Earticle

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between anaerobic reserve (AR) and anaerobic capabilities. Seven elite wrestling athletes(n＝8, height: 171.9±5.2, weight: 80.4±11.8) were participated in this study. Anaerobic reserve(AR) was measured by critical power(CP) test, and anaerobic capabilities by Wingate anaerobic test(Lode BV, Excalibur Sport, Netherlands). Results of test of four times at different intensity respectively that AR was showed 49751.38 ± 6436.88 Joule, There were significantly high correlations of AR with Wingate various(r＝W5: .738, W10: .851, W20: .899, W30: .803). In addition, the step wise multiple regression analysis revealed that W20 contribute significantly to predicting AR (80.8%). Accordingly, the results of the study demonstrated that the CP test is a reliability and validity method for the measurement of anaerobic capacities in the college wrestling players.

This study is intended to explore the interface between dance art and culture and art welfare policy for the physically challenged, and furthermore, to suggest the ways in which the quality of their life can be enhanced by means of dance performing activities. To accomplish these objectives, I would like to look into three major points: first and foremost, overviewing the trends and shifts of culture and art welfare policy for the physically challenged; secondly, exploring the ways in which dance performing activities are conducive to quality of life for the physically challenged; and eventually, considering, from the perspective of public welfare, how to vitalize dance performances for the physically challenged. The results of research can be summed up as follows. To date, in the discussion of culture and art welfare policy for the physically challenged, cultural welfare has been by and large neglected, as ‘culture’ tended, more often than not, to be regarded as ‘beneficiary’. As of now, however, it becomes increasingly important to set and put into practice culture and art welfare policy for the physically challenged. When it comes to the physically challenged, the experience of physical activities through dance performing activities, which is supposed to develop their potential to the full extent, will help them acquire a balanced and integrated sense of self, at physical, mental and spiritual levels. With this in mind, I would like to propose some possible ways of activating dance performances for the physically challenged, which are as follows; first, setting culture and art welfare policy for the physically challenged; second, organizing a committee for dance art for the physically challenged, which is expected to support and implement relevant activities; third, suggesting the establishment of performing arts theatres for the physically challenged; finally, encouraging art and culture exchanges between the handicapped and non-handicapped dancers.

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the winter exercise program on body composition and basal fitness, health related index in collegiate ski players. The subjects were participated in this study who ski players male 7, female 5 in K university The result was not change in weight, but significantly 1.16% reduced body fat(p<.05), Body mass .77 (kg) increased (p<.01), BMI was 0.54 (kg/m2) increased (p<.01) too, and the girth of thigh 1.15 (cm) increased (p<.01). Basal fitness were not change back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility but significantly in equilibrium was 3.54 sec increased (p<.01), and 1,000m run was about reduced 10sec (p<.01). And the case of health related that Total cholesterol was 2.38 (mg/dl) reduced (p<.05), HDL-c 1.55 (mg/dl) increased (p<.01) but LDL-c 3.85 (mg/dl) reduced (p<.05). But Triglyceride (TG) was not change. In conclusion, long time’s winter training was significant change ski players body composition, health related index, but basal fitness was not only significant change in equilibrium, cardiopulmonary.

The purpose of this study is to observe the education process of physical education department through an analysis on the education processes of physical education departments in college. The expert group, who are panel that has very important role in this study as answering poll, are four professors majoring in physical education. four PHD researchers majoring in physical education department in college. Following are the conclusions from the verifying the results. First, it analysed the education process of the physical education department. Second, the factors that were mentioned above by experts which are discipline-centered curriculum, leader-centered curriculum, field-centered curriculum, deepen education, outdoor education, rhythm education, physical education were evaluated as structurely suitable. Third, the education process of physical education that were mentioned above by experts which are basics education, theory of sport field leader, practice of sport field leader, season sport, health and fitness were evaluated as structurely suitable.

