In Korea, President can make decrees or ordinances concerning matters delegated to him by Acts with the scope specially defined and also matters necessary to enforce Acts. When any presidential decree or ordinance does not belong to any Act, its validity becomes controversial in terms of constitutionality. However, ordinance-making power should be considered as means, not as objects. If Constitution vests some duties to a position, it should be interpreted that it also gives the power, including ordinance-making power, sufficient to implement those duties.(Most constitutional theorists seem to disagree with this idea. If not, there is no way to do constitutional duties without the help of other institutions with competence of making ordinances. With respect to the Korean President, since Korea adopts the doctrine of Separation of Powers as one of its constitutional principles, he has to rely on congressional legislation to do his duties. On the other hand, American President enjoys much wider ordinance-making power. Executive Order is the most significant one among them. However, the Constitution of the United States does not explicitly give President the ordinance-making power. Nevertheless every one has admitted that President has ordinance-making power. In this study, the sources of Executive Orders are enumerated as follows : constitutional powers vested to President, the delegation by the Congress, and the inherent powers of President, which is still controversial. Through this study, we can assure that ordinance-making power is a tool to implement duties. If you give someone a duty, it means that you also give him to issue orders to carry out the duty. As this idea seems rather unfamiliar in Korea, we need to have close attention to this matter.
목차
Ⅰ. 서언 Ⅱ. 미국 대통령의 명령권 1. Executive Order의 성격 2. 발령절차 Ⅲ. 미국 대통령의 명령권의 근거에 대한 주장 1. 의회의 위임 2. 헌법상 주어진 대통령의 권한 3. 고유권한에 당연히 내재하는 것 Ⅳ. 결어 [Abstract]
키워드
대통령명령(Executive Order)대통령특권(executive prerogative)권력분립(separation of powers)의회위임(delegation)대통령포고(Proclamation)
저자
윤장근 [ Youn, Jang-Keun | 법제처 차장(Vice Minister, Ministry of Government Legislation) ]
오늘날 대륙법계 국가는 물론 영미법계 국가에서도 제정법의 중요성이 점증하고 있음에도 불구하고 그동안 법학의 주된 관심은 해석법학에 머무르고 있는 것이 현실이다. 같은 맥락에서 법률전문가들도 한결 같이 법의 해석·적용에만 천착하고 있을 뿐이며 해석·적용의 전제가 되는 입법 자체에 대하여 관심과 소양을 가지고 있는 전문가는 찾아보기 힘든 실정이다. 국민의 여론을 충실히 반영하면서도 형평성과 체계성·조화성 등을 고루 갖추어 헌법과 입법원칙에 부합하는 입법이 적시에 이루어진다면 불필요한 법적 분쟁을 예방하고 국민의 법 생활을 윤택하게 하며 법치주의의 성공적인 구현에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 입법학회는 이러한 전제 하에 올바른 입법을 위한 이론적 토대를 마련하기 위한 학문적 탐구를 진행하고자 함.