination is most likely when recommended by healthcare providers, it is necessary to ensure that health education through community health experts or mass media can be effectively conducted. In particular, objective information on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccinations for children, including monitoring of potential side-effects, should be actively reported.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms among dental hygienists. Methods: This survey of dental hygienists was conducted in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. Total of 198 dental hygienists were interviewed in 2014. The occupational stress was evaluated by depression symptoms, which was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory Scale. To estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals, logistic regression model was used. Results: Depressive symptoms were reported 46.0%(n=91) among dental hygienists. We found that the work-related stress increased with age, smoking(OR=5.16; 95% CI 1.73-15.3), and those who had the poor perceived health status(OR=4.22; 95% CI=1.50-11.86) was associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. After controlling potential confounders, such as dental hospital(OR=11.05; 95% CI=1.02-118.9), 5-7 years time since first employment(OR=0.15; 95% CI=0.03-0.89), and the group with the high job stress(OR=2.84; 95% CI=1.22-6.79) showed higher risks of depressive symptoms than did no depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the risk of depression appears to be related to age, smoking, self-reported health status, type of dental facility, years of practice and the stress of job.

본 논문에서는 보안의 문제가 발생 할 경우 앱보다 치명적일 수 있는 운영체제 무결성에 대한 검증 기법에 대해 연구하였다.최근 스마트폰의 보급은 급속도로 발전하고 있으며, PC와 유사한 서비스를 제공하는 단계까지 왔다. 그리고 그에 따르는 보안 위협도 PC와 유사한 부분이 많다. 최근의 모바일 네트워크 환경에서 단말기의 루트 권한 탈취 및 운영체제 위변조 등에 의한 피해가 날로 늘어나고 있는 추세이며 이를 종합적으로 대응할 수 있는 시스템에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 모바일 위협에 대한 피해를 막기 위한 방법으로 운영체제의 무결성을 검사하는 방법이 사용되기도 한다. 무결성 검증 알고리즘은 운영체제 부팅 이전 레벨에서의 검증과 제어권이 운영체제로 넘어간 시점에서의 검증으로 구분될 수 있다. 무결성 검증은 앱 무결성과 운영체제 무결성으로 나뉘어 볼 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 부트로더와 단말기 내부의 물리적으로 독립된 저장장치를 이용하여 운영체제의 무결성을 검증하는 기법을 제안하였다.

In this paper, we study the verification techniques for OS integrity that can be more fatal than applications in case of security issues. The dissemination of smartphones is rapidly progressing and there are many similarities of smartphones and PCs in terms of security risks. Recently, in mobile network environment, there is a trend of increasing damages and now, there are active researches on a system that can comprehensively respond to this. As a way to prevent these risks, integrity checking method on operation system is being researched. As most integrity checking algorithms are classified by verification from the levels before booting the OS and at the time of passing on the control to the OS, in which, there are minor differences in the definitions of integrity checking or its methods. In this paper, we suggests the integrity verification technique of OS using a boot loader and a physically independent storing device in the mobile device.

Laminitis is a common horse disease that causes pain and disability. One of the major causes of laminitis is carbohydrate overload, which leads to the overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria and subsequent toxemia. This study was performed to establish an experimental model of acute phase laminitis. A horse was fed with a bolus dose of oligofructose, examined for clinical signs and blood parameters, and euthanized for necropsy and histopathology. After administration, the horse exhibited clinical signs including watery feces, inappetence, severe lameness, pyrexia and tachycardia. Complete blood count showed increased hematocrit, lymphocytosis and neutropenia. Serum chemistry revealed hyperglycemia, hyperproteinemia, high level of glutamic oxalate transaminase, creatinine, uric acid and mild hyponatremia. Histologically, the lamina tissue was edematous with mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that oligofructose-induced laminitis in horse is an appropriate model for studying pathogenesis of acute phase laminitis.