This study was to identify the effect of unloading high-velocity pedaling training on cycling power. The subjects of university cyclist were divided to experimental group(EG; n＝3) and control group(CG; n＝3). Training methods of EG were included the graded loading(start 110rpm and graded 10rpm each 1min to all-out) and the maximal effort after steady state(140rpm for 3min and maximal pedaling for 1min) 4day/week, 3time/day for 8weeks. Maximal pedaling for 5min and 1min were tested to compare training effect. Two test has variables included cycling velocity(CV; km/h), absolute power(AP; watts), relative power(RP; watts/kg), cadence(rpm), pedaling velocity(PV; m/s) and total cycling distance (TCD; m). Change ratio of variables used (pre-test/post-test)/post-test x 100, independent t-test and effect size (ES; ‘0.8＝ large’, ‘0.5＝medium’, ‘0.2＝small’). CV, AP and RP of EG have significantly higher improvement ratio(p＝.024, p＝.014, p＝.008 respectively) and appeared over “medium” of effect size in endurance cycling power for 5min. Also, CV, AP, RP and TCD of EG have significantly higher improvement ratio(p＝.014, p＝.013, p＝.012, p＝.012) and appeared over “medium” of effect size in complex cycling power for 1min. In conclusion, unloading high- velocity training may be has positive effect for performance of cyclist.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of physical education teacher’s teaching style on the class satisfaction of middle school students. By scienfitic and statistic verification, I get these conclusions. First, it was found that there was partial difference in physical education teacher’s teaching style according to general characteristics(gender, grade) of middle school students. In physical education teacher’s teaching style, male students were found to be higher than female students in the styles of teaching & directing, democratic behavior, social support behavior, and positive behavior but only in the style of social support behavior, significant difference were shown. Second, there seemed to exist partially significant difference in class satisfaction by general characteristics(gender, grade) of middle school students. In satisfaction of middle school students with physical education class, male students were indicated to be higher than female students in the class satisfaction but it was not statistically significant. Physical education marks showed significant difference statistically and students in third grade were indicated to be higher than those in second grade. Third, it was indicated that middle school physical education teacher’s teaching style were indicated to have an partially significant influence on the class satisfaction. In the teachings style of physical education teacher, the styles of democratic and positive behavior were seemd to have an statistically significant influence on the satisfaction with teaching behavior and the styles of teaching & directing and positive behavior were found to have an significant effect on the satisfaction with physical education environment. Additionally, the styles of teaching & directing and positive behavior were found to have an statistically significant effect on the satisfaction with physical education marks and the style of teaching & directing were seemed to have a significant influence on the satisfaction of physical performance. On the basis of the results above, it can be judged that it is necessary for physical education teachers to try harder with teaching & directing and positive behavior for more effective operation of physical education class and communication with students.

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic factors between two groups for Cross jump in balance beam. Six national female gymnasts participated in this study, and four digital cameras were used to capture motions for three dimensional analysis. The results were as follows: First, in the performance time, both groups showed a similar duration, but the support time of the skilled group was shorter than the less skilled group in P1, while the duration of a flight of the skilled group was longer than the less skilled group in P2 and P3. Second, the medial and lateral displacement of COG showed a similar change during a whole motion, but the less skilled group showed a posture that the COG translated to the support leg direction in landing phase of the P5. The horizontal distance of the skilled group was longer than the less skilled group in P2. And the takeoff and apex position of the skilled group showed higher than the less skilled group in the vertical displacement generally. Third, the horizontal velocity of the skilled group showed faster velocity than the less skilled group in takeoff of the support leg(E2) and landing(P5). And the vertical velocity of the skilled group showed faster upward and downward velocity than the less skilled group on the whole. Fourth, because the skilled group showed a posture that the knee and hip joint extended, the height COG of the skilled group was high and showed an effective cross motion in the flight phase of P3, P4 and a landing motion in landing phase of P5.

The purpose was to not only investigate the difference between the pilot test groups but also to find out what influence the perception-motor ability has on the pilot test group and have concluded as follows. First, the outcome of the research about the difference between the pilot test groups was that the superior group had faster perception speed than the average group(p<.01). The superior and average group had a more broad eye-hand coordination than the inferior group. Also the superior group had a higher (faster) prediction time than both of the other two groups. The average group had higher prediction time than the inferior group(p<.001). Second, it has been found that to the pilot test group, the perception-motor ability affects the perception speed by 3.4%, eye-hand coordination by 6.6% and prediction time by 89.0%. A proposal for follow-up studies from the conclusion above would be, first, because the research was conducted upon subjects which were limited to university students attending the department of aeronautical science, it would be unreasonable to generalize the outcome of this study. Therefore a more broad range of subjects should be chosen for generalization. Secondly, along with these findings, it would be a more in-depth study if complex studies such as numerous variables physical fitness, body composition, the relation with anxiety which are expected to affect the outcomes of the pilot test, and the affects of psychological aspects on the outcome of the pilot test are conducted together.

