Earticle

The purpose of this study is to grasp the characteristic of indoor thermal environment from large enclosures in connection with heating condition and outdoor environment. This study has measured indoor thermal environment in accordance with heat generation from occupant for large enclosures in winter. We examined indoor thermal environment of the large enclosures in this study which include temperature distribution vertical, horizontal, and surface and thermal comfort environment.

The purpose of this study is to make suggestions for considerable factors about planning of the cooling and heating system of domed stadiums. Therefore this paper shows and analyzes the typology of cooling and heating system of Japanese domed stadiums. And the results of this study purpose a basic data for planning of the cooling and heating system to make comfortable indoor thermal environment of large enclosures.

In this study, it is need a phased approach which divided three steps to estimate an appropriate time for evacuating when the fire is occurred in a underground structure. First of all, the status data of the Underground Shopping Center in Korea is collected to perceive the conditions of the building type. The data and the basic condition on a fire simulation which is FDS are analyzed. In addition, the simulation research is conducted to predict critical items when the fire is ignited a certain position in the structure. Finally, a required evacuation time for total occupants in the building is estimated by SIMULEX to evaluate the location and size of the exit and the distances for evacuation. As the results, the target building could satisfy the limitations for the occupant’s evacuation.

Although photovoltaics (PV) proved very reliable, the cost was initially too high for earthbound applications. Continuing research brought the price down to make PV useful for powering not only houses, apartment house but also telephone relay stations, buoys, railroad signals, and other electrical installations remote from the grid. However, studies are mainly focused on the housing cases. Therefore, in this study, 50 kWp PV system which is installed at the educational facility located at Changwon is chosen and evaluated the hourly, daily, weekly and monthly electricity generated and peak time electricity. At the final stage, the simply payback period is calculated for the comparison.

As known as, the GSHP(Ground Source Heat Pump) system is a kind of the renewable energy system that use the geothermal energies for heating and cooling in the building. In recently, many GSHP systems was installed in the building for reducing the Green House Gases and the energy cost. However, published studies of Life Cycle Costing on GSHP system were rare case. Therefore, this study aim is Life Cycle Cost comparison of the GSHP system with the conventional diesel boiler system and city gas boiler system through the renewal case of building mechanic equipment in the temperate region.(Case Building; Childcare Center, 2,199.20m2, 105RT GSHP, Seoul Korea) In this study, the initial cost of GSHP system is 2.4 times to the diesel boiler system, 2.1 times to the city gas boiler system. And the running cost of GSHP system is 84.1% lower than the diesel boiler system, 59.5% lower than the city gas boiler system. In conclusion, the LCC16 of the GSHP system is 63.0% lower than the diesel boiler system, 19.9% lower than the city gas boiler system.(This study used the Present Value Method. This study used the data which are the interest; 6.5%, the oil price escalation index; 15.13%, the city gas price escalation index; 10.56%, the electric price escalation index; 6.43%, the system's Life Cycle; 16years.)

The integration of PV modules into building facades or roof could raise their temperature that results in the reduction of PV system's electrical power generation. Hot air can be extracted from the space between PV modules and building envelope, and used for heating in buildings. The extraction of hot air from the space will enhance the performance of BIPV systems. The solar collector utilizing these two aspects is called PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal) collector. This paper compares the experimental performance of two different types of air type PV/T collector units: a collector unit with 10cm gap for forced ventilation and the other unit with copper pin attached to PV module to enhance its thermal performance.

This paper presents demonstration study results derived through field testing of a part load solar energized cooling system for the library of a cultural center building located in Gwangju, Korea. The area of demanded cooling for building was about 350m2. Solar hot water was delivered by means of a 200m2 array of evacuated tubular solar collector (ETSC) to drive a single-effect (LiBr/H2O) absorption chiller of 35kW nominal cooling capacity. During the demonstration tests, operating conditions of the solar cooling system are established through modifications of the various control parameters. Operation data for 10stable hours at a clear sky day during the summer season are achieved and analyzed for the verification of the availability, stability, and reliability of the present system.

The purpose of this study is to provide improvement plan and present codndition of environment-friendly criteria in school building. The major results are as follows ; 1) Evaluation item is 9 parts with 43 detail contents (soil utilization, transportation, maintenance, renewable enery, energy saving, water resources, building materials, environmental pollution, bio- environment and indoor air quality) 2) Improvement plans of environment-friendly criteria in school are suggested relating evaluation item, contract system condition and characteristics of site situation etc.

As the problem of environment polution has been increasing, the architects are concentrating on sustainable environment-friendly building. The purpose of this study is application of design criteria to environment-friendly school building. In this study, the applied case in environment-friendly criteria of elementary school is analyzed. By the result of this process, this study propose to consider about progressive applicable design solution for environment-friendly school building.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operation strategies with the radiant floor cooling with dehumidification system in apartment buildings through field experiments. Firstly, the operation situations and load characteristics were analyzed and the operation strategies such as continuous cooling with set-back operation, room air temperature control with floor temperature limit, pre-cooling operation, and dehumidification with sub-cooling operation were tested. Through these field experiments, we could conclude that the continuous cooling with set-back operation and room air temperature control with floor temperature limit could be applied during the warm and semi-humid period. Also, by applying the dehumidification with sub-cooling operation, room thermal environments could be controlled within the comfort range.

