Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Temporality and Inference 3. Meanings of the Suffix -ese 3.1. Grammatical Factors which Affect the Interpretation of -ese 3.2. Ambiguity, Default or Indeterminacy? 4. How Pragmatics Interacts with Grammar? 4.1. Degree of Inference 4.2. How Pragmatics Interacts with grammar? 5. Summary and Conclusion References