The purpose of this study was investigate effects of power walking exercise program after caffeine intake in rehabilitation treatment of female obese. The subjects were divided into caffeine intake and power walking group(n＝10) & power walking group(n＝10) for 10 weeks. The changes of FFA, Glucose, Lactic acid have been measured before and after 10 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: First, the FFA was significantly decreased difference within both in caffeine group(caffeine intake and power walking rehabilitation program group) and control group(power walking group) after 10 weeks. And there was significantly different between two groups. Second the Glucose was no significantly different within in caffeine group(caffeine intake and power walking rehabilitation program group), but control group(power walking group) was significantly different within in after 10 weeks. And there was no significantly difference between two groups. Third, the Lactic acid was significantly increased within in caffeine group(caffeine intake and power walking rehabilitation program group) but control group(power walking group) was no significantly different within in after 10 weeks. And there were significantly difference between two groups.

The Hwarang system as adolescents’ education in Shila composed of Hwaju(a national manager) and an organization of Kuksun-Hwarang, Sungrye-Nangdo, general Nangdo. And its members belonged to a Munho, who signed at the Hwangkwon(attendance book). They were taught physical training, entertainment, ethics, literature, song, and so on. This Hwarang system played a great role in training national human resources, as mentioned in Hwarangsegi by Kim Dae-Mun. Also, it is true that Shila people served highly the members of Hwarang, as mentioned in Shilagukgi by Yeong Ho-Jing(a scholar of Tang). On the other hand, the Hwarang system played an important role in connecting the tradition and the present of Shila at that time. That is to say, their activities had a function of national unity and communication. The education based on the Hwarang system was a play education such as music and travel, a cross-country trip on foot, a camping in a mountain and a field, a practice in martial arts for the war. Therefore, it is possible to say that in the Hwarang system, there were a lot of physical activities corresponding to today’s physical educations. And it is more alike Wandervogel in Germany. It is a voluntary movement of adolescents in which adolescents learned joy and anger together with sorrow and pleasure of life, wandering like a migratory bird. It is important to connect the traditional educational system into the educational circumstances today, adjusting to our educational realities, not discarding it just because it is old. The Hwarang system, as an educational system by which the adolescents have a subjectivity, a romance, and strong will, is full of suggestions. And it has a significance for today’s physical education and for adolescents who are fatigued with the education system that focuses only on college entrance exams and who suffer from loss of self-identity by depending totally on their parents. The fellowship, voluntary learning, camping life, a cross-country trip on foot of the members of the Hwarang system are a form of education that urgently needed today.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of participation in health exercise program on fitness, health promoting behavior and happiness for adolescents. The subjects of the study was taken from Y middle school students(men: 18, women: 12) in GangSeoGu area. Subjects participated in health exercise program for 12 weeks. As the dependent variables, fitness, health promoting behavior and happiness were measured at the baseline and after 12 weeks. To analyze the data, statistical techniques, such as Descriptive Statistical, Reliability Analysis, Frequency Analysis and Paired Samples t-test, were used and results are as follow. First, Adolescents’ participation in health exercise program has taken significant effects on the fitness. Second, Adolescents’ participation in health exercise program has not taken significant effects on the health promoting behavior. Third, Adolescents’ participation in health exercise program has not taken significant effects on the happiness.

The purpose of this study is to explore Health meaning and Changes in Physical Education. Implications in Physical Education, to present First, look at the meaning of the various health. Second, the teachers’ discussions suggested the direction of the health education. Analysis, the concept of health in physical education class focusing on the physical side of health awareness had a one-dimensional. In addition, health education, primarily through physical training or games or health information when it is raining in the classroom, including guidance to replace the occasional unsystematic and health education were conducted. Physical Education ‘healthy’ areas of holistic development and implementation of quality of life in order to Health is required a multidimensional concept of health in a holistic perspective and Health education is required a holistic development, a holistic system of knowledge, dialogue community, and spiritual direction of the change. Based on the holistic health perspective, health education should bean emphasis on the multidimensional and balanced. In addition, value-oriented in terms of health information should be included.