This study is on the analysis of annual total power output of transparent thin-film PV windows which are integrated into the building envelope instead of traditional windows. 3 installation angles of vertical, horizontal and 30° inclination are investigated. To measure a power out of PV windows, full scale mock-up house was designed and constructed. The power performance of PV window system was analyzed for horizontal angle, declination angle and vertical angle according to incline angle. Monitoring data are gathered from November 2006 to August 2007 and statistical analysis is performed to analysis a characteristics of power performance of transparent PV windows. Results show that annual power output of PV window with horizontal angle is 1,042kWh/kWp/year, declination angle 1347kWh/kWp/year and vertical angle 586 kWh/kWp/year.

Using solar energy as a clean energy trends in replacement energy market. Solar heating system, photovoltaic, and lightshelves are frequently applied on the buildings. And Then, the various types of solar tracking systems also have been developed to improve the efficiency of solar energy. This study aims to introduce the principles of sun-location in the sky and several solar tracking methods and to analyze various application examples. The existed sun-location principles of a Spencer, a Pitman, a Walraven, a Lamm and a Michalsky are introduced by literature. Also, the strong and week points of three types of solar tracking systems, a sensor, a program, and the program and sensor systems are investigated. And then, the applied examples are analyzed.

Sewage facilities are essential social overhead capital facilities for removal of rainwater and sewage, further prevention of health and environment in modern life. So, recently, government executes a survey and an example work to maintain the sewage pipe to the optimum condition. Most of the sewage facilities mainly consisted of concrete are rapidly corroded than ground structures because it is exposed to high humidity, carbon dioxide and various pollutants, and undergone external pressure such as soil pressure, water pressure, live load and so on. In actuality, sewage facilities concrete is complexly corroded by those factors. And biochemical corrosion that cement hydrate react to sulphuric acid made by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is the main corrosion factor in those. So, in this study, a review of the following aspects of concrete deterioration on the sewage treatment systems in hospital was presented. Sewage treatment system was deteriorated by harmful materials, for example soil, wastewater, pollutant air, etc. but it clearly appeared that this study did not contain other condition except for wastewater.

Recently new materials and technologies for construction industry have been introduced. So, existing fire safety technology can no longer handle the current situation effectively. Developed countries have already adopted performance-based approaches to structural fire safety. Prior to the introduction of performance-based design, studies many variables have to be conducted. Among these, the heat flow is directly related to fire behavior and affects direction in spread of fire. In addition, heat flow is largely affected by the factors such as location and size of openings. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method for heat flow analysis. In this paper, a heat flow analysis program is designed adding the energy equations and buoyancy term in the algorithm that Koshizuka originally developed. In addition a numerical analysis and experiment had been conducted and compared through temperature distributions to verify the reliability of the program. Experiment shows very close result as what is analyzed by the program, confirming the applicability of MPS method for heat flow analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the fire behavior of underground space, and to supply basis data on the Performance-Based Design. In order to determine fire load and ventilation coefficient which determine the fire temperature and fire continuance time, the authors had investigated inflammableness of target shops by visiting the site of underground. And unit caloric value about inflammableness for respective materials of target shop was calculated. The Heat flow and fire behavior at the fire room and fire spread to adjacent rooms according to fire load changes were investigated.

Construction wastes tend to gradually increase by activation of housing redevelopment resulted in the advance in welfare and living conditions. Government has been carrying out lots of studies including criteria of legislation and related law to reduce construction wastes generated. But, it is difficult to establish the associated policy by a lack of research of actual condition on disposal and recycle, and introduce the criteria which are considered characteristics in each area. Therefore, the objective of this study is to research the units of construction wastes through the field survey and then give the basic data in recycling wastes. This paper is also contributed to the construction wastes policy in Korea resulted in the effective recycling and reduced wastes.

Recently, the glazing area is increased to obtain a wide outside view and to make a flexible design variation. Buildings with large glazed facades usually have a solar control devices such as venetian blinds, and internal solar shadings are often required in order to reduce the glare problem. Also the innovative glazing systems such as windows combined with shading devices, switchable glazing, diffuse glazing, translucent and transparent insulation have been developed and constructed in european buildings. To reduce the cooling energy due to the solar incidence through the facades, it is most important to control the thermal transmittance of irradiation. The effective g-value of the solar shading device, defined as the ratio between g-value of the window with the shading device and g-value of the window, is highly dependent on the type of shading device and the window panes. To evaluate the performance of glazing system with respect to the cooling energy consumption, it is important to measure the g-value of the each solar control devices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the g-value(total solar energy transmittance) in building through the experimental measurement. The measurements were performed with a solar simulator, which has rather parallel light beams and calorimetric box. With this facility, we have measured the total solar energy transmittance of the window with shading devices such as external venetian blind. In conclusion, we could find the results of different g-value of the glazing system with a different slat angles.

