Earticle

초록

영어

Cocoa poverty, low productivity and climate change have undermined sustainable production in several cocoa-producing countries. In response, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana—accounting for about 60% of global cocoa exports—introduced a $400/ton Living Income Differential (LID) in 2019 to boost farmers’ earnings. This paper assessed farmers’ awareness of LID and their willingness to reinvest these earnings into cocoa production. Using a mixed-methods approach, 156 cocoa farmers were randomly selected from five communities and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, complemented by in-depth interviews on LID policy to provide contextual understanding. The results showed 99% of respondents were aware of the then-new LID, and 96% perceived the disbursement process as transparent. While the LID broadly strengthened incentives for cocoa farming, only 30% of respondents were willing to reinvest in their farms and labor services, primarily citing poor returns on past reinvestments. Gender, household size, frequency of LID received, years in cocoa farming, communities with strong social networks and access to shared resources, perceived yield gains from previous reinvestment, and the interaction between yield increase and amount reinvested are statistically significant determinants. Notably, many cocoa farmers prioritize expenditure on education, housing, and healthcare, reflecting broader household livelihood strategies over farm-level investment. Farmers’ reluctance to reinvest points to structural challenges, including land tenure insecurity and persistent productivity constraints that limit the LID's intended environmental and sustainability aims. The findings call for rebalancing cocoa revenue allocation strategies, with strengthened value chain support and targeted policy intervention to address systemic barriers, ensuring the LID and related cocoa sector policies contribute meaningfully to sustainable cocoa production and farmers' livelihoods.

목차

Abstract
Introduction
Farmgate prices and LID policy context
Materials and Methods
Study area
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Socio-demographic background of respondents
Cocoa farming systems
LID in the cocoa sector and sustainable livelihoods
Willingness to reinvest the LID into cocoa farming to increase sustainable cocoa production
Different areas of interest respondents are likely to reinvest the LID
Factors influencing farmers’ willingness to reinvest the LID into cocoa farming
Discussion
Awareness of LID among cocoa farmers and transparencyin the disbursement
Willingness to reinvest the LID into cocoa farming to increase sustainable cocoa production
Different areas of interest for reinvesting additional income from LID
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

키워드

저자

• Marshall Alhassan Adams [ United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, International Programs, Washington, DC 20250, USA ]
• Jewel Andoh [ Forest Policy, Governance, and Livelihood Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana ] Corresponding Author
• Elizabeth Asantewaa Obeng [ Forest Policy, Governance, and Livelihood Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana ]
• Kwame Antwi Oduro [ Forest Policy, Governance, and Livelihood Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  Journal of Forest and Environmental Science [산림과학연구]

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  2288-9744

• eISSN

  2288-9752

• 수록기간

  1981~2026

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 526 DDC 634