The research which sees there is to relationship of team cohesive force and community attachment morality of area Taekwondo demonstrative grade and verifies the mediation effect of affiliation feeling the goal there was. In order to attain like this research goal the Seoul Metropolitan Government 4 places, 267 people of area Taekwondo demonstrative grade of 4 places of the Kyonggi-Do area was a ticket collected goods. Used question and collected with afterwords drew a data, a same conclusion. First, the team cohesive force of area Taekwondo demonstrative grade affects partially in community attachment degree. Namely, group social cohesive force identity and personal social cohesive force dependency, the group social cohesive force and group subject cohesive force reach intimacy frost zero anti. Second, the team cohesive force of area Taekwondo demonstrative grade affects partially in affiliation feeling. Namely, group social cohesive force, group subject cohesive force social binding together feeling, the group social cohesive force affects in social firm belief feeling. Three, the result which verifies the mediation effect of affiliation feeling from relationship of team cohesive force and community attachment morality of area Taekwondo demonstrative grade, was a independent arm and subordinate arm humanity and justice the model of the effect which is direct affiliation feeling appeared with the fact that the verification power of one model and explanation power are bigger with mediation.

This study was aimed at finding out not only the innovative leadership and Taekwondo players’ enjoyment factors but also their relationship with the followership. For the subject of this study, players who attended ‘Taekwondo Competition for male․female high schoolers of the whole country in memory of 5.18 the public resistance of the whole country’ held by G metropolitan city were population and 309 male students and 137 female students which totaled 446 students were selected for the subject of the study by using Systematic Cluster Random Sampling. As the statistical method for this study, the following results were obtained by SPSS WIN Ver. 18.0 program for exploratory factor analysis and reliability assessment. First, there was a significant difference only in the followership at the age of instructors in the difference of innovative leadership, enjoyment and followership according to demographic characteristics. Second, it was found that there was significant correlation in all between enjoyment and followership, innovative leadership and enjoyment, innovative leadership and followership among each variable. Third, it was found that individual consideration and intellectual stimulation that are subfactors of innovative leadership, competency perception, practice and benefits that are subfactors of enjoyment had a significant effect. Looking at the level of contribution on the followership that is a subfactor of innovative leadership and enjoyment, it was found that there was an effect on the followership in the order of practice and benefits, competency perception, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perfectionism on achievement goal orientation and sport coping of tennis club members. The subjects of this study consisted of 343 tennis club members. The used instruments were the Hyun(1992) for measuring multidimensional perfectionism scale, the Kim(2001) for measuring achievement goal orientation scale, and the Yoo & Park(1998) for athlete sport coping scale. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis as a statistical method. The result of this study were as follows. First, the subscales of perfectionism, organization positively influenced to the task orientation, but doubts about action negatively influenced to that. And concern over mistakes positively influenced to ego orientation. Second, organization positively influenced to problem focused coping, but doubts about action and personal standards negatively influenced to that. And organization positively influenced to detached coping, but concern over mistakes and doubts about action negatively influenced to that. And organization negatively influenced to avoidance coping, but doubts about action positively influenced to that. And organization positively influenced to emotional focused coping. Third, both task orientation and ego orientation positively influenced to problem focused coping. And task orientation positively influenced to detached coping, but ego orientation negatively influenced to that. And task orientation negatively influenced to avoidance coping. And task orientation positively influenced to emotional focused coping, but ego orientation negatively influenced to that.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Korean basketball title sponsorship on brand image and brand awareness of sponsor corporation. For the study objects, with setting as a population spectators of Korean professional basketball league in Seoul, Anyang, and Incheon, survey was conducted targeting 442 of spectators with convenient sampling method and 410(92.8%) sets were used in real analysis with 32 sets excluded, which were judged to contain insincere answers or to be unreliable. For the data processing, SPSS 12.0 version was used with following statistical methods. The results are as follows. First, communication activities, image enhancing activities, and event contributing activities had an positive influence on a brand image. Second, communication activities, image enhancing activities, and event contributing activities had an positive influence on brand awareness. Third, a brand image had an positive influence on brand awareness.