본 연구는 기술창업기업의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이는 기술창업기업의 성과 향상을 위하여 기업가는 물론 정책적 차원에서 어떤 노력을 하여야 하는가를 제시하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 우리나라 창업보육센터 입주기업을 대상으로 기술창업기업의 기업가 특성, 기술능력 및 네트워크 특성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 검증 결과 기업가 특성 중 성취욕구, 사회적 역량 및 관련 산업경험은 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었다. 기술능력은 기술창업 기업의 핵심 자원으로 확인되고 있으나 객관적인 기술을 많이 보유 한다고 높은 성과를 예측할 수는 없다. 네트워크 특성이 성과에 유의미한 긍정적이 효과를 보이고 있으나 활용에는 효율적인 접근의 필요성이 보인다. 기업가 특성 중 기술과 네트워크 특성을 통해 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 매개효과는 매개경로의 차이와 영향의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

So many researchers have been interested in key success factors of technological start-ups. However, even previous studies have focussed on key success factors, as their findings have not been consistent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of technological start-ups' performance. The first aim of this study is intended to explores impact of entrepreneurs' characteristics, technological capabilities and network on firm performance. The second aim is to examine the causal relationships among latent variables with firm performance and with the use of path analysis. For this study, information has been gathered through surveys from entrepreneurs of 701 Korean technological start-up companies. As for analysis of the data, SPSS 18.0 OK for Windows and AMOS 4.0 were used for testing of hypothesis. Results of the hypothesis testing are summarized as follows: First, it was found that entrepreneurs' characteristics, technological capabilities and network had statistically significant influence on firm performance. Second, entrepreneurs' characteristics had significant influence on technological capabilities and network. Third, network did not have significant influence on technological capabilities. The major contributions of this study are (1) identifying the determinants on firm performance of technology-based start-ups by means of structural equation model, (2) verifying effects on firm performance of technology-based start-ups by the variables.