Due to the higher insulation and the air-tightness requirement in modern buildings have resulted NBS(New Building Syndrome) and SBS(Sick Building Syndrome) of IAQ problems. Therefore, energy efficient way of solving such IAQ issues are of major concern in these days and areas. This paper introduces a new technology and method to improve IAQ performance as well as to improve building energy performance with a DI(Dynamic Insulation) concept. The main idea to meet the goal is to use the DI concept similar to a heat recovery concept to prevent the heat loss path within the air path inside the dynamic insulation. The characteristic of the dynamic insulation is that the lower U-value as the higher air velocity through the DI. The porous media such as HEPA filter improves the IAQ to filter out the PM10 particles and other unhealthy particles. A energy performance simulation study has been conducted to show the energy impact of porous DI over the static insulation material. A twin test cell with a DI was modeled and simulated to show the DI energy saving impact for different ACH's. The results show that up tp 9 % energy with 2 ACH could be saved in the case with DI replaced in south faced insulation compared to the conventional insulation.

Lately, interest about themes connected with natural environment or health of (Wellbeing) beheading is risen with mode of life, natural environment continuously, and construction connection research institution and construction company are endeavoring jointly to apply this to operation. As part of such effort , In this study city ․ ecological constructibility of level/economic efficiency estimation pattern develop wish to. The research which it sees an economical efficiency evaluation the plan element star spatial-temporal characteristic where also the 1st year of mode of life jar research is research result/economical efficiency weight and mode of life contribution quotient (IEC) uses a LCC technique in base and it accomplishes. The research which it sees analyzed radical construct area for apartment complex to example. Result of this research is as following. First, sorted natural environment mode of life zero kinds to 150 items for economic performance estimation of mode of life jar. Second, in only equipment capacity for water circulation security processing target figure 10% by standard undercurrent equipment A 609m2 be, undercurrent equipment B calculated by 979m2. Third, the repair rate and repair intoxication that is main element of LCC economic performance estimation item of natural environment element made out to 1800 items synthesizing data of house law, the complete work Ministry of Education, the Chungchong-namdo Ministry of Education, house construction etc. Fourth, LCC expense of most zero kinds calculated natural environment an mode of life zero kinds about early investment rain provision 2 double as result that execute LCC economic performance estimation of each 20 years but LCC expense of zero kinds connected with number circulation such as hydroponics equipment (diversion of water) 3.96 times, hydroponics equipment (mountain stream) 3.92 times, rooftop tree plant 2.85 times, grass block package 2.37 times was calculated by high numerical value relatively.

This study has a purpose of identifying the degree of damage and establishing the preventing measures on the mechanical noise of 120dB over generated in the Molding machine(High pressure and vibrating)used in the Construction Secondary Products Manufacturing Company. As a results, after setting up the noise control facility made of noise control cotton cloth in the ceiling area, the average noise in and outside of the factory was reduced about 4～10dB, and that in the nearby private houses satisfies the norm (50dB). In addition, according to the result of measuring the porous block’s for sounding absorption, in the mid-high frequency band (500～4,000Hz), the sounding absorption ratio was considerably high, as approximately 55～77%.

Air leakage testing and pressure measurements were measured in 20 detached dwellings in Daejeon and Geumsan. Air leakage rate were measured by means by means of blower door test in accordance with ASTM E79-87. The results showed that detached dwellings have an average airtightness with ACH50/20 (air chang per hour at a pressure difference of 50 Pa between inside outside) of 0.73hr-1 which is a higher range than for typical apartments and leakage class G by normalized leakage area of ASHRAE.

Renewable energy has been getting popular as a natural energy source for green buildings these days. Public building with gross area more than 3000㎡, planned after March 2004, should spend about 5% of total building cost for equipment run by natural energy source according to renewable energy promotion law in Korea. Especially, geothermal heat pump system has been applied many buildings due to high efficiency and low energy cost. But research materials of efficiency measure and economic evaluation of geothermal heat pump system is insufficient. Therefore this research is a basic study for renewable energy resources and the date of this research will attribute to application of geothermal heat pump system in the future.

Asbestos is excellent in tensile tolerance and flexibility. It has been called a miracle mineral due to its diverse features such as noncombustible nature, hard face, insulation, and inexpensive price. Also, there were asbestos contained in ceiling materials which are mainly used as insulating materials, lagging materials and roof material(slate). In addition, asbestos was mainly used in roof slate prior to the 1970s, and asbestos has been used for wall finishing materials and insulating materials since the 1970s. However, it was concluded to be a material that may cause cancer to do humans, thus, asbestos is prohibited to be manufactured, and managed as a harmful material and managed pursuant to the Industrial Safety Health Law. As a result of surveying management institution of the waste asbestos in forward countries, the management institution of the waste asbestos will be revised. Also, those who are dealing asbestos will be educated that the waste asbestos is danger and harmful.