The 235 questionnaire papers on men who participate in the aviation sports are used in this study. The method of obtaining the required data was, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The following were the main results. First, concerning the correlation between the interest in the participation in the sport and the intention to continue to participate in the sport, they showed all positive relation on every subordinate variable(p<.001). Second, concerning the effect of the interest in the participation in the sport on the intention to continue to participate in the sport, the effect on 32.9% of training competence, 20.2% of training habit, 14.8% of sport environment, 9.7% of interest in the sport, and 19.5% of friends in the sport were shown (p<.001).

The purpose of this study was to understand what influence participation motive has on leisure satisfaction and continuous participation intention of marine leisure sports participants. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which participation motive scale as identified by Vallerand & Bouque (1992) and Weissinger & Bandalos(1995), translated by Jung(1997), leisure satisfaction scale as identified by Beard & Ragheb(1980), translated by Lee(1992), continuous participation intention scale as identified by Jung(2006). 400 subjects were selected from the adolescents participation in marine leisure sports participants in the seoul, gyeonggi and gangwon by the stratified cluster sampling method. Among these selected subjects, 387 responded, and data analyses consisted of employing frequency analysis, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, multiple correlation, multiple regression Analysis using SPSS/PC＋ version 15.0. The following results were obtained: 1. It was found that participation motive of marine leisure sports participants has an influence on leisure satisfaction. 2. It was found that participation motive of marine leisure sports participants has an influence on continuous participation intention. 3. It was found that leisure satisfaction of marine leisure sports participants has an influence on continuous participation intention.

본 연구는 체육교사의 운동능력과 학생들의 운동학습간의 관계를 분석하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 상당수의 체육교사들과 교사 교육자들은 교사의 운동능력이 학생들의 운동학습에 미치는 영향이 지대할 것이라는 믿음을 가지고 있지만, 이 분야에 대한 연구는 활발하게 이루어 지지 못했다. 본 문헌고찰 연구를 위해 미국의 체육관련 학회지에 수록된 모델링과 운동학습에 관한 연구물들이 수집되어졌고 체육교사들의 운동능력의 차이가 학생들에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 고찰이 이루어졌다. 관련된 주제의 연구가 활발히 이루어지지 않았기 때문에 참고할 수 있는 문헌들의 수가 적었고, 이로 인해 본 연구는 음악과 미술과 같은 타 예체능 교과목을 대상으로 한 연구물들과 체육 심리학 분야에서 이루어졌던 모델링 문헌들을 통해 발견된 사실들과 도출된 이론들을 바탕으로 주제에 접근했다. Bandura(1986)의 사회인지 이론 (social cognitive theory)을 기초로 한 관찰 학습과 모델링에 관한 선행연구들은 체육교사의 실기 능력, 그들의 모델링, 그리고 학생과 선수들의 운동능력 향상간의 상관관계를 보고해 왔다. 본 연구를 통해 소개된 연구들에 따르면, 같은 예체능 범주에 포함되는 미술과 음악 교과에서의 교사의 실기능력은 학생들의 학습에 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 체육 분야에서 발표된 연구들은 체육교사의 운동능력이 미치는 영향에 관한 서로 상이한 결과를 보였다.