본 연구는 경주 포항지역 거주민을 대상으로 한국 전통음식에 대한 인식 및 지식 정도를 살펴보고, 지역 거주민들에게 한국 전통음식에 대해 올바르게 인식하도록 함으로써 한국 전통음식을 계승, 발전시키기 위한 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 본 연구는 모집단의 표본추출방법으로 경주와 포항지역 거주민을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 설문지는 총 500부를 배포하여 468부(회수율 93.6%)를 회수하였고, 응답이 불성실한 설문지 16부를 제외하고 경주지역이 227부, 포항지역이 225부로 총 452부(90.4%)를 통계 처리하여 분석에 이용하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 남성들은 대체적으로 일품 요리를 선호하였으며, 여성들은 김치, 밥, 죽, 국수 등의 음식을 선호하였다. 둘째, 경상북도 경주 포항지역 거주민들이 가장 대표적으로 생각하는 한국 전통음식은 단연 '김치', 불고기, 비빔밥의 순으로 나타났으며, 셋째, 한국 전통음식에 대한 긍정적 인지도를 살펴본 결과, 남성에 비해 여성의 전통음식에 대한 인지도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 대응일치분석을 통해서 한국 전통음식 요인과 연령/교육 수준/월평균 소득 간의 상호 관련성을 알아보았다. 이런 결과에 기초하여 한국 전통음식은 대중화되어 보다 친숙하고 보편적인 음식으로 빠르게 변해야 하며, 변화하는 입맛에 따라 다양한 전통음식과 관련된 다양한 상품 개발이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness and knowledge on Korean traditional food among the residents in Gyeongju and Pohang area and develop and maintain it. 452 copies of a questionnaire were surveyed and analyzed statistically. The research findings were as follows. Firstly, males prefer a la Carte menu while females prefer kimchi, bab(boiled rice) juk(rice-gruel), guksu(noodles) and mandu(dumplings). Secondly, the residents favor kimchi, bulgogi and bibimbab with assorted mixtures. Thirdly, comparing the positive perception of Korean traditional food between males and females, females were more aware of traditional food and informed than males. Lastly, correspondence analysis showed that thirties prefer bab, tang(soup) and guksu while forties gu-i(roast) & jeon(panfried food) with seasonings and fifties kimchi & jang(sauce and paste). Also, high school graduates prefer eumcheong & han-gwa while college graduates bab, tang, and guksu. The residents whose monthly incomes are under W1,000,000 favor bab, tang and guksu, and those who earn over W5,000,000 per month favor kimchi & jang. The higher educational levels and incomes were, the higher qualitative factors were evaluated. Based on those findings, Korean traditional food should be generalized and more kinds of its menu should be developed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the dietary habits and oral health of elderly people in an attempt to pave the way for the development of oral health promotion programs geared toward improving the quality of life of the elderly. The subjects in this study were senior citizens who were selected by convenience sampling from Seoul. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Regarding subjective oral health state, 54.5% of the elderly people, more than the half, considered their mouth to be in good health. The number of their mean remaining permanent teeth was 13.71. 47.5 percent of the senior citizens investigated had no shaking teeth. 2. Those who found themselves to be in good oral health had meals on a regular basis(p=0.022) and ate detergent food often. The gaps between them and the others was significant(p=0.005). In contrast, the elderly people who were in a bad oral health frequently ate cariogenic food(p=0.044). 3. The elderly people who had 21 teeth or more ate detergent food often(p=0.029), and those who owned no teeth had a sweet teeth(p=0.003), ate more cariogenic food(p=0.001) and had a snack frequently(p=0.026). 4. The subjective oral health status had a positive correlation to detergent food intake(r=0.23) and had a slightly negative correlation to preference for sweets(r=-0.14), cariogenic food intake(r=-0.14) and snack intake(r=-0.06). The number of tooth was positively correlated to detergent food intake(r=0.23) and negatively to preference for sweets(r=0.32), cariogenic food intake(r=-0.30) and snack intake(r=-0.21). The presence or absence of shaking teeth had a positive correlation to snack intake(r=0.14). The above-mentioned findings suggested that the dietary habits of the elderly people had a statistically significant relationship to subjective and objective oral health state, which indicated that there was a close relationship between oral health and dietary habits. Therefore how to improve dietary habits as well as oral health should be taken into account when oral health promotion programs are developed for the sake of the elderly. That would contribute to promoting the oral health of elderly people and eventually boosting their quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health status and oral health care of adults using dental clinics and the relationship between their oral health state and oral health care. The subjects in this study were 219 patients who visited dental clinics in Gyeonggi province between February and April 2008. A dental checkup and survey were implemented, and SPSS 12.0 program was utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The DT, MT and FT rates of the respondents who used oral hygiene supplies respectively stood at 30.7, 24.6 and 24.6 percent, which were all low. The gaps between them and the others were statistically significant. The DMFT index of the users of oral hygiene supplies was 12.3, which was high, but the difference between them and the others was not statistically significant. 2. The DT rate of those who got a dental checkup on a regular basis stood at 20.8 percent, which was low. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant. Both the MT and FT rates of the former numbered 28.8 percent, which was low, but the gap between them and the others was statistically insignificant. The DMFT index of the respondents who got a regular dental checkup was 12.8, which was high, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. 3. The DT and FT rates of respondents who had ever had their teeth scaled respectively stood at 24.6 and 27.1 percent, which were both low, and the differences between them and the others were statistically significant. The MT rate of the former was 27.1 percent, which was low, but the gap between them and the others was statistically insignificant. The DMFT index of those who had ever had their teeth scaled was 12.2, which was high, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. The above mentioned findings suggested that there was a very close relationship between oral health care and oral health status. Therefore people in general should be encouraged to pay more attention to their own oral health care, and they should be well informed about how to take care of the oral cavity to promote their oral health.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main factors that affect turnover of Dental Hygienists so that it leads to preventing high turnover and long-term service in their position. Data were obtained from 112 dental hygienists who are currently working for dental clinics from September 17th 2007 to October 16th 2007 via questionnaires. For this study, the demographic factors and unique characteristics of Dental Hygienists are considered as well as all the variables of statistic. The results derived from using SPSS 11.0 are as follows: 1. The average of job related factors is 2.55 point, the average of job satisfaction is 2.59 point, the average of salary related factor is 2.24 point and the average of changing their occupation is 2.85 point. 2. The difference between the factors related to age and changing their occupation shows the highest level on job related factors.(pM0.033) in the age between 26 and 30. 3. Dental Hygienists who are in their occupation for 6years to 9 years answer that salary would be the main reason to change their jobs. 4. For married dental hygienists, salary related factor is the main reason to make them change their occupation.(pM0.002)

