Earticle

초록

영어

Evacuation centers are highly dynamic, making historical, cross-sectional comparisons difficult in Japan. Understanding these historical transitions is essential for developing highly inclusive shelter environments for the future. To address this gap, this study proposes a functional abstraction model to deconstruct and compare evacuation centers across different eras. By doing so, it aims to clarify the 30-year evolution of shelter environments, with a specific focus on support for vulnerable populations. Methodologically, historical floor plans of evacuation centers were collected to create functional diagrams (capturing function, size, and spatial relationships). To these diagrams, implementing actors were added, categorized into three groups: evacuees, shelter operators, and external supporters (e.g., medical staff, volunteer organizations). Because comparing full spatial layouts proved difficult due to varying facility types, the data was abstracted to focus solely on "functions" and "actors" to enable cross-era comparison. The analysis revealed that across five major eras, basic functions (residence, hygiene, management, medical, and supply storage) remained constant. In contrast, functions dedicated to vulnerable groups significantly expanded. Support evolved from basic nursing care spaces to accommodating childcare and study areas, and more recently, spaces for pet care and night-shift workers. This evolution highlights a paradigm shift in Japanese shelters from ensuring mere survival to accommodating diverse needs to maintain pre-disaster normalcy. Ultimately, simplifying shelter elements into functions and actors enables objective historical comparison. Furthermore, this abstraction provides a structural framework to effectively compare Japanese shelter environments with international benchmarks like the Sphere Standards. Recognizing these structural differences globally will facilitate the development of better, more inclusive shelter models.

저자

• Kei Matsuzaki [ Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University ]
• Osamu Murao [ Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  한국재난정보학회 학술발표대회

• 간기

  부정기

• 수록기간

  2005~2026

• 십진분류

  KDC 338 DDC 361