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 운동프로그램 지도자 양성을 위한 가이드라인을 제시하는데 있다. 노인인구의 증가는 전세계적인 추세이며, 한국의 경우는 더 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 노인인구 증가는 인류 역사상 사회적으로 가장 큰 업적 중의 하나로 손꼽히지만 동시에 그로인해 발생되는 사회적 문제들에 대응하는 것이 커다란 사회적 도전과제로 떠오르고 있는 것이 오늘날의 현실이다. 과거로부터 전염병에 대한 영향력은 감소하는 반면 특히 노인들에게 있어 비전염성 (Non-Communicable Diseases: NCD) 질병은 급격하게 증가하고 있으며 이는 장애나 사망의 주 원인이 되기도 한다. 계속되어진 선행 연구들과 세계보건기구(WHO)에 따르면, NCD을 예방하고 부담감을 줄이는 가장 효과적인 방법이 정기적인 신체활동이라고 보고되고 있다. 그러나 현재 많은 곳에서 노인들의 신체활동을 교육할 수 있는 지도자의 양성 및 커리큘럼조차 확립되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 이런 맥락에서 본 연구는 노화와 비전염성 질병, NCD를 예방할 수 있는 신체활동에 관한 내용들 및 노인들에게 안전하고 효과적인 신체활동을 가르칠 수 있는 지도자 양성에 필요한 커리큘럼 가이드라인 8가지로 정리하여 제시하였다. 한국 노인의 건강과 삶의 질적 향상을 위해서는 신체활동을 올바르고 안전하게 교육시킬 수 있는 전문가가 필요하며 그 전문가들은 체계적인 교육프로그램을 통해 양성되고 배출 되야 하며 이는 한국 노인체육의 활성화 및 지속적인 발전으로 이어질 것이라 사료된다.

본 연구의 목적은 미국 체육교사들의 전문성 개발을 위한 프로그램의 운영실태를 파악하고 교사의 교수 능력에 전문성 개발 프로그램이 미치는 영향에 대한 교사교육 연구자와 현직 교사들의 의견을 종합하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 미국과 유럽 내에서 출간된 교사 전문성 개발에 관한 연구논문과 문헌고찰 연구물들을 수집하고 이들의 결과물들을 비교 분석하여 현재 교사 전문성 개발을 위한 프로그램들이 안고 있는 문제점과 해결방안을 제시하였다. 체육교사의 전문성 개발에 관한 연구는 O’Sullivan 과 Deglau (2006)가 제시한 세 가지 패러다임; 1) 구조적 요소, 2) 교사들의 변화에 대한 관심과 기대, 3) 지속적인 전문성 개발 프로그램의 효과에 의해 진행되어져 왔다. 본 연구를 통해 고찰된 문헌들은 공통적으로 체육교사들의 근무환경과 학교문화 등의 구조적 요소가 교사들의 전문성 개발을 위한 의지와 태도에 큰 영향을 미쳐왔음을 나타내었다. 또한 교사들의 전문성 개발에 대한 개인적 믿음과 기대치에 의해 교사교육기관으로부터 제공되는 연수 프로그램의 효율성이 결정되며, 단발성의 연수보다는 장기간의 전문성 개발 프로그램이 전문성개발을 요구하는 체육교사들에게 의미 있는 기회를 부여한다는 사실도 강조하고 있다. 본 연구는 교사들에게 전문성개발 프로그램을 통해 제공되어졌던 다양한 체육관련 분야들 중 근래에 교사 교육자들에 의해 조명되고 있는 건강과 체력에 관련된 분야에 대한 전문성 교육에 대해 초점을 맞추었으며, 더욱 진일보된 체육교사 재교육 프로그램을 위한 제안들을 제시했다.

The purpose of this study was to suggest theoretical basis useful for deciding priority order of selection attributes to establish effective marketing strategies by comparing and evaluating the importance and satisfaction of selection attributes of an indoor golf range with IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) method. For collected data, frequency analysis through PASW WIN Version 18.0, factor analysis, paired-sample t-test for verifying perception difference on selection attributes, and IPA for evaluating the importance of selection attributes before use and the satisfaction of selection attributes after use were conducted. The study results are as follows. First, in indoor golf range selection attributes, attributes of facilities, expense, and service ranked high in priority order of importance while attributes of service, program, and facilities ranked high in priority order of satisfaction. As a result of analysis through IPA matrix, second, sub-attributes of hitting space, driving distance, and parking space were included on the quadrant Ⅰ. Third, sub-attributes of the number of hitting box, usage fee, lesson fee, kindness, cleanliness, and faithfulness were included on the quadrant Ⅱ. Fourth, parking convenience, exercise facilities for putting, price of sales products, break area, and monthly meeting were included on the quadrant Ⅲ. Fifth, sub-attributes of various events and program variety were included on the quadrant Ⅳ.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of body composition and serum lipid after 12weeks aerobic exercise. Subjects were composed of fourteen hypertension elderly women without regular exercise habit. HRmax was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill exercise test. The exercise intensities are decided by regression equations between %HRmax and speed(m/min). Subjects were exercise during 12weeks(50% HRmax, 4 frequencies /week, 1 hour/day), t-test was used to evaluate the difference of the pre and post exercise. The .05 level of significance was as critical level for this study. The conclusion of this study were as follows ; 1. Weight and %fat were decreased after 12weeks aerobic exercise. 2. Systolic blood pressure and diastilic blood pressure were decreased after 12 weeks aerobic exercise. 3. TC, TG and LDL-C were decreased and HDL-C was increased ater 12weeks aerobic exercise. In conclusion, Aerobic exercise was shown to positive influence on body composition, and serum lipoproteins. so it may help to prevent cardiovascular disease in elderly women.

