Digital transformation has become a central priority for governments worldwide, aiming to enhance governance and public service delivery. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Home Affairs introduced the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) as a mandatory platform to integrate planning, budgeting, and financial management processes across all local governments. While prior research has predominantly focused on voluntary technology adoption, limited attention has been given to the success of mandatory information systems. This study addresses this gap by examining SIPD using an integrated framework that combines the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model with the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, while incorporating user competence as an individual-level capability. Data were collected from 210 local government employees and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that technological factors and user competence significantly influence user satisfaction, which in turn strongly determines system success. In contrast, organizational factors were found to have no significant effect on user satisfaction. Environmental factors, however, have a direct impact on system success. These findings suggest that, in mandatory environments, system success depends more on effective system utilization and user satisfaction than on organizational support alone. This study contributes to the information systems literature by demonstrating how system success mechanisms operate in mandatory-use contexts, where usage is enforced rather than voluntarily adopted, and by integrating TOE and IS Success perspectives to explain both contextual conditions and system outcomes.
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ABSTRACT Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Conceptual Background 2.1. The Development of Theories Concerning Technology Adoption 2.2. Foundational Frameworks for System Success 2.3. Integrated Research Model and Contribution 2.4. Positioning within Prior Research Ⅲ. Hypotheses and Research Model Ⅳ. Research Methodology 4.1. Research Context & Sample 4.2. Instrument Development 4.3. Operational Definition of Variables 4.4. Data Collection Ⅴ. Data Analysis and Results 5.1. Preliminary Data Analysis 5.2. Measurement Model Assessment 5.3. Structural Model Assessment and Hypothesis Testing Ⅵ. Discussion and Implications 6.1. Discussion of Findings 6.2. Limitations and Future Research Directions 6.3. Implications for Research and Practice Ⅶ. Conclusion