Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Review of the previous accounts 2.1. The suffix ney with newly perceived factual information 2.2. The suffix ney as an evidential marker 3. The suffix ney and relevant information 3.1. Relevance to an individual and cognitive effects 3.2. The suffix ney with relevant information to the speaker 3.3. The suffix ney with the speaker's cognitive effect 3.4. The suffix ney and its processing effort 3.5. Metarepresentations of the listener's cognitiver effect 4. Some implications communicated by the suffix ney 5. Summary and conclusion References