The limited physical activities and indiscreet dietary habits of modern people cause diverse adult diseases due to obesity, which has become a social and economical problem. In relation to this, exercise has a positive effectiveness As the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, they would be obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, A total of 14(EG＝7, CG＝7) obese middle-aged female patients were enrolled in this study and the authors analyzed the effectiveness of walking exercise on body composition, blood HbAlc and hs-CRP the results of this study are as follow. The body weight was decreased by approximately 2.91kg from EG(pre-study: 62.32±3.25kg, post-study: 59.41±2.14kg) CG(pre-study: 64.22±4.41kg, post- study: 63.53±3.23) to F＝9.00, p<.01 and Fat mass EG(pre-study: 25.94±1.46kg, post-study 24.58±1.33kg), CG (pre-study: 26.71±1.57kg; post-study 26.95±1.41kg) to F＝10.344, p<.01. and % body fat EG(pre-study: 32.02±2.49%, post-study 29.60±1.80%), CG(pre-study: 32.35±4.77%; post-study 32.01±4.32%) to F＝7.682, p<.05. and Glucose EG(pre-study: 95.80±6.14mg/dL, post-study 92.94±4.92mg/dL), CG(pre-study: 92.02±11.23 mg/dL; post-study 89.54±9.06mg/dL) to F＝9.412, p<.01. and HbAlc(F＝3.104) and hs-CRP(F ＝21.82) showed suggesting positive results(p<.05). Therefore, it is suggested that regular exercise and healthy life habits would be the most important factor in order to prevent cardiovascular disease from the risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and etc.