감시정찰 센서네트워크의 모든 센서노드 및 싱크노드들은 한정된 자원과 저사양의 하드웨어로 동작하며, 각 침입탐지 센서들이 수집한 상황 데이터를 신뢰성 있게 전송할 수 있어야 한다. 본 초소형 내장소프트웨어는 이러한 감시정찰 센서네트워크의 특성에 맞게 설계되어 센서 및 싱크노드에 탑재될 수 있는 소프트웨어로서, 센서 OS 커널, 센서미들웨어, 보안커널로 구성된다. 센서 OS는 Multithread 기반으로 실시간, 비실시간 태스크를 위한 각기 다른 스케줄링 방식을 제공하며 지연된 인터럽트 처리 기능, 주기적 태스킹 기능과 효율적 에너지 관리 기능을 제공하여 센서 네트워크에 특화된 어플리케이션 개발을 용이하게끔 한다. 또한 센서미들웨어는 OS 커널과 어플리케이션 사이에 존재하여 위치인식, 시간동기, 네트워크 관리, 원격 업데이트 기능 등 어플리케이션에서 공통적으로 요구하는 필수 기능들을 제공한다.

In this study, an investigation was done into service quality factors of infant education institutes, after which a positive verification was made in the rotation of cause and effect between service quality, service value and customer satisfaction. Based on this verification, strategies were presented for plans to improve the service qualify of infant education. In addition, identification was made into factors that affect customer satisfaction, re-registration intention and recommendation to others in putting forward service operational strategies for infant education institutes and making a comparative analysis on kindergartens and daycare centers.

In this study, an investigation was done into service qualify factors of infant education Institutes, after which a positive verification was made in the relation of cause and effect between service quality, service value and customer satisfaction. Based on this verification, strategies were presented for plans to improve the service quality of infant education. In addition, identification was made into factors that affect customer satisfaction, re-registration intention and recommendation to others in putting forward service operational strategies for infant education institutes and making a comparative analysis on kindergartens and daycare centers.

This study investigated the satisfaction level of aged patients over sixty five years old or over who were treated in a dental hospital or clinic in the metropolitan area. The difference in satisfaction level by general characteristics of aged patients and characteristics related to the treatment as well as the correlation of satisfaction level by each factors with the overall satisfaction level of the treatment were analyzed, resulting as follows. 1. Satisfaction level of dentures by each factors resulted as following. Average general satisfaction level marked $3.47{\pm}0.74$, average functional satisfaction level marked $2.66{\pm}0.83$, and aesthetic satisfaction level marked $3.78{\pm}0.65$. 2. There were no significant difference in general and functional satisfaction level by each factors from the population statistic of the participants. Aesthetic satisfaction level differed by the educational background(p=0.01). 3. There were no significant difference in general and aesthetic satisfaction level by the oral health condition as well as the treatment quality. Functional satisfaction level differed by the oral health condition(p=0.01). 4. The correlation of satisfaction level by each factors with the overall satisfaction level of the treatment differed as follows. In case each factors were satisfactory, the overall result of the treatment marked satisfactory as well. However, in case each factors were dissatisfactory, the overall result of the treatment marked dissatisfactory showing difference with the above result(p=0.000). 5. Each factor showed statistically positive correlation. Functional satisfaction level and general satisfaction level showed the highest correlation(r=0.677).

Background: A nerve ligation injury may produce a tactile allodynia. The effects of intrathecally delivered lamotrigine on allodynia induced due to fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves ligation in rats, using lumbar intrathecal catheters were examined. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 160-180 g) were prepared by tightly ligating the fifth and sixth left lumbar spinal nerves, with the implantation of a chronic intrathecal catheter for drug administration. Mechanical allodynia and allodynic threshold were measured using von Frey filaments and the updown method, respectively. After the baseline hind paw withdrawal thresholds had been obtained, lamotrigine (10, 30, 100 and $300{\mu}g$) was administered intrathecally. Thereafter, the dose-response curves and 50% effective dose ($ED_{50}$) were obtained. Motor dysfunction was assessed by observing the righting/stepping reflex responses and abnormal weight bearing. Results: Intrathecal administration of lamotrigine produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic action ($ED_{50}=61.7{\mu}g$). Mild motor weakness was observed with $300{\mu}g$ lamotrigine, but no severe motor impairment was found. Conclusions: It is suggested that intrathecal lamotrigine could produce moderate antagonism of mechanical allodynia at the spinal level in a rat neuropathic pain model with minimal motor weakness.

The aim of this paper is to show what are the sociolinguistic variables of word-initial length loss in Seoul dialect. 350 people were inquired to pronounce 40 words. Among the informants, 152 were male, and 198 were female. In terms of their age, 49 were twenties, 70 were thirties, 69 were forties, 71 were fifties, and 91 were above sixties. According to our statistics, 18 words show sociolinguistic variation by age, and sex was not a variable. So we can conclude that Seoul dialect is undergoing length loss by age at least. But we need to enlarge the number of words and informants and we also need to adopt other variables like social level, education etc for better understanding of Seoul dialect.