This study tries to observe the change of isokinetic muscular function and BMD (Bone Mineral Density) of middle-aged women who received the motion-beat program of 8 weeks of Rhykwon exercising. It had 10 people of motion-beat group and 10 people of general-beat group. They had 8 weeks of Rhykwon exercising program. The results of the study are as follows, First, in the isokinetic strength factor, there were significant differences in the measuring time and interaction effect right side flexor. There were significant difference in measuring time at left extensor and flexor. Second, there were significant difference at the measuring time of leftㆍright side extensor for isokinetic muscular power factor. There were significant differences at measuring time and interaction effect at leftㆍright side flexor. Third, there were significant difference at the measuring time of right side extensor for isokinetic muscular endurance factor. There were significant difference at measuring time and community groups of right side flexor showing the effect of the motion-beat. There were significant differences at measuring time and interaction effect of the left side flexor. Fourth, the two groups showed positive change in the BMD. But there weren’t significant statistical difference. Therefore, the 8 weeks of Rhykwon exercising program and motion-beat for middle-aged women partially affected the isokinetic muscular function and BMD. It maximized the efficiency of the exercise and became basic materials for various programs in social physical education fields.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task-oriented functional training on a musscle strength , balance and gait ability of chronic hemiplegia patients. Ten who were able to walk independently were evaluated in this study. Subjects exercised three, 60min times a week for 12 weeks. Functional Exercises consist of sit to stand, reaching, pick up, transfer and gait on various environments. We measured strength of lower extremity by manual muscle test, static balance by forceplate, dynamic balance through TUG and BBS. 10m walking time reflects gait ability. The paired t-test was performed to analyze differences between pre-and post-tests and α＝.05 set up with the significant level. The major findings of this study were that task-oriented functional exercises brought about increases in strengths of knee extensor(p<.001) and ankle dorsiflexor(p<.05), decrease in a averge sway path(p<.05), decrease in TUG (p<.05), increase in BBS(p<.05) and decrease in a10m walking time(p<.05). The strength of knee extensor to be significantly correlated with balance, gait ability(p<.05). Dynamic balance has positive correlation with gait ability(p<.05). We suggest that task-oriented functional training enabled stroke patient to improve the muscle strength, balance and gait ability, which is contribute to plan to rehabilitation exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks treadmill exercise program on plasma Interlukin-6, Vaspin and Glucose Tolerance in obese middle aged women. The subjects for this study were composed of twenty obese middle-aged women. The subjects were classified to two groups; control group(CG, n＝10), exercise group(EG, n＝10). Treadmill exercise was performed 4 times a week at the intensity of 50-65% HRR(1-3 weeks; 50% HRR, 4-6 weeks; 55% HRR, 7-9 weeks; 60% HRR, 10 -12 weeks; 65% HRR). The EG exercised for 12 weeks and were monitored for changes in body composition, plasma Interlukin-6(IL-6), vaspin and glucose tolerance. The results of this study are as follow; Body fat was significantly decreased in EG after 12 weeks of exercise. IL-6 and vaspin were significantly decreased in EG after 12 weeks of exercise. Glucose tolerance were significantly increased in EG after 12 weeks of exercise. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that treadmill exercise can contribute to the better benefit in IL-6, vaspin and glucose tolerance for obese treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direction of studies through the crossdisciplinarity approach between adapted physical education and sports medicine. We described definition, limit and theme of researches in fields of each disciplines. Specially for grasping a trend and remaining works between two disciplines, we subdivided each disciplines into subterritories and analyzed common themes and problems. For this study, we analyzed recent articles in fields of each disciplines included in IRSS, Medlines, APAE(Adapted Physical Activity & Exercise), APAQ(Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly), KAHPERD(Korea Allience for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance), ACSM(American college of sports medicine)’s journals, KSSM(The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine). We are supposed a trial to have a mutual leadership programs and qualifications of leaders actively in the future. For the crossdisciplinary studies between adapted physical education and sports medicines, we have to consider issues of elite sports related to Olympic game and general researches for rehabilitation and reeducation to disableds by accidents and diseases.

In Korea, metabolic diseases are increasingly growing due to increase in visceral fat caused by severe obesity. In particular, obese middle-aged women are at high risk of obesity-related diseases because of the lack of physical activity, calorie overintake, and the lack of exercise. Although many previous researches have been reported by applying exercise programs to obese middle-aged women, there are few researches have been conducted using an aquarobics program. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effects of an aquarobics program on body composition, blood lipids, and inflammatory markers in obese middle-aged women and provide multilateral basic materials for exercise in middle-aged women. 30 obese middle-aged women with more than 30% body fat were explained the period of study, methods, and effectiveness and their informed consents were obtained. They were divided into the exercise group(n=11) and the control group(n=11). The exercise group took part in the aquarobics program for 60 minutes, 3 times per week. Blood examination was conducted before and after the program and the effects of program on body composition, blood lipids, and inflammatory markers were compared and analyzed. As a result of 12-week aquarobics program, it was found that body composition was significantly reduced in weight(p<.001), BMI(p<.001), and % body fat(p<.001), suggesting a positive effect of aquarobics program on body composition in obese middle-aged women. Blood lipids were found to be significantly different in TC(p<.05), TG(p<.01), and LDL-C(p<.001). Although HDL-C showed no significant difference in time, significant difference was shown in group × time(p<.01). Adiponectin showed significant Adiponectin(p<.01). The control group showed no significant difference in all factors. The aquarobics program was effective for reducing weight, BMI, and % body fat which may prevent metabolic diseases in obese middle-aged women, and also helpful for decreasing blood lipids which may cause cardiovascular diseases. In particular, which demonstrates that it can be a useful exercise program to reduce onset risk of cardiovascular diseases. The fact that weight loss after the aquarobics program led to increase in Adiponectin secreted from obese cell suggests the possibility to inhibit inflammation in obese patients. As aquarobics do not overstrain joints, it can be strongly recommended for obese middle-aged women.