The aim of this paper is to show what are the sociolinguistic variables of length loss in Seoul dialect. 350 people were inquired to pronunce 40words. Among the informants, 152 were male, and198 were female. In terms of their age, 49 were twenties, 70 were thirties, 69 were forties, 71 were fifties, and 91 were above sixties. According to our statistics, 18 words show sociolinguistic variation by age, and sex was not a variable. So we can conclude that Seoul dialect is undergoing length loss by age at least. But we need to enlarge the number of words and informants and we also need to adopt other variables.

연구배경: 결핵성 흉막염은 항결핵요법만으로 치료가 잘되므로 일반적으로 진단적 흉수천자이외에 흉막염의 적극적 배액은 불필요하다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 항결핵요법 후에도 흉막박피술등의 처치가 필요할 정도로 흉막비후가 오는 경우를 비교적 흔히 접하게 된다. 이에 저자들은 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에게 경피적 도관을 이용한 유로키나제 치료로 적극적 배액을 시도한 경우와 진단적 흉수천자와 항결핵요법으로 치료한 경우 흉막비후의 차이가 있는지에 대한 비교연구를 함으로서, 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에서 유로키나제에 의한 흉막비후에 대한 치료효과를 결정하고 자하였다. 방 법: 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염으로 확진된 37명의 환자를 대상으로 전향적 무작위연구로 16명의 유로키나제군(경피적 도관을 삽입 후 유로키나제 투여+항결핵제 투여)과 21명의 비유로키나제군(항결핵제 투여)으로 나누어, 두군 환자들의 치료전 후의 흉부사진으로 흉막비후(RPT) 을 관찰하였으며, 또한 두 군의 진단당시 임상상 및 흉막액의 백혈구수, pH, 혈당, 단백질, LDH, ADA를 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) 유로키나제군과 비유로카나제군의 흉막비후는 각각 $5.08{\pm}6.77$ mm와 $20.32{\pm}26.37$ mm로, 유로키나제군에서 흉막비후가 유의하게 적었다(P<0.05). 2) 두 군의 흉막비후에(RPT$\geq$10 mm) 영향을 미치는 임상적 지표 중 흉통, 발열, 호흡곤란 등 치료 전 증상 발현기간이 흉막비후가(RPT$\geq$10 mm) 있는 경우(평균 $5.23{\pm}3.89$ 주)가 흉막비후가 없는 경우(평균 $2.63{\pm}1.99$ 주)보다 의의 있게 길었다(p<0.05). 3) 흉막비후(RPT는 10 mm)의 예측인자로 흉수액 천자검사에서 백혈구수, pH, 혈당, 단백질, LDH, ADA등은 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에서 항결핵제 치료 와 함께 유로키나제를 이용한 흉막액의 적극적 배액시 흉막비후의 후유증을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion responds well to the anti-tuberculosis agents in general, so no further aggressive therapeutic managements to drain the tuberculous effusion is necessary except in case of diagnostic thoracentesis. But in clinical practice, we often see some patients who later decortication need due to dyspnea caused by pleural thickening despite the completion of anti-tuberculosis therapy in the patients with tuberculous effusion. Especially, the patients with loculated tuberculous effusion might have increased chance of pleural thickening after treatment. The purpose of this study was that intrapleural urokinase instillation could reduce the pleural thickening in the treatment of loculated tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods: Thirty-seven patients initially diagnosed as having loculated tuberculous pleural effusion were randomly assigned to receive either the combined treatment of urokinase instillation and anti-tuberculosis agents(UK group) and anti-tuberculosis agents(Non-UK group) alone. The 16 patients in UK group received a single radiographically guided pig-tail catheter ranging in size from 10 to 12 French. 100,000 units of urokinase was dissolved in 150 ml of normal saline and instilled into the pleural cavity via pig-tail catheter every day, also this group was treated with anti-tuberculosis agents. While the 21 patients in Non-UK group were treated with anti-tuberculosis agents only except diagnostic thoracentesis. Then we evaluated the residual pleural thickening after treatment for their loculated tuberculous pleural effusion between the two groups. Also the duration of symptoms and the pleural fluid biochemistry like WBC counts, pH, lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), glucose, proteins, and adenosine deaminase(ADA) were compared. Results: 1) The residual pleural thickening(RPT)($5.08{\pm}6.77$ mm) of UK group was significantly lower than that($20.3222{\pm}26.37$ mm) of Non-UK group(P<0.05). 2) The duration of symptoms before anti-tuberculosis drug therapy of patients with RPT$\geq$10 mm($5.23{\pm}3.89$ wks) was significantly longer than the patients with RPT<10 mm($2.63{\pm}1.99$ wks)(P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the pleural fluid findings like WBC count, glucose, LDH, proteins, pH, ADA between the patients with RPT$\geq$10 mm and the patients with RPT<10 mm. Conclusion : The treatment of loculated tuberculous pleural effusion with the urokinase instillation via percutaneous transthoraic catheter was effective to reduce the pleural thickening.

저자 등은 만성적으로 반복되는 호흡기 감염 증상과 흉부 X-선 검사상 침윤 소견을 보여온 우폐중엽 증후군 환자에서 기관지경을 통해 기관지 폐쇄를 일으킨 이(泥)형질의 결석을 제거하였고, 여기에서 Aspergillus를 분리함으로써 확진된 Aspergillus에 의한 기관지 결석 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

Broncholith is a calcified lymph node which partially or completely erodes into the bronchial lumen and broncholithiasis is a relatively rare condition which related to late tissue response to healing granulomatous pulmonary infections, most commonly histoplasmosis or tuberculosis. The prominent symptoms of broncholithiasis are coughing followed by hemoptysis and symptoms related to bronchial obstruction. The complications include bronchoesophageal fistula and aortotracheal fistula. We report one case of broncholithiasis caused by Aspergillus. The case was a 53 year-old house wife whose chief complaints were recurrent fever, chill and malaise. The chest film revealed an avoid hazziness on the right middle lobe and chest cr scan showed consolidation of lateral segment of right middle lobe with calcified small low attenuated lesion in right middle lobe bronchus. Aspergillosis confirmed by pathology after bronchoscopic removal of impacted Aspergillus containing muddy plug from lateral segmental branch of right middle lobe bronchus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the amounts of unpolished glutinous rice flour with green tea powder difference of adding amount on the sensory and objective characteristics of Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi which is KOREAN TRADITIONAL RICE CAKE supplemented with green tea. The results were as follow : According to sensory evaluation of Heunmi-injulmi, the score of the color, flavor, chewiness, and overall of adding green tea were higher than those of no-adding green tea, especially the best acceptance was shown in adding 2% green tea. The more the amount of green tea powder was increased, the more the hardness and gumminess of Heumni-injulme was increased in the textural profiles, whereas the cohesiveness and elasicity of those was decreased. The moisture content of Heunmi-injulme adding green tea powder was ranged to 42-45%, and it was increased as the amount of green tea powder be increased. The more the amount of adding green tea powder was increased, the more yellow and green color was changed darker and stronger. Refer to this study with the advisable recipe for as follow : Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi adding 294g(98%) unpolished glutinous rice flour and 6g(2%) green tea powder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the amounts of unpolished glutinous rice flour with green tea powder difference of adding method on the sensorty and objective characteristics of Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi which is KOREAN TRADITIONAL CAKE supplemented with green tea. The results were as follow: According to sensory evaluation of Heunmi-injulmi adding twice infused green tea powder, the acceptance was the bast in the hardness, moistness, chewiness, and overall quality when adding 6% green tea. The more the amount of two infused green tea power was increased, the more the hardness of Heunmi-injulmi was increased in the gextural profiles, whereas the cohesiveness, elasticity, and chewiness of those was decreased. The moisture content of Heunmi-injulmi adding infused green tea powder was ranged to 41-44%, and it was decreased as the amount of two infusedgreen tea powder be increased. The more the amount of adding green tea powder was increased, the more yellow and green color was changed darker and stronger. The Overall quality in the sensory measurement of Heunmi-injulmi adding two infused green tea powder had positive correlation with Adhesiveness in the measurement of food testing machine. Refer to this study with the advisable recipe for Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi as follow : Heunmi-nokcha-injulmi adding 282g(94%) unpolished glutinous rice flour and 18g (6%) two infused green tea powder.